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nub-lang-archive-2/src/compiler/NubLang/Generation/QBE/QBEGenerator.cs
nub31 edccffd618 ...
2025-09-08 17:41:08 +02:00

1349 lines
44 KiB
C#

using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Text;
using NubLang.Tokenization;
using NubLang.TypeChecking.Node;
namespace NubLang.Generation.QBE;
public class QBEGenerator
{
private readonly TypedSyntaxTree _syntaxTree;
private readonly TypedDefinitionTable _definitionTable;
private readonly QBEWriter _writer;
private readonly List<CStringLiteral> _cStringLiterals = [];
private readonly List<StringLiteral> _stringLiterals = [];
private readonly Stack<string> _breakLabels = [];
private readonly Stack<string> _continueLabels = [];
private readonly Stack<Scope> _scopes = [];
private int _tmpIndex;
private int _labelIndex;
private int _cStringLiteralIndex;
private int _stringLiteralIndex;
private bool _codeIsReachable = true;
private Scope Scope => _scopes.Peek();
public QBEGenerator(TypedSyntaxTree syntaxTree, TypedDefinitionTable definitionTable)
{
_syntaxTree = syntaxTree;
_definitionTable = definitionTable;
_writer = new QBEWriter();
}
public string Emit()
{
_cStringLiterals.Clear();
_stringLiterals.Clear();
_breakLabels.Clear();
_continueLabels.Clear();
_scopes.Clear();
_tmpIndex = 0;
_labelIndex = 0;
_cStringLiteralIndex = 0;
_stringLiteralIndex = 0;
_codeIsReachable = true;
foreach (var structDef in _definitionTable.GetStructs())
{
EmitStructTypeDefinition(structDef);
_writer.NewLine();
}
foreach (var structDef in _syntaxTree.Definitions.OfType<StructNode>())
{
EmitStructDefinition(structDef);
_writer.NewLine();
}
foreach (var funcDef in _syntaxTree.Definitions.OfType<LocalFuncNode>())
{
EmitLocalFuncDefinition(funcDef);
_writer.NewLine();
}
foreach (var structDef in _syntaxTree.Definitions.OfType<StructNode>().Where(x => x.InterfaceImplementations.Count > 0))
{
_writer.Write($"data {StructVtableName(structDef.Name)} = {{ ");
foreach (var interfaceImplementation in structDef.InterfaceImplementations)
{
var interfaceDef = _definitionTable.LookupInterface(interfaceImplementation.Name);
foreach (var func in interfaceDef.Functions)
{
_writer.Write($"l {StructFuncName(structDef.Name, func.Name)}, ");
}
}
_writer.WriteLine("}");
}
foreach (var cStringLiteral in _cStringLiterals)
{
_writer.WriteLine($"data {cStringLiteral.Name} = {{ b \"{cStringLiteral.Value}\", b 0 }}");
}
foreach (var stringLiteral in _stringLiterals)
{
var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(stringLiteral.Value).Select(b => $"b {b}");
_writer.WriteLine($"data {stringLiteral.Name} = {{ l {stringLiteral.Value.Length}, {string.Join(", ", bytes)} }}");
}
return _writer.ToString();
}
private static string QBEAssign(TypeNode type)
{
if (type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out _))
{
return simpleType.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.I8 or StorageSize.U8 or StorageSize.I16 or StorageSize.U16 or StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 => "=w",
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 => "=l",
StorageSize.F32 => "=s",
StorageSize.F64 => "=d",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(simpleType.StorageSize))
};
}
return "=l";
}
private void EmitStore(TypeNode type, string value, string destination)
{
string store;
if (type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out _))
{
store = simpleType.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.I8 or StorageSize.U8 => "storeb",
StorageSize.I16 or StorageSize.U16 => "storeh",
StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 => "storew",
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 => "storel",
StorageSize.F32 => "stores",
StorageSize.F64 => "stored",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(simpleType.StorageSize))
};
}
else
{
store = "storel";
}
_writer.Indented($"{store} {value}, {destination}");
}
private string EmitLoad(TypeNode type, string from)
{
string load;
if (type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out _))
{
load = simpleType.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 => "loadl",
StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 => "loadw",
StorageSize.I16 => "loadsh",
StorageSize.I8 => "loadsb",
StorageSize.U16 => "loaduh",
StorageSize.U8 => "loadub",
StorageSize.F64 => "loadd",
StorageSize.F32 => "loads",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(simpleType.StorageSize))
};
}
else
{
load = "loadl";
}
