more renaming

src/compiler/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Common IntelliJ Platform excludes
+
+# User specific
+**/.idea/**/workspace.xml
+**/.idea/**/tasks.xml
+**/.idea/shelf/*
+**/.idea/dictionaries
+**/.idea/httpRequests/
+
+# Sensitive or high-churn files
+**/.idea/**/dataSources/
+**/.idea/**/dataSources.ids
+**/.idea/**/dataSources.xml
+**/.idea/**/dataSources.local.xml
+**/.idea/**/sqlDataSources.xml
+**/.idea/**/dynamic.xml
+
+# Rider
+# Rider auto-generates .iml files, and contentModel.xml
+**/.idea/**/*.iml
+**/.idea/**/contentModel.xml
+**/.idea/**/modules.xml
+
+*.suo
+*.user
+.vs/
+[Bb]in/
+[Oo]bj/
+_UpgradeReport_Files/
+[Pp]ackages/
+
+Thumbs.db
+Desktop.ini
+.DS_Store

src/compiler/.idea/.idea.Nub.Lang/.idea/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Default ignored files
+/shelf/
+/workspace.xml
+# Rider ignored files
+/projectSettingsUpdater.xml
+/.idea.Nub.Lang.iml
+/modules.xml
+/contentModel.xml
+# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
+/httpRequests/
+# Datasource local storage ignored files
+/dataSources/
+/dataSources.local.xml

src/compiler/.idea/.idea.Nub.Lang/.idea/.name

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Nub.Lang

src/compiler/.idea/.idea.Nub.Lang/.idea/codeStyles/codeStyleConfig.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<component name="ProjectCodeStyleConfiguration">
+  <state>
+    <option name="PREFERRED_PROJECT_CODE_STYLE" value="Default" />
+  </state>
+</component>

src/compiler/.idea/.idea.Nub.Lang/.idea/encodings.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="Encoding" addBOMForNewFiles="with BOM under Windows, with no BOM otherwise" />
+</project>

src/compiler/.idea/.idea.Nub.Lang/.idea/indexLayout.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="UserContentModel">
+    <attachedFolders>
+      <Path>../../example</Path>
+      <Path>../core</Path>
+    </attachedFolders>
+    <explicitIncludes />
+    <explicitExcludes />
+  </component>
+</project>

src/compiler/.idea/.idea.Nub.Lang/.idea/vcs.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/../.." vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/.." vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>

