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src/compiler/NubLang.CLI/Archive.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace NubLang.CLI;
+
+public static class Archive
+{
+    public static async Task<bool> Invoke(string fileName, params IEnumerable<string> objectFiles)
+    {
+        using var process = new Process();
+        process.StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("ar", ["rcs", fileName, ..objectFiles])
+        {
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            RedirectStandardOutput = true,
+            RedirectStandardError = true,
+            CreateNoWindow = true
+        };
+
+        process.Start();
+        await process.WaitForExitAsync();
+
+        var errors = await process.StandardError.ReadToEndAsync();
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(errors))
+        {
+            await Console.Error.WriteLineAsync("ar error when archiving:\n" + errors);
+        }
+
+        return process.ExitCode == 0;
+    }
+}

src/compiler/NubLang.CLI/GCC.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace NubLang.CLI;
+
+public static class GCC
+{
+    public static async Task<bool> Assemble(string asm, string objPath)
+    {
+        var dir = Path.GetDirectoryName(objPath);
+        if (dir != null)
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        }
+        
+        using var process = new Process();
+        process.StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("gcc", ["-xassembler", "-c", "-o", objPath, "-"])
+        {
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            RedirectStandardInput = true,
+            RedirectStandardOutput = true,
+            RedirectStandardError = true,
+            CreateNoWindow = true
+        };
+
+        process.Start();
+        
+        await process.StandardInput.WriteAsync(asm);
+        process.StandardInput.Close();
+        
+        await process.WaitForExitAsync();
+
+        var errors = await process.StandardError.ReadToEndAsync();
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(errors))
+        {
+            await Console.Error.WriteLineAsync("gcc error when assembling:\n" + errors);
+        }
+
+        return process.ExitCode == 0;
+    }
+    
+    public static async Task<bool> Link(string executablePath, params IEnumerable<string> objectFiles)
+    {
+        var dir = Path.GetDirectoryName(executablePath);
+        if (dir != null)
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+        }
+        
+        using var process = new Process();
+        process.StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("gcc", ["-nostartfiles", "-o", executablePath, ..objectFiles])
+        {
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            RedirectStandardInput = true,
+            RedirectStandardOutput = true,
+            RedirectStandardError = true,
+            CreateNoWindow = true
+        };
+
+        process.Start();
+        
+        await process.WaitForExitAsync();
+
+        var errors = await process.StandardError.ReadToEndAsync();
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(errors))
+        {
+            await Console.Error.WriteLineAsync("gcc error when linking:\n" + errors);
+        }
+
+        return process.ExitCode == 0;
+    }
+}

src/compiler/NubLang.CLI/HexString.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+namespace NubLang.CLI;
+
+internal static class HexString
+{
+    private static readonly HashSet<string> _used = [];
+
+    private static readonly char[] StringChars = "0123456789abcdef".ToArray();
+
+    public static string CreateUnique(int length)
+    {
+        string hex;
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            hex = Create(length);
+            if (_used.Add(hex))
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return hex;
+    }
+
+    public static string Create(int length)
+    {
+        var rand = new Random();
+        var hexString = "";
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < length; i++)
+        {
+            var randIndex = rand.Next(0, StringChars.Length);
+            hexString += StringChars[randIndex];
+        }
+
+        return hexString;
+    }
+}

src/compiler/NubLang.CLI/NubLang.CLI.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+    <PropertyGroup>
+        <AssemblyName>nubc</AssemblyName>
+        <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
+        <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+        <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+        <PublishAot>true</PublishAot>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <ProjectReference Include="..\NubLang\NubLang.csproj" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <None Remove="runtime\libruntime_x64.a" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <None Remove="assets\libruntime_x64.a" />
+      <EmbeddedResource Include="assets\libruntime_x64.a" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

src/compiler/NubLang.CLI/Options.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace NubLang.CLI;
+
+public class Options
+{
+    public string? CustomRuntime { get; set; }
+    public string? OutputPath { get; set; }
+    public bool Link { get; set; } = true;
+    public List<string> Files { get; } = [];
+}