var into = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{into} {QBEAssign(type)} {load} {from}");
return into;
}
private void EmitMemcpy(string source, string destination, string length)
{
_writer.Indented($"call $nub_memcpy(l {source}, l {destination}, l {length})");
}
private string EmitArraySizeInBytes(ArrayTypeNode type, string array)
{
var size = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{size} =l loadl {array}");
_writer.Indented($"{size} =l mul {size}, {SizeOf(type.ElementType)}");
_writer.Indented($"{size} =l add {size}, 8");
return size;
}
private string EmitCStringSizeInBytes(string cstring)
{
var size = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{size} =l call $nub_cstring_length(l {cstring})");
_writer.Indented($"{size} =l add {size}, 1");
return size;
}
private string EmitStringSizeInBytes(string nubstring)
{
var size = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{size} =l loadl {nubstring}");
_writer.Indented($"{size} =l add {size}, 8");
return size;
}
private bool EmitTryMoveInto(ExpressionNode source, string destinationLValue)
{
switch (source)
{
case ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializer:
{
EmitStore(source.Type, EmitArrayInitializer(arrayInitializer), destinationLValue);
return true;
}
case StructInitializerNode structInitializer:
{
EmitStructInitializer(structInitializer, destinationLValue);
return true;
}
case InterfaceInitializerNode interfaceInitializer:
{
EmitInterfaceInitializer(interfaceInitializer, destinationLValue);
return true;
}
case LiteralNode { Kind: LiteralKind.String } literal:
{
EmitStore(source.Type, EmitLiteral(literal), destinationLValue);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
private void EmitCopyIntoOrInitialize(ExpressionNode source, string destinationLValue)
{
// If the source is a value which is not used yet such as an array/struct initializer or literal, we can skip copying
if (EmitTryMoveInto(source, destinationLValue))
{
return;
}
var value = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(source));
if (source.Type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out var complexType))
{
EmitStore(simpleType, value, destinationLValue);
}
else
{
if (complexType is StructTypeNode or InterfaceTypeNode)
{
EmitMemcpy(value, destinationLValue, SizeOf(complexType).ToString());
}
else
{
var size = complexType switch
{
ArrayTypeNode arrayType => EmitArraySizeInBytes(arrayType, value),
CStringTypeNode => EmitCStringSizeInBytes(value),
StringTypeNode => EmitStringSizeInBytes(value),
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(source.Type))
};
var buffer = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{buffer} =l alloc8 {size}");
EmitMemcpy(value, buffer, size);
EmitStore(complexType, buffer, destinationLValue);
}
}
}
private bool EmitTryCreateWithoutCopy(ExpressionNode source, [NotNullWhen(true)] out string? destination)
{
switch (source)
{
case ArrayInitializerNode:
case StructInitializerNode:
case InterfaceInitializerNode:
case LiteralNode { Kind: LiteralKind.String }:
{
destination = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(source));
return true;
}
}
destination = null;
return false;
}
private string EmitCreateCopyOrInitialize(ExpressionNode source)
{
// If the source is a value which is not used yet such as an array/struct/interface initializer or literal, we can skip copying
if (EmitTryCreateWithoutCopy(source, out var uncopiedValue))
{
return uncopiedValue;
}
var value = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(source));
if (source.Type.IsSimpleType(out _, out var complexType))
{
// Simple types are passed in registers and are therefore always copied
return value;
}
var size = complexType switch
{
ArrayTypeNode arrayType => EmitArraySizeInBytes(arrayType, value),
CStringTypeNode => EmitCStringSizeInBytes(value),
StringTypeNode => EmitStringSizeInBytes(value),
InterfaceTypeNode interfaceType => SizeOf(interfaceType).ToString(),
StructTypeNode structType => SizeOf(structType).ToString(),
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(source.Type))
};
var destination = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{destination} =l alloc8 {size}");
EmitMemcpy(value, destination, size);
return destination;
}
// Utility to create QBE type names for function parameters and return types
private string FuncQBETypeName(TypeNode type)
{
if (type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out var complexType))
{
return simpleType.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 => "l",
StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 => "w",
StorageSize.I16 => "sh",
StorageSize.I8 => "sb",
StorageSize.U16 => "uh",
StorageSize.U8 => "ub",
StorageSize.F64 => "d",
StorageSize.F32 => "s",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
};
}
if (complexType is StructTypeNode structType)
{
return StructTypeName(structType.Name);
}
return "l";
}
private void EmitLocalFuncDefinition(LocalFuncNode funcDef)
{
_labelIndex = 0;
_tmpIndex = 0;
_writer.Write("export function ");
if (funcDef.Signature.ReturnType is not VoidTypeNode)
{
_writer.Write(FuncQBETypeName(funcDef.Signature.ReturnType) + ' ');
}
_writer.Write(LocalFuncName(funcDef));
_writer.Write("(");
foreach (var parameter in funcDef.Signature.Parameters)
{
_writer.Write(FuncQBETypeName(parameter.Type) + $" %{parameter.Name}");
}
_writer.WriteLine(") {");
_writer.WriteLine("@start");
var scope = new Scope();
foreach (var parameter in funcDef.Signature.Parameters)
{
scope.Declare(parameter.Name, new Val("%" + parameter.Name, parameter.Type, false));
}
EmitBlock(funcDef.Body, scope);
// Implicit return for void functions if no explicit return has been set
if (funcDef.Signature.ReturnType is VoidTypeNode && funcDef.Body.Statements is [.., not ReturnNode])
{
_writer.Indented("ret");
}
_writer.WriteLine("}");
}
private void EmitStructDefinition(StructNode structDef)
{
for (var i = 0; i < structDef.Functions.Count; i++)
{
var function = structDef.Functions[i];
_labelIndex = 0;
_tmpIndex = 0;
_writer.Write("export function ");
if (function.Signature.ReturnType is not VoidTypeNode)
{
_writer.Write(FuncQBETypeName(function.Signature.ReturnType) + ' ');
}
_writer.Write(StructFuncName(structDef.Name, function.Name));
_writer.Write("(l %this, ");
foreach (var parameter in function.Signature.Parameters)
{
_writer.Write(FuncQBETypeName(parameter.Type) + $" %{parameter.Name}, ");
}
_writer.WriteLine(") {");
_writer.WriteLine("@start");
var scope = new Scope();
scope.Declare("this", new Val("%this", structDef.Type, false));
foreach (var parameter in function.Signature.Parameters)
{
scope.Declare(parameter.Name, new Val("%" + parameter.Name, parameter.Type, false));
}
EmitBlock(function.Body, scope);
// Implicit return for void functions if no explicit return has been set
if (function.Signature.ReturnType is VoidTypeNode && function.Body.Statements is [.., not ReturnNode])
{
_writer.Indented("ret");
}
_writer.WriteLine("}");
if (i != structDef.Functions.Count - 1)
{
_writer.NewLine();
}
}
}
private void EmitStructTypeDefinition(StructNode structDef)
{
_writer.WriteLine($"type {StructTypeName(structDef.Name)} = {{ ");
var types = new Dictionary<string, string>();
foreach (var field in structDef.Fields)
{
types.Add(field.Name, StructDefQBEType(field));
}
var longest = types.Values.Max(x => x.Length);
foreach (var (name, type) in types)
{
var padding = longest - type.Length;
_writer.Indented($"{type},{new string(' ', padding)} # {name}");
}
_writer.WriteLine("}");
return;
string StructDefQBEType(StructFieldNode field)
{
if (field.Type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out var complexType))
{
return simpleType.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 => "l",
StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 => "w",
StorageSize.I16 or StorageSize.U16 => "h",
StorageSize.I8 or StorageSize.U8 => "b",
StorageSize.F64 => "d",
StorageSize.F32 => "s",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
};
}
if (complexType is StructTypeNode structType)
{
return StructTypeName(structType.Name);
}
return "l";
}
}
private void EmitBlock(BlockNode block, Scope? scope = null)
{
_scopes.Push(scope ?? Scope.SubScope());
foreach (var statement in block.Statements)
{
if (_codeIsReachable)
{
EmitStatement(statement);
}
}
_scopes.Pop();
_codeIsReachable = true;
}
private void EmitStatement(StatementNode statement)
{
switch (statement)
{
case AssignmentNode assignment:
EmitAssignment(assignment);
break;
case BreakNode:
EmitBreak();
break;
case ContinueNode:
EmitContinue();
break;
case IfNode ifStatement:
EmitIf(ifStatement);
break;
case ReturnNode @return:
EmitReturn(@return);
break;
case StatementExpressionNode statementExpression:
EmitExpression(statementExpression.Expression);
break;
case VariableDeclarationNode variableDeclaration:
EmitVariableDeclaration(variableDeclaration);
break;
case WhileNode whileStatement:
EmitWhile(whileStatement);
break;
default:
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(statement));
}
}
private void EmitAssignment(AssignmentNode assignment)