src/compiler/Nub.Lang.sln

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Nub.Lang", "Nub.Lang\Nub.Lang.csproj", "{5047E21F-590D-4CB3-AFF3-064316485009}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
+		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{5047E21F-590D-4CB3-AFF3-064316485009}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{5047E21F-590D-4CB3-AFF3-064316485009}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{5047E21F-590D-4CB3-AFF3-064316485009}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{5047E21F-590D-4CB3-AFF3-064316485009}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Backend/Generator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+using System.Text;
+using Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+namespace Nub.Lang.Backend;
+
+public class Generator
+{
+    private readonly List<DefinitionNode> _definitions;
+    private readonly StringBuilder _builder = new();
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, string> _variables = new();
+    private readonly List<string> _strings = [];
+
+    public Generator(List<DefinitionNode> definitions)
+    {
+        _definitions = definitions;
+    }
+
+    public string Generate()
+    {
+        foreach (var funcDefinition in _definitions.OfType<LocalFuncDefinitionNode>())
+        {
+            GenerateFuncDefinition(funcDefinition);
+        }
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < _strings.Count; i++)
+        {
+            var str = _strings[i];
+            _builder.AppendLine($"data $str{i + 1} = {{ b \"{str}\", b 0 }}");
+        }
+
+        return _builder.ToString();
+    }
+
+    private string QbeTypeName(NubType type)
+    {
+        if (type.Equals(NubType.Int64) || type.Equals(NubType.String))
+        {
+            return "l";
+        }
+
+        if (type.Equals(NubType.Int32) || type.Equals(NubType.Bool))
+        {
+            return "w";
+        }
+
+        throw new Exception($"Invalid qbe type {type}");
+    }
+
+    private void GenerateFuncDefinition(LocalFuncDefinitionNode node)
+    {
+        _variables.Clear();
+        var parameters = node.Parameters.Select(p => $"{QbeTypeName(p.Type)} %{p.Name}");
+        if (node.Global)
+        {
+            _builder.Append("export ");
+        }
+        _builder.Append("function ");
+        if (node.ReturnType.HasValue)
+        {
+            _builder.Append($"{QbeTypeName(node.ReturnType.Value)} ");
+        }
+
+        _builder.Append('$');
+        _builder.Append(node.Name);
+
+        _builder.AppendLine($"({string.Join(", ", parameters)}) {{");
+        _builder.AppendLine("@start");
+        GenerateBlock(node.Body);
+        if (!node.ReturnType.HasValue)
+        {
+            _builder.AppendLine("    ret");
+        }
+
+        _builder.AppendLine("}");
+    }
+
+    private void GenerateBlock(BlockNode block)
+    {
+        foreach (var statement in block.Statements)
+        {
+            GenerateStatement(statement);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void GenerateStatement(StatementNode statement)
+    {
+        switch (statement)
+        {
+            case BreakNode:
+                GenerateBreak();
+                break;
+            case ContinueNode:
+                GenerateContinue();
+                break;
+            case FuncCallStatementNode funcCallStatement:
+                GenerateStatementFuncCall(funcCallStatement);
+                break;
+            case IfNode ifStatement:
+                GenerateIf(ifStatement);
+                break;
+            case ReturnNode @return:
+                GenerateReturn(@return);
+                break;
+            case VariableAssignmentNode variableAssignment:
+                GenerateVariableAssignment(variableAssignment);
+                break;
+            case VariableReassignmentNode variableReassignment:
+                GenerateVariableReassignment(variableReassignment);
+                break;
+            case WhileNode whileStatement:
+                GenerateWhile(whileStatement);
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(statement));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void GenerateBreak()
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private void GenerateContinue()
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private void GenerateStatementFuncCall(FuncCallStatementNode funcCall)
+    {
+        var results = new List<(string, NubType)>();
+        foreach (var parameter in funcCall.FuncCall.Parameters)
+        {
+            results.Add((GenerateExpression(parameter), parameter.Type));
+        }
+
+        var parameters = results.Select(p => $"{QbeTypeName(p.Item2)} {p.Item1}");
+
+        _builder.AppendLine($"    call ${funcCall.FuncCall.Name}({string.Join(", ", parameters)})");
+    }
+