src/compiler/NubLang.CLI/Program.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+using System.Reflection;
+using NubLang.CLI;
+using NubLang;
+using NubLang.Diagnostics;
+using NubLang.Generation.QBE;
+using NubLang.Syntax.Binding.Node;
+using NubLang.Syntax.Parsing;
+using NubLang.Syntax.Parsing.Node;
+using NubLang.Syntax.Tokenization;
+using Binder = NubLang.Syntax.Binding.Binder;
+
+const string BIN_DIR = "bin";
+const string INT_DIR = "bin-int";
+var INT_BUILTIN_DIR = Path.Join(INT_DIR, "builtin");
+var INT_OBJECT_DIR = Path.Join(INT_DIR, "obj");
+var INT_DEBUG_DIR = Path.Join(INT_DIR, "debug");
+
+if (Directory.Exists(INT_DIR))
+{
+    Directory.Delete(INT_DIR, true);
+}
+
+Directory.CreateDirectory(BIN_DIR);
+Directory.CreateDirectory(INT_BUILTIN_DIR);
+Directory.CreateDirectory(INT_OBJECT_DIR);
+Directory.CreateDirectory(INT_DEBUG_DIR);
+
+var options = new Options();
+
+for (var i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
+{
+    var arg = args[i];
+    if (arg == "-r")
+    {
+        i++;
+        if (i >= args.Length - 1)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"{arg} must be followed by a value");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        options.CustomRuntime = args[i];
+    }
+    else if (arg == "-o")
+    {
+        i++;
+        if (i >= args.Length - 1)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"{arg} must be followed by a value");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        options.OutputPath = args[i];
+    }
+    else if (arg == "-c")
+    {
+        i++;
+        options.Link = false;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        options.Files.Add(arg);
+    }
+}
+
+var diagnostics = new List<Diagnostic>();
+var syntaxTrees = new Dictionary<string, SyntaxTree>();
+
+foreach (var file in options.Files)
+{
+    if (!File.Exists(file))
+    {
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"File '{file}' does not exist");
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+foreach (var file in options.Files)
+{
+    var content = File.ReadAllText(file);
+    var sourceText = new SourceText(file, content);
+
+    var tokenizer = new Tokenizer(sourceText);
+    var tokenizeResult = tokenizer.Tokenize(out var tokenizerDiagnostics);
+    diagnostics.AddRange(tokenizerDiagnostics);
+
+    var parser = new Parser(tokenizeResult);
+    var syntaxTree = parser.Parse();
+    diagnostics.AddRange(syntaxTree.Diagnostics);
+
+    syntaxTrees[file] = syntaxTree;
+}
+
+var definitionTable = new DefinitionTable(syntaxTrees.Values);
+
+var boundSyntaxTrees = new Dictionary<string, BoundSyntaxTree>();
+
+foreach (var (file, syntaxTree) in syntaxTrees)
+{
+    var binder = new Binder(syntaxTree, definitionTable);
+    var boundSyntaxTree = binder.Bind();
+    diagnostics.AddRange(boundSyntaxTree.Diagnostics);
+    boundSyntaxTrees[file] = boundSyntaxTree;
+}
+
+foreach (var diagnostic in diagnostics)
+{
+    Console.Error.WriteLine(diagnostic.FormatANSI());
+}
+
+if (diagnostics.Any(diagnostic => diagnostic.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error))
+{
+    return 1;
+}
+
+var boundDefinitionTable = new BoundDefinitionTable(boundSyntaxTrees.Values);
+
+var objectFiles = new List<string>();
+
+foreach (var file in options.Files)
+{
+    var outFileName = $"{HexString.CreateUnique(8)}_{Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(file)}";
+
+    var generator = new QBEGenerator(boundSyntaxTrees[file], boundDefinitionTable, file);
+    var ssa = generator.Emit();
+    File.WriteAllText(Path.Join(INT_DEBUG_DIR, $"{outFileName}.ssa"), ssa);
+
+    var asm = await QBE.Invoke(ssa);
+    if (asm == null)
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    File.WriteAllText(Path.Join(INT_DEBUG_DIR, $"{outFileName}.s"), asm);
+
+    var fileName = Path.Join(INT_OBJECT_DIR, $"{outFileName}.o");
+    var asmSuccess = await GCC.Assemble(asm, fileName);
+    if (!asmSuccess)
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    objectFiles.Add(fileName);
+}
+
+if (options.CustomRuntime == null)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        objectFiles.Add(await CreateBuiltinRuntime());
+    }
+    catch (RuntimeCreationException e)
+    {
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(e.Message);
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+else
+{
+    if (!File.Exists(options.CustomRuntime))
+    {
+        Console.Error.WriteLine($"file '{options.CustomRuntime}' does not exist'");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    objectFiles.Add(options.CustomRuntime);
+}
+
+if (options.Link)
+{
+    var outPath = options.OutputPath ?? Path.Join(BIN_DIR, "out");
+    var linkResult = await GCC.Link(outPath, objectFiles);
+    if (!linkResult)
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+else
+{
+    var outPath = options.OutputPath ?? Path.Join(BIN_DIR, "out.a");
+    var archiveResult = await Archive.Invoke(outPath, objectFiles);
+    if (!archiveResult)
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+return 0;
+
+async Task<string> CreateBuiltinRuntime()
+{
+    const string RUNTIME_NAME = "libruntime_x64.a";
+
+    var resources = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetManifestResourceNames();
+    var runtime = resources.First(r => r.EndsWith(RUNTIME_NAME));
+
+    await using var reader = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetManifestResourceStream(runtime);
+
+    if (reader == null)
+    {
+        throw new RuntimeCreationException($"Cannot open stream to '{RUNTIME_NAME}'");
+    }
+
+    var runtimePath = Path.Combine(INT_BUILTIN_DIR, RUNTIME_NAME);
+    await using var writer = new FileStream(runtimePath, FileMode.Create);
+
+    reader.CopyTo(writer);
+
+    return runtimePath;
+}
+
+namespace NubLang.CLI
+{
+    internal class RuntimeCreationException(string message) : Exception(message);
+}

src/compiler/NubLang.CLI/QBE.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace NubLang.CLI;
+
+public static class QBE
+{
+    public static async Task<string?> Invoke(string ssa)
+    {
+        using var process = new Process();
+        process.StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("qbe")
+        {
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            RedirectStandardInput = true,
+            RedirectStandardOutput = true,
+            RedirectStandardError = true,
+            CreateNoWindow = true
+        };
+
+        process.Start();
+
+        await process.StandardInput.WriteAsync(ssa);
+        process.StandardInput.Close();
+
+        await process.WaitForExitAsync();
+
+        var errors = await process.StandardError.ReadToEndAsync();
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(errors))
+        {
+            await Console.Error.WriteLineAsync("qbe error:\n" + errors);
+        }
+
+        var asm = await process.StandardOutput.ReadToEndAsync();
+
+        return process.ExitCode == 0 ? asm : null;
+    }
+}