{
if (!assignment.Target.IsLValue)
{
throw new UnreachableException("Destination of assignment must be an lvalue. This should have been caught in the type checker");
}
var destination = EmitExpression(assignment.Target);
EmitCopyIntoOrInitialize(assignment.Value, destination.Name);
}
private void EmitBreak()
{
_writer.Indented($"jmp {_breakLabels.Peek()}");
_codeIsReachable = false;
}
private void EmitContinue()
{
_writer.Indented($"jmp {_continueLabels.Peek()}");
_codeIsReachable = false;
}
private void EmitIf(IfNode ifStatement)
{
var trueLabel = LabelName();
var falseLabel = LabelName();
var endLabel = LabelName();
var result = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(ifStatement.Condition));
_writer.Indented($"jnz {result}, {trueLabel}, {falseLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(trueLabel);
EmitBlock(ifStatement.Body);
_writer.Indented($"jmp {endLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(falseLabel);
if (ifStatement.Else.HasValue)
{
ifStatement.Else.Value.Match
(
elseIfNode => EmitIf(elseIfNode),
elseNode => EmitBlock(elseNode)
);
}
_writer.WriteLine(endLabel);
}
private void EmitReturn(ReturnNode @return)
{
if (@return.Value.HasValue)
{
var result = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(@return.Value.Value));
_writer.Indented($"ret {result}");
}
else
{
_writer.Indented("ret");
}
}
private void EmitVariableDeclaration(VariableDeclarationNode variableDeclaration)
{
var name = $"%{variableDeclaration.Name}";
_writer.Indented($"{name} =l alloc8 8");
if (variableDeclaration.Assignment.HasValue)
{
var value = EmitCreateCopyOrInitialize(variableDeclaration.Assignment.Value);
EmitStore(variableDeclaration.Assignment.Value.Type, value, name);
}
Scope.Declare(variableDeclaration.Name, new Val(name, variableDeclaration.Type, true));
}
private void EmitWhile(WhileNode whileStatement)
{
var conditionLabel = LabelName();
var iterationLabel = LabelName();
var endLabel = LabelName();
_breakLabels.Push(endLabel);
_continueLabels.Push(conditionLabel);
_writer.Indented($"jmp {conditionLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(iterationLabel);
EmitBlock(whileStatement.Body);
_writer.WriteLine(conditionLabel);
var result = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(whileStatement.Condition));
_writer.Indented($"jnz {result}, {iterationLabel}, {endLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(endLabel);
_continueLabels.Pop();
_breakLabels.Pop();
}
private Val EmitExpression(ExpressionNode expression)
{
var value = expression switch
{
ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializer => EmitArrayInitializer(arrayInitializer),
StructInitializerNode structInitializer => EmitStructInitializer(structInitializer),
AddressOfNode addressOf => EmitAddressOf(addressOf),
DereferenceNode dereference => EmitDereference(dereference),
BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression => EmitBinaryExpression(binaryExpression),
FuncCallNode funcCallExpression => EmitFuncCall(funcCallExpression),
InterfaceFuncCallNode interfaceFuncCall => EmitInterfaceFuncCall(interfaceFuncCall),
InterfaceInitializerNode interfaceInitializer => EmitInterfaceInitializer(interfaceInitializer),
ExternFuncIdentNode externFuncIdent => EmitExternFuncIdent(externFuncIdent),
LocalFuncIdentNode localFuncIdent => EmitLocalFuncIdent(localFuncIdent),
VariableIdentNode variableIdent => EmitVariableIdent(variableIdent),
LiteralNode literal => EmitLiteral(literal),
UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpression => EmitUnaryExpression(unaryExpression),
StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccess => EmitStructFieldAccess(structFieldAccess),
StructFuncCallNode structFuncCall => EmitStructFuncCall(structFuncCall),
ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndex => EmitArrayIndexAccess(arrayIndex),
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(expression))
};
return new Val(value, expression.Type, expression.IsLValue);
}
private string EmitArrayIndexAccess(ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccess)
{
var array = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccess.Target));
var index = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccess.Index));
EmitArraysCheck(array, index);
var elementType = ((ArrayTypeNode)arrayIndexAccess.Target.Type).ElementType;
var pointer = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{pointer} =l mul {index}, {SizeOf(elementType)}");
_writer.Indented($"{pointer} =l add {pointer}, 8");
