c generator

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+    "files.associations": {
+        "stdbool.h": "c",
+        "stdint.h": "c"
+    }
+}

compiler/NubLang.CLI/GCC.cs

@@ -27,4 +27,28 @@ public static class GCC
 
         return process.ExitCode == 0;
     }
+
+    public static async Task<bool> Compile(string cPath, string outPath)
+    {
+        using var process = new Process();
+        process.StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("gcc", ["-ffreestanding", "-nostartfiles", "-c", "-o", outPath, cPath])
+        {
+            UseShellExecute = false,
+            RedirectStandardOutput = true,
+            RedirectStandardError = true,
+            CreateNoWindow = true
+        };
+
+        process.Start();
+
+        await process.WaitForExitAsync();
+
+        var errors = await process.StandardError.ReadToEndAsync();
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(errors))
+        {
+            await Console.Error.WriteLineAsync(errors);
+        }
+
+        return process.ExitCode == 0;
+    }
 }

compiler/NubLang.CLI/Program.cs

@@ -116,28 +116,38 @@ if (diagnostics.Any(diagnostic => diagnostic.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Erro
 
 Directory.CreateDirectory(".build");
 
-sw.Restart();
+var generator = new CGenerator(definitions, referencedStructTypes);
+var c = generator.Emit();
+var cFilePath = Path.Combine(".build", "out.c");
 
-var generator = new QBEGenerator(definitions, referencedStructTypes);
+File.WriteAllText(cFilePath, c);
-var ssa = generator.Emit();
-var ssaFilePath = Path.Combine(".build", "out.ssa");
-File.WriteAllText(ssaFilePath, ssa);
-
-Console.WriteLine($"Emit ssa: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
-sw.Restart();
-
-var asmFilePath = Path.Combine(".build", "out.asm");
-var qbeSuccess = await QBE.Invoke(ssaFilePath, asmFilePath);
-if (!qbeSuccess) return 1;
-
-Console.WriteLine($"Emit asm: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
-sw.Restart();
 
 var objFilePath = Path.Combine(".build", "out.o");
-var asmSuccess = await GCC.Assemble(asmFilePath, objFilePath);
+var asmSuccess = await GCC.Compile(cFilePath, objFilePath);
 if (!asmSuccess) return 1;
 
-Console.WriteLine($"Assemble: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
+// sw.Restart();
+//
+// var generator = new QBEGenerator(definitions, referencedStructTypes);
+// var ssa = generator.Emit();
+// var ssaFilePath = Path.Combine(".build", "out.ssa");
+// File.WriteAllText(ssaFilePath, ssa);
+//
+// Console.WriteLine($"Emit ssa: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
+// sw.Restart();
+//
+// var asmFilePath = Path.Combine(".build", "out.asm");
+// var qbeSuccess = await QBE.Invoke(ssaFilePath, asmFilePath);
+// if (!qbeSuccess) return 1;
+//
+// Console.WriteLine($"Emit asm: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
+// sw.Restart();
+//
+// var objFilePath = Path.Combine(".build", "out.o");
+// var asmSuccess = await GCC.Assemble(asmFilePath, objFilePath);
+// if (!asmSuccess) return 1;
+//
+// Console.WriteLine($"Assemble: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
 sw.Restart();
 
 return 0;

compiler/NubLang/Diagnostics/Diagnostic.cs

@@ -82,114 +82,121 @@ public class Diagnostic
 
     public string FormatANSI()
     {
-        var sb = new StringBuilder();
+        try
-
-        sb.Append(Severity switch
         {
-            DiagnosticSeverity.Error => ConsoleColors.Colorize("error", ConsoleColors.Bold + ConsoleColors.Red),
+            var sb = new StringBuilder();
-            DiagnosticSeverity.Warning => ConsoleColors.Colorize("warning", ConsoleColors.Bold + ConsoleColors.Yellow),
-            DiagnosticSeverity.Info => ConsoleColors.Colorize("info", ConsoleColors.Bold + ConsoleColors.Blue),
-            _ => ConsoleColors.Colorize("unknown", ConsoleColors.Bold + ConsoleColors.White)
-        });
 