+    private void GenerateIf(IfNode ifStatement)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private void GenerateReturn(ReturnNode @return)
+    {
+        if (@return.Value.HasValue)
+        {
+            var result = GenerateExpression(@return.Value.Value);
+            _builder.AppendLine($"    ret {result}");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _builder.AppendLine("    ret");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void GenerateVariableAssignment(VariableAssignmentNode variableAssignment)
+    {
+        _variables[variableAssignment.Name] = GenerateExpression(variableAssignment.Value);
+    }
+
+    private void GenerateVariableReassignment(VariableReassignmentNode variableReassignment)
+    {
+        _variables[variableReassignment.Name] = GenerateExpression(variableReassignment.Value);
+    }
+
+    private void GenerateWhile(WhileNode whileStatement)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string GenerateExpression(ExpressionNode expression)
+    {
+        switch (expression)
+        {
+            case BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression:
+                return GenerateBinaryExpression(binaryExpression);
+            case FuncCallExpressionNode funcCallExpression:
+                return GenerateExpressionFuncCall(funcCallExpression);
+            case IdentifierNode identifier:
+                return GenerateIdentifier(identifier);
+            case LiteralNode literal:
+                return GenerateLiteral(literal);
+            case StructInitializerNode structInitializer:
+                return GenerateStructInitializer(structInitializer);
+            case StructMemberAccessorNode structMemberAccessor:
+                return GenerateStructMemberAccessor(structMemberAccessor);
+            default:
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(expression));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private string GenerateStructMemberAccessor(StructMemberAccessorNode structMemberAccessor)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string GenerateBinaryExpression(BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string GenerateIdentifier(IdentifierNode identifier)
+    {
+        return _variables[identifier.Identifier];
+    }
+
+    private string GenerateLiteral(LiteralNode literal)
+    {
+        if (literal.LiteralType.Equals(NubType.String))
+        {
+            _strings.Add(literal.Literal);
+            return $"$str{_strings.Count}";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private string GenerateStructInitializer(StructInitializerNode structInitializer)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private string GenerateExpressionFuncCall(FuncCallExpressionNode funcCall)
+    {
+        var results = new List<(string, NubType)>();
+        foreach (var parameter in funcCall.FuncCall.Parameters)
+        {
+            results.Add((GenerateExpression(parameter), parameter.Type));
+        }
+
+        var parameters = results.Select(p => $"{QbeTypeName(p.Item2)} {p.Item1}");
+
+        var output = GenName();
+        _builder.AppendLine($"    %{output} ={QbeTypeName(funcCall.Type)} call ${funcCall.FuncCall.Name}({string.Join(", ", parameters)})");
+
+        return $"%{output}";
+    }
+
+    private int _nameIndex;
+    private string GenName() => "v" + ++_nameIndex;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Lexing/IdentifierToken.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Lexing;
+
+public class IdentifierToken(string value) : Token
+{
+    public string Value { get; } = value;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Lexing/Lexer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Lexing;
+
+public class Lexer
+{
+    private static readonly Dictionary<string, Symbol> Keywords = new()
+    { 
+        ["func"] = Symbol.Func,
+        ["global"] = Symbol.Global,
+        ["extern"] = Symbol.Extern,
+        ["import"] = Symbol.Import,
+        ["let"] = Symbol.Let,
+        ["if"] = Symbol.If,
+        ["else"] = Symbol.Else,
+        ["while"] = Symbol.While,
+        ["break"] = Symbol.Break,
+        ["continue"] = Symbol.Continue,
+        ["return"] = Symbol.Return,
+        ["new"] = Symbol.New,
+        ["struct"] = Symbol.Struct,
+    };
+
+    private static readonly Dictionary<char[], Symbol> Chians = new()
+    {
+        [['=', '=']] = Symbol.Equal,
+        [['!', '=']] = Symbol.NotEqual,
+        [['<', '=']] = Symbol.LessThanOrEqual,
+        [['>', '=']] = Symbol.GreaterThanOrEqual,
+    };
+    
+    private static readonly Dictionary<char, Symbol> Chars = new()
+    {
+        [';'] = Symbol.Semicolon,
+        [':'] = Symbol.Colon,
+        ['('] = Symbol.OpenParen,
+        [')'] = Symbol.CloseParen,
+        ['{'] = Symbol.OpenBrace,
+        ['}'] = Symbol.CloseBrace,
+        ['['] = Symbol.OpenBracket,
+        [']'] = Symbol.CloseBracket,
+        [','] = Symbol.Comma,