_writer.Indented($"{pointer} =l add {array}, {pointer}");
return pointer;
}
private void EmitArraysCheck(string array, string index)
{
var count = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{count} =l loadl {array}");
var isNegative = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{isNegative} =w csltl {index}, 0");
var isOob = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{isOob} =w csgel {index}, {count}");
var anyOob = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{anyOob} =w or {isNegative}, {isOob}");
var oobLabel = LabelName();
var notOobLabel = LabelName();
_writer.Indented($"jnz {anyOob}, {oobLabel}, {notOobLabel}");
_writer.Indented(oobLabel);
_writer.Indented($"call $nub_panic_array_oob()");
_writer.Indented(notOobLabel);
}
private string EmitArrayInitializer(ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializer)
{
var capacity = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayInitializer.Capacity));
var elementSize = SizeOf(arrayInitializer.ElementType);
var capacityInBytes = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{capacityInBytes} =l mul {capacity}, {elementSize}");
var totalSize = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{totalSize} =l add {capacityInBytes}, 8");
var arrayPointer = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{arrayPointer} =l alloc8 {totalSize}");
_writer.Indented($"storel {capacity}, {arrayPointer}");
var dataPointer = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{dataPointer} =l add {arrayPointer}, 8");
_writer.Indented($"call $nub_memset(l {dataPointer}, w 0, l {capacityInBytes})");
return arrayPointer;
}
private string EmitDereference(DereferenceNode dereference)
{
return EmitLoad(dereference.Type, EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(dereference.Expression)));
}
private string EmitAddressOf(AddressOfNode addressOf)
{
var value = EmitExpression(addressOf.Expression);
if (!value.IsLValue)
{
throw new UnreachableException("Tried to take address of rvalue. This should have been caught in the type checker");
}
return value.Name;
}
private string EmitBinaryExpression(BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression)
{
var left = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(binaryExpression.Left));
var right = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(binaryExpression.Right));
var outputName = TmpName();
var instruction = EmitBinaryInstructionFor(binaryExpression.Operator, binaryExpression.Left.Type, left, right);
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} {QBEAssign(binaryExpression.Left.Type)} {instruction} {left}, {right}");
return outputName;
}
private string EmitBinaryInstructionFor(BinaryOperator op, TypeNode type, string left, string right)
{
if (op is
BinaryOperator.Equal or
BinaryOperator.NotEqual or
BinaryOperator.GreaterThan or
BinaryOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual or
BinaryOperator.LessThan or
BinaryOperator.LessThanOrEqual)
{
char suffix;
if (!type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out _))
{
throw new NotSupportedException("Binary operations is only supported for simple types.");
}
switch (simpleType.StorageSize)
{
case StorageSize.I8:
_writer.Indented($"{left} =w extsb {left}");
_writer.Indented($"{right} =w extsb {right}");
suffix = 'w';
break;
case StorageSize.U8:
_writer.Indented($"{left} =w extub {left}");
_writer.Indented($"{right} =w extub {right}");
suffix = 'w';
break;
case StorageSize.I16:
_writer.Indented($"{left} =w extsh {left}");
_writer.Indented($"{right} =w extsh {right}");
suffix = 'w';
break;
case StorageSize.U16:
_writer.Indented($"{left} =w extuh {left}");
_writer.Indented($"{right} =w extuh {right}");
suffix = 'w';
break;
case StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32:
suffix = 'w';
break;
case StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64:
suffix = 'l';
break;
default:
throw new NotSupportedException($"Unsupported type '{simpleType}' for binary operator '{op}'");
}
if (op is BinaryOperator.Equal)
{
return "ceq" + suffix;
}
if (op is BinaryOperator.NotEqual)
{
return "cne" + suffix;
}
string sign;
if (simpleType is IntTypeNode { Signed: true })
{
sign = "s";
}
else if (simpleType is IntTypeNode { Signed: false })
{
sign = "u";
}
else
{
throw new NotSupportedException($"Unsupported type '{type}' for binary operator '{op}'");
}
return op switch
{
BinaryOperator.GreaterThan => 'c' + sign + "gt" + suffix,
BinaryOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual => 'c' + sign + "ge" + suffix,