-        if (Span.HasValue)
+            sb.Append(Severity switch
-        {
-            sb.Append(ConsoleColors.Colorize($" at {Span.Value}", ConsoleColors.Faint));
-        }
-
-        sb.Append(": ");
-        sb.Append(ConsoleColors.Colorize(Message, ConsoleColors.BrightWhite));
-
-        if (Span.HasValue)
-        {
-            sb.AppendLine();
-            var text = File.ReadAllText(Span.Value.FilePath);
-
-            var lines = text.Split('\n');
-
-            var startLine = Span.Value.Start.Line;
-            var endLine = Span.Value.End.Line;
-
-            const int CONTEXT_LINES = 3;
-
-            var contextStartLine = Math.Max(1, startLine - CONTEXT_LINES);
-            var contextEndLine = Math.Min(lines.Length, endLine + CONTEXT_LINES);
-
-            var numberPadding = contextEndLine.ToString().Length;
-            var codePadding = lines.Skip(contextStartLine - 1).Take(contextEndLine - contextStartLine + 1).Max(x => x.Length);
-
-            sb.Append('╭');
-            sb.Append(new string('─', numberPadding + 2));
-            sb.Append('┬');
-            sb.Append(new string('─', codePadding + 2));
-            sb.Append('╮');
-            sb.AppendLine();
-
-            var tokenizer = new Tokenizer(Span.Value.FilePath, text);
-            tokenizer.Tokenize();
-
-            for (var i = contextStartLine; i <= contextEndLine; i++)
             {
-                var line = lines[i - 1];
+                DiagnosticSeverity.Error => ConsoleColors.Colorize("error", ConsoleColors.Bold + ConsoleColors.Red),
+                DiagnosticSeverity.Warning => ConsoleColors.Colorize("warning", ConsoleColors.Bold + ConsoleColors.Yellow),
+                DiagnosticSeverity.Info => ConsoleColors.Colorize("info", ConsoleColors.Bold + ConsoleColors.Blue),
+                _ => ConsoleColors.Colorize("unknown", ConsoleColors.Bold + ConsoleColors.White)
+            });
 
-                sb.Append("│ ");
+            if (Span.HasValue)
-                sb.Append(i.ToString().PadRight(numberPadding));
+            {
-                sb.Append(" │ ");
+                sb.Append(ConsoleColors.Colorize($" at {Span.Value}", ConsoleColors.Faint));
-                sb.Append(ApplySyntaxHighlighting(line.PadRight(codePadding), i, tokenizer.Tokens));
-                sb.Append(" │");
-                sb.AppendLine();
-
-                if (i >= startLine && i <= endLine)
-                {
-                    var markerStartColumn = 1;
-                    var markerEndColumn = line.Length;
-
-                    if (i == startLine)
-                    {
-                        markerStartColumn = Math.Min(Span.Value.Start.Column, 1);
-                    }
-
-                    if (i == endLine)
-                    {
-                        markerEndColumn = Math.Min(Span.Value.End.Column, line.Length);
-                    }
-
-                    var markerLength = markerEndColumn - markerStartColumn;
-                    var marker = new string('^', markerLength);
-
-                    var markerColor = Severity switch
-                    {
-                        DiagnosticSeverity.Info => ConsoleColors.Blue,
-                        DiagnosticSeverity.Warning => ConsoleColors.Yellow,
-                        DiagnosticSeverity.Error => ConsoleColors.Red,
-                        _ => ConsoleColors.White
-                    };
-
-                    sb.Append("│ ");
-                    sb.Append(new string(' ', numberPadding));
-                    sb.Append(" │ ");
-                    sb.Append(new string(' ', markerStartColumn - 1));
-                    sb.Append(ConsoleColors.Colorize(marker, markerColor));
-                    sb.Append(new string(' ', codePadding - markerEndColumn + 1));
-                    sb.Append(" │");
-                    sb.AppendLine();
-                }
             }
 