+        ['.'] = Symbol.Period,
+        ['='] = Symbol.Assign,
+        ['<'] = Symbol.LessThan,
+        ['>'] = Symbol.GreaterThan,
+        ['+'] = Symbol.Plus,
+        ['-'] = Symbol.Minus,
+        ['*'] = Symbol.Star,
+        ['/'] = Symbol.ForwardSlash,
+        ['!'] = Symbol.Bang,
+    };
+    
+    private string _src = string.Empty;
+    private int _index;
+
+    public List<Token> Lex(string src)
+    {
+        _src = src;
+        _index = 0;
+        
+        List<Token> tokens = [];
+        while (Peek().HasValue)
+        {
+            tokens.Add(ParseToken());
+        }
+        return tokens;
+    }
+
+    private Token ParseToken()
+    {
+        var current = Peek();
+        
+        if (char.IsLetter(current.Value) || current.Value == '_')
+        {
+            var buffer = string.Empty;
+                
+            while (current.HasValue && (char.IsLetterOrDigit(current.Value) || current.Value == '_'))
+            {
+                buffer += current.Value;
+                Next();
+                current = Peek();
+            }
+
+            if (Keywords.TryGetValue(buffer, out var keywordSymbol))
+            {
+                return new SymbolToken(keywordSymbol);
+            }
+            
+            if (buffer is "true" or "false")
+            {
+                return new LiteralToken(NubType.Bool, buffer);
+            }
+
+            return new IdentifierToken(buffer);
+        }
+
+        if (char.IsDigit(current.Value))
+        {
+            var buffer = string.Empty;
+                
+            while (current.HasValue && char.IsDigit(current.Value))
+            {
+                buffer += current.Value;
+                Next();
+                current = Peek();
+            }
+
+            return new LiteralToken(NubType.Int64, buffer);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: Revisit this
+        foreach (var chain in Chians)
+        {
+            if (current.Value != chain.Key[0]) continue;
+            
+            for (var i = 1; i < chain.Key.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var c = Peek(i);
+                if (!c.HasValue || c.Value != chain.Key[i]) break;
+
+                if (i == chain.Key.Length - 1)
+                {
+                    for (var j = 0; j <= i; j++)
+                    {
+                        Next();
+                    }
+
+                    return new SymbolToken(chain.Value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (Chars.TryGetValue(current.Value, out var charSymbol))
+        {
+            Next();
+            return new SymbolToken(charSymbol);
+        }
+
+        if (current.Value == '"')
+        {
+            Next();
+            var buffer = string.Empty;
+            
+            while (true)
+            {
+                current = Peek();
+                Next();
+                if (!current.HasValue) throw new Exception("Unclosed string literal");
+                if (current.Value == '"') break;
+                buffer += current.Value;
+            }
+            
+            return new LiteralToken(NubType.String, buffer);
+        }
+
+        if (char.IsWhiteSpace(current.Value))
+        {
+            Next();
+            return new SymbolToken(Symbol.Whitespace);
+        }
+
+        throw new Exception($"Unknown character {current.Value}");
+    }
+
+    private Optional<char> Peek(int offset = 0)
+    {
+        if (_index + offset < _src.Length)
+        {
+            return _src[_index + offset];
+        }
+        
+        return Optional<char>.Empty();
+    }
+
+    private void Next()
+    {
+        _index++;
+    }
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Lexing/LiteralToken.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Lexing;
+
+public class LiteralToken(NubType type, string value) : Token
+{
+    public NubType Type { get; } = type;
+    public string Value { get; } = value;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Lexing/SymbolToken.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Lexing;
+
+public class SymbolToken(Symbol symbol) : Token
+{
+    public Symbol Symbol { get; } = symbol;
+}
+
+public enum Symbol
+{
+    Whitespace,
+    Import,
+    Extern,
+    Global,
+    Func,
+    Return,
+    Let,
+    If,
+    Else,
+    While,
+    Break,
+    Continue,
+    Semicolon,
+    Colon,
+    OpenParen,
+    CloseParen,
+    OpenBrace,
+    CloseBrace,
+    OpenBracket,
+    CloseBracket,
+    Comma,
+    Period,
+    Assign,
+    Bang,
+    Equal,
+    NotEqual,
+    LessThan,
+    LessThanOrEqual,
+    GreaterThan,
+    GreaterThanOrEqual,
+    Plus,
+    Minus,
+    Star,
+    ForwardSlash,
+    New,
+    Struct
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Lexing/Token.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Lexing;
+
+public abstract class Token;