BinaryOperator.LessThan => 'c' + sign + "lt" + suffix,
BinaryOperator.LessThanOrEqual => 'c' + sign + "le" + suffix,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(op), op, null)
};
}
return op switch
{
BinaryOperator.Plus => "add",
BinaryOperator.Minus => "sub",
BinaryOperator.Multiply => "mul",
BinaryOperator.Divide => "div",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(op))
};
}
private string EmitExternFuncIdent(ExternFuncIdentNode externFuncIdent)
{
var func = _definitionTable.LookupExternFunc(externFuncIdent.Name);
return ExternFuncName(func);
}
private string EmitLocalFuncIdent(LocalFuncIdentNode localFuncIdent)
{
var func = _definitionTable.LookupLocalFunc(localFuncIdent.Name);
return LocalFuncName(func);
}
private string EmitVariableIdent(VariableIdentNode variableIdent)
{
return variableIdent.Name;
}
private string EmitLiteral(LiteralNode literal)
{
switch (literal.Kind)
{
case LiteralKind.Integer:
{
if (literal.Type is FloatTypeNode { Width: 32 })
{
var value = float.Parse(literal.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(value);
return bits.ToString();
}
if (literal.Type is FloatTypeNode { Width: 64 })
{
var value = double.Parse(literal.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value);
return bits.ToString();
}
if (literal.Type is IntTypeNode)
{
return literal.Value;
}
break;
}
case LiteralKind.Float:
{
if (literal.Type is IntTypeNode)
{
return literal.Value.Split(".").First();
}
if (literal.Type is FloatTypeNode { Width: 32 })
{
var value = float.Parse(literal.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(value);
return bits.ToString();
}
if (literal.Type is FloatTypeNode { Width: 64 })
{
var value = double.Parse(literal.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value);
return bits.ToString();
}
break;
}
case LiteralKind.String:
{
if (literal.Type is StringTypeNode)
{
var stringLiteral = new StringLiteral(literal.Value, StringName());
_stringLiterals.Add(stringLiteral);
return stringLiteral.Name;
}
if (literal.Type is CStringTypeNode)
{
var cStringLiteral = new CStringLiteral(literal.Value, CStringName());
_cStringLiterals.Add(cStringLiteral);
return cStringLiteral.Name;
}
break;
}
case LiteralKind.Bool:
{
if (literal.Type is BoolTypeNode)
{
return bool.Parse(literal.Value) ? "1" : "0";
}
break;
}
}
throw new NotSupportedException($"Cannot create literal of kind '{literal.Kind}' for type {literal.Type}");
}
private string EmitStructInitializer(StructInitializerNode structInitializer, string? destination = null)
{
var structDef = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(structInitializer.StructType.Name);
if (destination == null)
{
destination = TmpName();
var size = SizeOf(structInitializer.StructType);
_writer.Indented($"{destination} =l alloc8 {size}");
}
foreach (var field in structDef.Fields)
{
if (!structInitializer.Initializers.TryGetValue(field.Name, out var valueExpression))
{
valueExpression = field.Value.Value;
}
if (valueExpression == null)
{
throw new UnreachableException("Value of field in uninitialized. This should have been caught in the type checker");
}
var offset = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{offset} =l add {destination}, {OffsetOf(structDef, field.Name)}");
EmitCopyIntoOrInitialize(valueExpression, offset);
}
return destination;
}
private string EmitUnaryExpression(UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpression)
{
var operand = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(unaryExpression.Operand));
var outputName = TmpName();
switch (unaryExpression.Operator)
{
case UnaryOperator.Negate:
{
switch (unaryExpression.Operand.Type)
{
case IntTypeNode { Signed: true, Width: 64 }:
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} =l neg {operand}");
return outputName;
case IntTypeNode { Signed: true, Width: 8 or 16 or 32 }:
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} =w neg {operand}");
return outputName;
case FloatTypeNode { Width: 64 }:
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} =d neg {operand}");
return outputName;
case FloatTypeNode { Width: 32 }:
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} =s neg {operand}");
return outputName;
}
break;
}
case UnaryOperator.Invert:
{
switch (unaryExpression.Operand.Type)
{
case BoolTypeNode:
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} =w xor {operand}, 1");
return outputName;
}
break;
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