-            sb.Append('╰');
+            sb.Append(": ");
-            sb.Append(new string('─', numberPadding + 2));
+            sb.Append(ConsoleColors.Colorize(Message, ConsoleColors.BrightWhite));
-            sb.Append('┴');
-            sb.Append(new string('─', codePadding + 2));
-            sb.Append('╯');
-        }
 
-        if (Help != null)
+            if (Span.HasValue)
+            {
+                sb.AppendLine();
+                var text = File.ReadAllText(Span.Value.FilePath);
+
+                var lines = text.Split('\n');
+
+                var startLine = Span.Value.Start.Line;
+                var endLine = Span.Value.End.Line;
+
+                const int CONTEXT_LINES = 3;
+
+                var contextStartLine = Math.Max(1, startLine - CONTEXT_LINES);
+                var contextEndLine = Math.Min(lines.Length, endLine + CONTEXT_LINES);
+
+                var numberPadding = contextEndLine.ToString().Length;
+                var codePadding = lines.Skip(contextStartLine - 1).Take(contextEndLine - contextStartLine + 1).Max(x => x.Length);
+
+                sb.Append('╭');
+                sb.Append(new string('─', numberPadding + 2));
+                sb.Append('┬');
+                sb.Append(new string('─', codePadding + 2));
+                sb.Append('╮');
+                sb.AppendLine();
+
+                var tokenizer = new Tokenizer(Span.Value.FilePath, text);
+                tokenizer.Tokenize();
+
+                for (var i = contextStartLine; i <= contextEndLine; i++)
+                {
+                    var line = lines[i - 1];
+
+                    sb.Append("│ ");
+                    sb.Append(i.ToString().PadRight(numberPadding));
+                    sb.Append(" │ ");
+                    sb.Append(ApplySyntaxHighlighting(line.PadRight(codePadding), i, tokenizer.Tokens));
+                    sb.Append(" │");
+                    sb.AppendLine();
+
+                    if (i >= startLine && i <= endLine)
+                    {
+                        var markerStartColumn = 1;
+                        var markerEndColumn = line.Length;
+
+                        if (i == startLine)
+                        {
+                            markerStartColumn = Math.Min(Span.Value.Start.Column, 1);
+                        }
+
+                        if (i == endLine)
+                        {
+                            markerEndColumn = Math.Min(Span.Value.End.Column, line.Length);
+                        }
+
+                        var markerLength = markerEndColumn - markerStartColumn;
+                        var marker = new string('^', markerLength);
+
+                        var markerColor = Severity switch
+                        {
+                            DiagnosticSeverity.Info => ConsoleColors.Blue,
+                            DiagnosticSeverity.Warning => ConsoleColors.Yellow,
+                            DiagnosticSeverity.Error => ConsoleColors.Red,
+                            _ => ConsoleColors.White
+                        };
+
+                        sb.Append("│ ");
+                        sb.Append(new string(' ', numberPadding));
+                        sb.Append(" │ ");
+                        sb.Append(new string(' ', markerStartColumn - 1));
+                        sb.Append(ConsoleColors.Colorize(marker, markerColor));
+                        sb.Append(new string(' ', codePadding - markerEndColumn + 1));
+                        sb.Append(" │");
+                        sb.AppendLine();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                sb.Append('╰');
+                sb.Append(new string('─', numberPadding + 2));
+                sb.Append('┴');
+                sb.Append(new string('─', codePadding + 2));
+                sb.Append('╯');
+            }
+
+            if (Help != null)
+            {
+                sb.AppendLine();
+                sb.Append(ConsoleColors.Colorize($"help: {Help}", ConsoleColors.Cyan));
+            }
+
+            return sb.ToString();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e)
         {
-            sb.AppendLine();
+            return ConsoleColors.Colorize("Failed to generate error message", ConsoleColors.Red);
-            sb.Append(ConsoleColors.Colorize($"help: {Help}", ConsoleColors.Cyan));
         }
-
-        return sb.ToString();
     }
 