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/BinaryExpressionNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class BinaryExpressionNode(ExpressionNode left, BinaryExpressionOperator @operator, ExpressionNode right) : ExpressionNode
+{
+    public ExpressionNode Left { get; } = left;
+    public BinaryExpressionOperator Operator { get; } = @operator;
+    public ExpressionNode Right { get; } = right;
+}
+
+public enum BinaryExpressionOperator
+{
+    Equal,
+    NotEqual,
+    GreaterThan,
+    GreaterThanOrEqual,
+    LessThan,
+    LessThanOrEqual,
+    Plus,
+    Minus,
+    Multiply,
+    Divide
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/BlockNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class BlockNode(List<StatementNode> statements) : Node
+{
+    public List<StatementNode> Statements { get; } = statements;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/BreakNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class BreakNode : StatementNode;

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/ContinueNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class ContinueNode : StatementNode;

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/DefinitionNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public abstract class DefinitionNode : Node;

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/ExpressionNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public abstract class ExpressionNode : Node
+{
+    private NubType? _type;
+    public NubType Type
+    {
+        get => _type ?? throw new Exception("Tried to access expression type before type was populated");
+        set => _type = value;
+    }
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/ExternFuncDefinitionNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class ExternFuncDefinitionNode(string name, List<FuncParameter> parameters, Optional<NubType> returnType) : DefinitionNode
+{
+    public string Name { get; } = name;
+    public List<FuncParameter> Parameters { get; } = parameters;
+    public Optional<NubType> ReturnType { get; } = returnType;
+
+    public override string ToString() => $"{Name}({string.Join(", ", Parameters.Select(p => p.ToString()))}){(ReturnType.HasValue ? ": " + ReturnType.Value : "")}";
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/FuncCall.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class FuncCall(string name, List<ExpressionNode> parameters)
+{
+    public string Name { get; } = name;
+    public List<ExpressionNode> Parameters { get; } = parameters;
+
+    public override string ToString() => $"{Name}()";
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/FuncCallExpressionNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class FuncCallExpressionNode(FuncCall funcCall) : ExpressionNode
+{
+    public FuncCall FuncCall { get; } = funcCall;
+
+    public override string ToString() => FuncCall.ToString();
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/FuncCallStatementNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class FuncCallStatementNode(FuncCall funcCall) : StatementNode
+{
+    public FuncCall FuncCall { get; } = funcCall;
+    
+    public override string ToString() => FuncCall.ToString();
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/IdentifierNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class IdentifierNode(string identifier) : ExpressionNode
+{
+    public string Identifier { get; } = identifier;
+
+    public override string ToString() => Identifier;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/IfNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class IfNode(ExpressionNode condition, BlockNode body, Optional<Variant<IfNode, BlockNode>> @else) : StatementNode
+{
+    public ExpressionNode Condition { get; } = condition;
+    public BlockNode Body { get; } = body;
+    public Optional<Variant<IfNode, BlockNode>> Else { get; } = @else;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/LiteralNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class LiteralNode(string literal, NubType type) : ExpressionNode
+{
+    public string Literal { get; } = literal;
+    public NubType LiteralType { get; } = type;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/LocalFuncDefinitionNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class LocalFuncDefinitionNode(string name, List<FuncParameter> parameters, BlockNode body, Optional<NubType> returnType, bool global) : DefinitionNode
+{
+    public string Name { get; } = name;
+    public List<FuncParameter> Parameters { get; } = parameters;
+    public BlockNode Body { get; } = body;
+    public Optional<NubType> ReturnType { get; } = returnType;
+    public bool Global { get; } = global;
+
+    public override string ToString() => $"{Name}({string.Join(", ", Parameters.Select(p => p.ToString()))}){(ReturnType.HasValue ? ": " + ReturnType.Value : "")}";
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/ModuleNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class ModuleNode(string path, List<string> imports, List<DefinitionNode> definitions) : Node
+{
+    public string Path { get; } = path;
+    public List<string> Imports { get; } = imports;
+    public List<DefinitionNode> Definitions { get; } = definitions;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/Node.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public abstract class Node;