throw new NotSupportedException($"Unary operator {unaryExpression.Operator} for type {unaryExpression.Operand.Type} not supported");
}
private string EmitStructFieldAccess(StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccess)
{
var target = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(structFieldAccess.Target));
var structDef = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(structFieldAccess.StructType.Name);
var offset = OffsetOf(structDef, structFieldAccess.Field);
var output = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{output} =l add {target}, {offset}");
return output;
}
private string EmitStructFuncCall(StructFuncCallNode structFuncCall)
{
var structDef = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(structFuncCall.StructType.Name);
var func = StructFuncName(structDef.Name, structFuncCall.Name);
var thisParameter = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(structFuncCall.StructExpression));
List<string> parameterStrings = [$"l {thisParameter}"];
foreach (var parameter in structFuncCall.Parameters)
{
var copy = EmitCreateCopyOrInitialize(parameter);
parameterStrings.Add($"{FuncQBETypeName(parameter.Type)} {copy}");
}
if (structFuncCall.Type is VoidTypeNode)
{
_writer.Indented($"call {func}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return string.Empty;
}
else
{
var outputName = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} {QBEAssign(structFuncCall.Type)} call {func}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return outputName;
}
}
private string EmitInterfaceFuncCall(InterfaceFuncCallNode interfaceFuncCall)
{
var target = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(interfaceFuncCall.InterfaceExpression));
var interfaceDef = _definitionTable.LookupInterface(interfaceFuncCall.InterfaceType.Name);
var functionIndex = interfaceDef.Functions.ToList().FindIndex(x => x.Name == interfaceFuncCall.Name);
var offset = functionIndex * 8;
var vtable = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{vtable} =l loadl {target}");
var funcOffset = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{funcOffset} =l add {vtable}, {offset}");
var func = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{func} =l loadl {funcOffset}");
_writer.Indented($"{target} =l add {target}, 8");
_writer.Indented($"{target} =l loadl {target}");
List<string> parameterStrings = [$"l {target}"];
foreach (var parameter in interfaceFuncCall.Parameters)
{
var copy = EmitCreateCopyOrInitialize(parameter);
parameterStrings.Add($"{FuncQBETypeName(parameter.Type)} {copy}");
}
if (interfaceFuncCall.Type is VoidTypeNode)
{
_writer.Indented($"call {func}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return string.Empty;
}
else
{
var outputName = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} {QBEAssign(interfaceFuncCall.Type)} call {func}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return outputName;
}
}
private string EmitInterfaceInitializer(InterfaceInitializerNode interfaceInitializer, string? destination = null)
{
var implementation = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(interfaceInitializer.Implementation));
var vtableOffset = 0;
foreach (var interfaceImplementation in interfaceInitializer.StructType.InterfaceImplementations)
{
if (interfaceImplementation == interfaceInitializer.InterfaceType)
{
break;
}
vtableOffset += interfaceImplementation.Functions.Count * 8;
}
if (destination == null)
{
destination = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{destination} =l alloc8 {SizeOf(interfaceInitializer.InterfaceType)}");
}
var interfaceVtablePointer = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{interfaceVtablePointer} =l add {StructVtableName(interfaceInitializer.StructType.Name)}, {vtableOffset}");
_writer.Indented($"storel {interfaceVtablePointer}, {destination}");
var objectPointer = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{objectPointer} =l add {destination}, 8");
_writer.Indented($"storel {implementation}, {objectPointer}");
return destination;
}
private string EmitFuncCall(FuncCallNode funcCall)
{
var expression = EmitExpression(funcCall.Expression);
var parameterStrings = new List<string>();
foreach (var parameter in funcCall.Parameters)
{
var copy = EmitCreateCopyOrInitialize(parameter);
parameterStrings.Add($"{FuncQBETypeName(parameter.Type)} {copy}");
}
var funcPointer = EmitUnwrap(expression);
if (funcCall.Type is VoidTypeNode)
{
_writer.Indented($"call {funcPointer}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return string.Empty;
}
else
{