     private static string ApplySyntaxHighlighting(string line, int lineNumber, List<Token> tokens)

compiler/NubLang/Generation/CGenerator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+using NubLang.Ast;
+
+namespace NubLang.Generation;
+
+public class CGenerator
+{
+    private readonly List<DefinitionNode> _definitions;
+    private readonly HashSet<NubStructType> _structTypes;
+    private readonly CWriter _writer;
+
+    public CGenerator(List<DefinitionNode> definitions, HashSet<NubStructType> structTypes)
+    {
+        _definitions = definitions;
+        _structTypes = structTypes;
+        _writer = new CWriter();
+    }
+
+    private static string MapType(NubType nubType)
+    {
+        return nubType switch
+        {
+            NubArrayType => "uintptr_t",
+            NubBoolType => "bool",
+            NubCStringType => "char*",
+            NubFloatType floatType => floatType.Width switch
+            {
+                32 => "f32",
+                64 => "f64",
+                _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
+            },
+            NubFuncType => "uintptr_t",
+            NubIntType intType => intType.Signed switch
+            {
+                true => intType.Width switch
+                {
+                    8 => "i8",
+                    16 => "i16",
+                    32 => "i32",
+                    64 => "i64",
+                    _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
+                },
+                false => intType.Width switch
+                {
+                    8 => "u8",
+                    16 => "u16",
+                    32 => "u32",
+                    64 => "u64",
+                    _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
+                },
+            },
+            NubPointerType => "uintptr_t",
+            NubStringType => "uintptr_t",
+            NubStructType structType => StructName(structType.Module, structType.Name),
+            NubVoidType => "void",
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(nubType))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static string FuncName(string module, string name, string? externSymbol)
+    {
+        return externSymbol ?? $"{module}_{name}";
+    }
+
+    private static string StructName(string module, string name)
+    {
+        return $"{module}_{name}";
+    }
+
+    private static string StructFuncName(string module, string name, string function)
+    {
+        return $"{module}_{name}_{function}";
+    }
+
+    public string Emit()
+    {
+        _writer.WriteLine("""
+                          typedef __builtin_va_list va_list;
+
+                          #define va_start(ap, last) __builtin_va_start(ap, last)
+                          #define va_arg(ap, type) __builtin_va_arg(ap, type)
+                          #define va_end(ap) __builtin_va_end(ap)
+                          #define va_copy(dest, src) __builtin_va_copy(dest, src)
+
+                          #define NULL ((void*)0)
+
+                          typedef unsigned long size_t;
+                          typedef unsigned long uintptr_t;
+
+                          #define offsetof(type, member) __builtin_offsetof(type, member)
+
+                          typedef unsigned char u8;
+                          typedef signed char i8;
+                          typedef unsigned short u16;
+                          typedef signed short i16;
+                          typedef unsigned int u32;
+                          typedef signed int i32;
+                          typedef unsigned long long u64;
+                          typedef signed long long i64;
+
+                          typedef float f32;
+                          typedef double f64;
+
+                          #define I8_C(x) x
+                          #define U8_C(x) x##U
+
+                          #define I16_C(x) x
+                          #define U16_C(x) x##U
+
+                          #define I32_C(x) x
+                          #define U32_C(x) x##U
+
+                          #define I64_C(x) x##LL
+                          #define U64_C(x) x##ULL
+                          """);
+        _writer.WriteLine();
+
+        _writer.WriteLine("// Struct definitions");
+        foreach (var structType in _structTypes)
+        {
+            _writer.WriteLine("typedef struct");
+            _writer.WriteLine("{");
+            using (_writer.Indent())
+            {
+                foreach (var field in structType.Fields)
+                {
+                    _writer.WriteLine($"{MapType(field.Type)} {field.Name};");
+                }
+            }
+
+            _writer.WriteLine($"}} {StructName(structType.Module, structType.Name)};");
+            _writer.WriteLine();
+        }
+
+        _writer.WriteLine("// Function declarations");
+        foreach (var funcNode in _definitions.OfType<FuncNode>())
+        {
+            var parameters = funcNode.Signature.Parameters.Count != 0
+                ? string.Join(", ", funcNode.Signature.Parameters.Select(x => $"{MapType(x.Type)} {x.Name}"))
+                : "void";
+
+            var name = FuncName(funcNode.Module, funcNode.Name, funcNode.ExternSymbol);
+            _writer.WriteLine($"{MapType(funcNode.Signature.ReturnType)} {name}({parameters});");
+        }
+
+        _writer.WriteLine();
+
+        _writer.WriteLine("// Struct function implementations");
+        foreach (var structNode in _definitions.OfType<StructNode>())
+        {
+            _writer.WriteLine($"// {structNode.Module}::{structNode.Name}");
+            foreach (var structFuncNode in structNode.Functions)
+            {
+                var parameters = structFuncNode.Signature.Parameters.Count != 0
+                    ? string.Join(", ", structFuncNode.Signature.Parameters.Select(x => $"{MapType(x.Type)} {x.Name}"))
+                    : "void";
+
+                var name = StructFuncName(structNode.Module, structNode.Name, structFuncNode.Name);
+                _writer.WriteLine($"{MapType(structFuncNode.Signature.ReturnType)} {name}({parameters})");
+                EmitBlock(structFuncNode.Body);
+            }
+        }
+
+        _writer.WriteLine();
+
+        _writer.WriteLine("// Function implementations");
+        foreach (var funcNode in _definitions.OfType<FuncNode>())
+        {
+            if (funcNode.Body == null) continue;
+
+            var parameters = funcNode.Signature.Parameters.Count != 0
+                ? string.Join(", ", funcNode.Signature.Parameters.Select(x => $"{MapType(x.Type)} {x.Name}"))
+                : "void";
+
+            if (funcNode.ExternSymbol == null)
+            {
+                _writer.Write("static ");
+            }
+
+            var name = FuncName(funcNode.Module, funcNode.Name, funcNode.ExternSymbol);
+            _writer.WriteLine($"{MapType(funcNode.Signature.ReturnType)} {name}({parameters})");
+            EmitBlock(funcNode.Body);
+            _writer.WriteLine();
+        }
+
+        return _writer.ToString();
+    }
+
+    private void EmitStatement(StatementNode statementNode)
+    {
+        switch (statementNode)
+        {
+            case AssignmentNode assignmentNode:
+                EmitAssignment(assignmentNode);
+                break;
+            case BlockNode blockNode:
+                EmitBlock(blockNode);
+                break;
+            case BreakNode breakNode:
+                EmitBreak(breakNode);
+                break;
+            case ContinueNode continueNode:
+                EmitContinue(continueNode);
+                break;
+            case DeferNode deferNode:
+                EmitDefer(deferNode);
+                break;
+            case IfNode ifNode:
+                EmitIf(ifNode);
+                break;
+            case ReturnNode returnNode:
+                EmitReturn(returnNode);
+                break;
+            case StatementFuncCallNode statementFuncCallNode:
+                EmitStatementFuncCall(statementFuncCallNode);
+                break;
+            case StatementStructFuncCallNode statementStructFuncCallNode:
+                EmitStatementStructFuncCall(statementStructFuncCallNode);
+                break;
+            case VariableDeclarationNode variableDeclarationNode:
+                EmitVariableDeclaration(variableDeclarationNode);
+                break;
+            case WhileNode whileNode:
+                EmitWhile(whileNode);
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(statementNode));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitAssignment(AssignmentNode assignmentNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private void EmitBreak(BreakNode breakNode)
+    {
+        _writer.WriteLine("break;");
+    }
+
+    private void EmitContinue(ContinueNode continueNode)
+    {
+        _writer.WriteLine("continue;");
+    }
+
+    private void EmitDefer(DeferNode deferNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private void EmitIf(IfNode ifNode)
+    {
+        var condition = EmitExpression(ifNode.Condition);
+        _writer.WriteLine($"if ({condition})");
+        EmitBlock(ifNode.Body);
+        ifNode.Else?.Match
+        (
+            elseIfNode =>
+            {
+                _writer.Write("else ");