var outputName = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} {QBEAssign(funcCall.Type)} call {funcPointer}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return outputName;
}
}
private string EmitUnwrap(Val val)
{
return val.IsLValue ? EmitLoad(val.Type, val.Name) : val.Name;
}
private static int SizeOf(TypeNode type)
{
return type switch
{
SimpleTypeNode simple => simple.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.Void => 0,
StorageSize.I8 or StorageSize.U8 => 1,
StorageSize.I16 or StorageSize.U16 => 2,
StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 or StorageSize.F32 => 4,
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 or StorageSize.F64 => 8,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(type), $"Unknown storage size: {simple.StorageSize}")
},
CStringTypeNode => 8,
StringTypeNode => 8,
ArrayTypeNode => 8,
StructTypeNode structType => CalculateStructSize(structType),
InterfaceTypeNode => 16,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(type), $"Unknown type: {type.GetType()}")
};
}
private static int CalculateStructSize(StructTypeNode structType)
{
var offset = 0;
foreach (var field in structType.Fields)
{
var fieldAlignment = AlignmentOf(field);
offset = AlignTo(offset, fieldAlignment);
offset += SizeOf(field);
}
var structAlignment = CalculateStructAlignment(structType);
return AlignTo(offset, structAlignment);
}
private static int AlignmentOf(TypeNode type)
{
return type switch
{
SimpleTypeNode simple => simple.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.Void => 1,
StorageSize.I8 or StorageSize.U8 => 1,
StorageSize.I16 or StorageSize.U16 => 2,
StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 or StorageSize.F32 => 4,
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 or StorageSize.F64 => 8,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(type), $"Unknown storage size: {simple.StorageSize}")
},
CStringTypeNode => 8,
StringTypeNode => 8,
ArrayTypeNode => 8,
StructTypeNode structType => CalculateStructAlignment(structType),
InterfaceTypeNode => 8,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(type), $"Unknown type: {type.GetType()}")
};
}
private static int CalculateStructAlignment(StructTypeNode structType)
{
var maxAlignment = 1;
if (structType.InterfaceImplementations.Any())
{
maxAlignment = Math.Max(maxAlignment, 8);
}
foreach (var field in structType.Fields)
{
var fieldAlignment = AlignmentOf(field);
maxAlignment = Math.Max(maxAlignment, fieldAlignment);
}
return maxAlignment;
}
private static int AlignTo(int offset, int alignment)
{
return (offset + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
}
private static int OffsetOf(StructNode structDef, string member)
{
var offset = 0;
foreach (var field in structDef.Fields)
{
if (field.Name == member)
{
return offset;
}
var fieldAlignment = AlignmentOf(field.Type);
offset = AlignTo(offset, fieldAlignment);
offset += SizeOf(field.Type);
}
throw new UnreachableException($"Member '{member}' not found in struct");
}
#region Naming utilities
private string TmpName()
{
return $"%t{++_tmpIndex}";
}
private string LabelName()
{
return $"@l{++_labelIndex}";
}
private string CStringName()
{
return $"$cstring{++_cStringLiteralIndex}";
}
private string StringName()
{
return $"$string{++_stringLiteralIndex}";
}
private string LocalFuncName(LocalFuncNode funcDef)
{
return $"${funcDef.Name}";
}
private string ExternFuncName(ExternFuncNode funcDef)
{
return $"${funcDef.CallName}";
}
private string StructTypeName(string name)
{
return $":{name}";
}
private string StructFuncName(string structName, string funcName)
{
return $"${structName}_{funcName}";
}
private string StructVtableName(string structName)
{
return $"${structName}_vtable";
}
#endregion
}
public class StringLiteral(string value, string name)
{
public string Value { get; } = value;
public string Name { get; } = name;
}
public class CStringLiteral(string value, string name)
{
public string Value { get; } = value;
public string Name { get; } = name;
}
public record Val(string Name, TypeNode Type, bool IsLValue);
public class Scope(Scope? parent = null)
{
private readonly Dictionary<string, Val> _variables = [];
public Val Lookup(string name)
{
var variable = _variables.GetValueOrDefault(name);
if (variable != null)
{
return variable;
}
return parent?.Lookup(name) ?? throw new UnreachableException($"Variable '{name}' not found");
}
public void Declare(string name, Val value)
{
_variables.Add(name, value);
}
public Scope SubScope()
{
return new Scope(this);
}
}