+                EmitIf(elseIfNode);
+            },
+            elseNode =>
+            {
+                _writer.WriteLine("else");
+                EmitBlock(elseNode);
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    private void EmitReturn(ReturnNode returnNode)
+    {
+        if (returnNode.Value == null)
+        {
+            _writer.WriteLine("return;");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            var returnValue = EmitExpression(returnNode.Value);
+            _writer.WriteLine($"return {returnValue};");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitStatementFuncCall(StatementFuncCallNode statementFuncCallNode)
+    {
+        var funcCall = EmitFuncCall(statementFuncCallNode.FuncCall);
+        _writer.WriteLine($"{funcCall};");
+    }
+
+    private void EmitStatementStructFuncCall(StatementStructFuncCallNode statementStructFuncCallNode)
+    {
+        var structFuncCall = EmitStructFuncCall(statementStructFuncCallNode.StructFuncCall);
+        _writer.WriteLine($"{structFuncCall};");
+    }
+
+    private void EmitVariableDeclaration(VariableDeclarationNode variableDeclarationNode)
+    {
+        if (variableDeclarationNode.Assignment != null)
+        {
+            var value = EmitExpression(variableDeclarationNode.Assignment);
+            _writer.WriteLine($"{MapType(variableDeclarationNode.Type)} {variableDeclarationNode.Name} = {value};");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _writer.WriteLine($"{MapType(variableDeclarationNode.Type)} {variableDeclarationNode.Name};");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitWhile(WhileNode whileNode)
+    {
+        var condition = EmitExpression(whileNode.Condition);
+        _writer.WriteLine($"while ({condition})");
+        EmitBlock(whileNode.Body);
+    }
+
+    private string EmitExpression(ExpressionNode expressionNode)
+    {
+        return expressionNode switch
+        {
+            ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccessNode => EmitArrayIndexAccess(arrayIndexAccessNode),
+            ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializerNode => EmitArrayInitializer(arrayInitializerNode),
+            BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpressionNode => EmitBinaryExpression(binaryExpressionNode),
+            BoolLiteralNode boolLiteralNode => EmitBoolLiteral(boolLiteralNode),
+            ConvertFloatNode convertFloatNode => EmitConvertFloat(convertFloatNode),
+            ConvertIntNode convertIntNode => EmitConvertInt(convertIntNode),
+            CStringLiteralNode cStringLiteralNode => EmitCStringLiteral(cStringLiteralNode),
+            DereferenceNode dereferenceNode => EmitDereference(dereferenceNode),
+            Float32LiteralNode float32LiteralNode => EmitFloat32Literal(float32LiteralNode),
+            Float64LiteralNode float64LiteralNode => EmitFloat64Literal(float64LiteralNode),
+            FloatToIntBuiltinNode floatToIntBuiltinNode => EmitFloatToIntBuiltin(floatToIntBuiltinNode),
+            FuncCallNode funcCallNode => EmitFuncCall(funcCallNode),
+            FuncIdentifierNode funcIdentifierNode => EmitFuncIdentifier(funcIdentifierNode),
+            IntLiteralNode intLiteralNode => EmitIntLiteral(intLiteralNode),
+            AddressOfNode addressOfNode => EmitAddressOf(addressOfNode),
+            LValueIdentifierNode lValueIdentifierNode => EmitLValueIdentifier(lValueIdentifierNode),
+            RValueIdentifierNode rValueIdentifierNode => EmitRValueIdentifier(rValueIdentifierNode),
+            SizeBuiltinNode sizeBuiltinNode => EmitSizeBuiltin(sizeBuiltinNode),
+            StringLiteralNode stringLiteralNode => EmitStringLiteral(stringLiteralNode),
+            StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccessNode => EmitStructFieldAccess(structFieldAccessNode),
+            StructFuncCallNode structFuncCallNode => EmitStructFuncCall(structFuncCallNode),
+            StructInitializerNode structInitializerNode => EmitStructInitializer(structInitializerNode),
+            UIntLiteralNode uIntLiteralNode => EmitUIntLiteral(uIntLiteralNode),
+            UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpressionNode => EmitUnaryExpression(unaryExpressionNode),
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(expressionNode))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string EmitArrayIndexAccess(ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccessNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitArrayInitializer(ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializerNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitBinaryExpression(BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpressionNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitBoolLiteral(BoolLiteralNode boolLiteralNode)
+    {
+        return boolLiteralNode.Value ? "true" : "false";
+    }
+
+    private string EmitConvertFloat(ConvertFloatNode convertFloatNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitConvertInt(ConvertIntNode convertIntNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitCStringLiteral(CStringLiteralNode cStringLiteralNode)
+    {
+        return $"\"{cStringLiteralNode.Value}\"";
+    }
+
+    private string EmitDereference(DereferenceNode dereferenceNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitFloat32Literal(Float32LiteralNode float32LiteralNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitFloat64Literal(Float64LiteralNode float64LiteralNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitFloatToIntBuiltin(FloatToIntBuiltinNode floatToIntBuiltinNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitFuncCall(FuncCallNode funcCallNode)
+    {
+        var name = EmitExpression(funcCallNode.Expression);
+        var parameterNames = funcCallNode.Parameters.Select(EmitExpression).ToList();
+        return name + "(" + string.Join(", ", parameterNames) + ")";
+    }
+
+    private string EmitFuncIdentifier(FuncIdentifierNode funcIdentifierNode)
+    {
+        return FuncName(funcIdentifierNode.Module, funcIdentifierNode.Name, funcIdentifierNode.ExternSymbol);
+    }
+
+    private string EmitIntLiteral(IntLiteralNode intLiteralNode)
+    {
+        var type = (NubIntType)intLiteralNode.Type;
+        return type.Width switch
+        {
+            8 => $"I8_C({intLiteralNode.Value})",
+            16 => $"I16_C({intLiteralNode.Value})",
+            32 => $"I32_C({intLiteralNode.Value})",
+            64 => $"I64_C({intLiteralNode.Value})",
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string EmitAddressOf(AddressOfNode addressOfNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitLValueIdentifier(LValueIdentifierNode lValueIdentifierNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitRValueIdentifier(RValueIdentifierNode rValueIdentifierNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitSizeBuiltin(SizeBuiltinNode sizeBuiltinNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitStringLiteral(StringLiteralNode stringLiteralNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitStructFieldAccess(StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccessNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string EmitStructFuncCall(StructFuncCallNode structFuncCallNode)
+    {
+        var name = StructFuncName(structFuncCallNode.Module, structFuncCallNode.StructName, structFuncCallNode.FuncName);
+        var parameterNames = structFuncCallNode.Parameters.Select(EmitExpression).ToList();
+        return name + "(" + string.Join(", ", parameterNames) + ")";
+    }
+
+    private string EmitStructInitializer(StructInitializerNode structInitializerNode)
+    {
+        var initValues = new List<string>();
+        foreach (var initializer in structInitializerNode.Initializers)
+        {
+            var value = EmitExpression(initializer.Value);
+            initValues.Add($".{initializer.Key} = {value}");
+        }
+
+        var initString = initValues.Count == 0
+            ? "0"
+            : string.Join(", ", initValues);
+
+        return $"({MapType(structInitializerNode.Type)}){{ {initString} }}";
+    }
+
+    private string EmitUIntLiteral(UIntLiteralNode uIntLiteralNode)
+    {
+        var type = (NubIntType)uIntLiteralNode.Type;
+        return type.Width switch
+        {
+            8 => $"U8_C({uIntLiteralNode.Value})",
+            16 => $"U16_C({uIntLiteralNode.Value})",
+            32 => $"U32_C({uIntLiteralNode.Value})",
+            64 => $"U64_C({uIntLiteralNode.Value})",
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string EmitUnaryExpression(UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpressionNode)
+    {
+        var value = EmitExpression(unaryExpressionNode.Operand);
+
+        return unaryExpressionNode.Operator switch
+        {
+            UnaryOperator.Negate => $"-{value}",
+            UnaryOperator.Invert => $"!{value}",
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
+        };
+    }
+
+    private void EmitBlock(BlockNode blockNode)
+    {
+        _writer.WriteLine("{");
+        using (_writer.Indent())
+        {
+            foreach (var statementNode in blockNode.Statements)
+            {
+                EmitStatement(statementNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        _writer.WriteLine("}");
+    }
+}

compiler/NubLang/Generation/CWriter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace NubLang.Generation;
+
+internal class CWriter
+{
+    private readonly StringBuilder _builder = new();
+    private int _indentLevel;
+
+    public IDisposable Indent()
+    {
+        _indentLevel++;
+        return new IndentScope(this);
+    }
+
+    public void WriteLine(string text)
+    {
+        WriteIndent();
+        _builder.AppendLine(text);
+    }
+
+    public void Write(string text)
+    {
+        WriteIndent();
+        _builder.Append(text);
+    }
+
+    public void WriteLine()
+    {
+        _builder.AppendLine();
+    }
+
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        return _builder.ToString();
+    }
+
+    private void WriteIndent()
+    {
+        if (_builder.Length > 0)
+        {
+            var lastChar = _builder[^1];
+            if (lastChar != '\n' && lastChar != '\r')
+                return;
+        }
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < _indentLevel; i++)
+        {
+            _builder.Append("    ");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class IndentScope : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly CWriter _writer;
+        private bool _disposed;
+
+        public IndentScope(CWriter writer)
+        {
+            _writer = writer;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            if (_disposed) return;
+            _writer._indentLevel--;
+            _disposed = true;
+        }
+    }
+}

compiler/NubLang/Syntax/Parser.cs

@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ public sealed class Parser
             }
             else
             {
-                elseStatement = (Variant<IfSyntax, BlockSyntax>)ParseBlock(elseStartIndex);
+                elseStatement = (Variant<IfSyntax, BlockSyntax>)ParseBlock();
             }
         }
 

examples/hello-world/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.build
+out.a
+out

examples/hello-world/main.nub

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+module "main"
+
+extern "puts" func puts(text: cstring)
+
+struct Human
+{
+    name: cstring
+
+    func print()
+    {
+        puts("human")
+    }
+}
+
+extern "main" func main(args: []cstring): i64
+{
+    puts("test")
+    let test: Human = {
+        name = "uwu"
+    } 
+
+    if false
+    {
+        puts("uwu")
+    }
+
+    while true
+    {
+        puts("count")
+    }
+
+    test.print()
+    return 0
+}

examples/hello-world/makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+NUBC = ../../compiler/NubLang.CLI/bin/Debug/net9.0/nubc
+
+out: .build/out.o
+	gcc -nostartfiles -lm -o out x86_64.s .build/out.o
+
+.build/out.o: $(NUBC) main.nub
+	$(NUBC) main.nub
+
+.PHONY: $(NUBC)
+$(NUBC):
+	dotnet build ../../compiler/NubLang.CLI/NubLang.CLI.csproj
+
+clean:
+	@rm -r .build 2>/dev/null || true
+	@rm out 2>/dev/null || true

examples/hello-world/x86_64.s

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+.intel_syntax noprefix
+
+.text
+.globl _start
+_start:
+    mov rdi, rsp
+    call main
+    mov rdi, rax
+    mov rax, 60
+    syscall