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/Parser.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using Nub.Lang.Frontend.Lexing;
+
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class Parser
+{
+    private List<Token> _tokens = [];
+    private int _index;
+
+    public ModuleNode ParseModule(List<Token> tokens, string path)
+    {
+        _index = 0;
+        _tokens = tokens;
+
+        List<DefinitionNode> definitions = [];
+        List<string> imports = [];
+
+        while (Peek().HasValue)
+        {
+            if (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Import))
+            {
+                var name = ExpectLiteral();
+                if (!name.Type.Equals(NubType.String))
+                {
+                    throw new Exception("Import statements must have a string literal value");
+                }
+
+                TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Semicolon);
+                imports.Add(name.Value);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                definitions.Add(ParseDefinition());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new ModuleNode(path, imports, definitions);
+    }
+
+    private DefinitionNode ParseDefinition()
+    {
+        var keyword = ExpectSymbol();
+        return keyword.Symbol switch
+        {
+            Symbol.Func => ParseFuncDefinition(),
+            Symbol.Global => ParseGlobalFuncDefinition(),
+            Symbol.Extern => ParseExternFuncDefinition(),
+            Symbol.Struct => ParseStruct(),
+            _ => throw new Exception("Unexpected symbol: " + keyword.Symbol)
+        };
+    }
+
+    private LocalFuncDefinitionNode ParseFuncDefinition()
+    {
+        var name = ExpectIdentifier();
+        List<FuncParameter> parameters = [];
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.OpenParen);
+        if (!TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.CloseParen))
+        {
+            while (!TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.CloseParen))
+            {
+                parameters.Add(ParseFuncParameter());
+                TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Comma);
+            }
+        }
+
+        var returnType = Optional<NubType>.Empty();
+        if (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Colon))
+        {
+            returnType = ParseTypeInstance();
+        }
+
+        var body = ParseBlock();
+
+        return new LocalFuncDefinitionNode(name.Value, parameters, body, returnType, false);
+    }
+    
+    private LocalFuncDefinitionNode ParseGlobalFuncDefinition()
+    {
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Func);
+        var name = ExpectIdentifier();
+        List<FuncParameter> parameters = [];
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.OpenParen);
+        if (!TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.CloseParen))
+        {
+            while (!TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.CloseParen))
+            {
+                parameters.Add(ParseFuncParameter());
+                TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Comma);
+            }
+        }
+
+        var returnType = Optional<NubType>.Empty();
+        if (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Colon))
+        {
+            returnType = ParseTypeInstance();
+        }
+
+        var body = ParseBlock();
+
+        return new LocalFuncDefinitionNode(name.Value, parameters, body, returnType, true);
+    }
+
+    private ExternFuncDefinitionNode ParseExternFuncDefinition()
+    {
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Func);
+        var name = ExpectIdentifier();
+        List<FuncParameter> parameters = [];
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.OpenParen);
+        if (!TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.CloseParen))
+        {
+            while (!TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.CloseParen))
+            {
+                parameters.Add(ParseFuncParameter());
+                TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Comma);
+            }
+        }
+
+        var returnType = Optional<NubType>.Empty();
+        if (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Colon))
+        {
+            returnType = ParseTypeInstance();
+        }
+
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Semicolon);
+
+        return new ExternFuncDefinitionNode(name.Value, parameters, returnType);
+    }
+
+    private StructDefinitionNode ParseStruct()
+    {
+        var name = ExpectIdentifier().Value;
+
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.OpenBrace);
+
+        List<StructField> variables = [];
+
+        while (!TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.CloseBrace))
+        {
+            var variableName = ExpectIdentifier().Value;
+            ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Colon);
+            var variableType = ParseTypeInstance();
+
+            var variableValue = Optional<ExpressionNode>.Empty();
+
+            if (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Assign))
+            {
+                variableValue = ParseExpression();
+            }
+
+            ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Semicolon);
+
+            variables.Add(new StructField(variableName, variableType, variableValue));
+        }
+
+        return new StructDefinitionNode(name, variables);
+    }
+
+    private FuncParameter ParseFuncParameter()
+    {
+        var name = ExpectIdentifier();
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Colon);
+        var type = ParseTypeInstance();
+
+        return new FuncParameter(name.Value, type);
+    }
+
+    private StatementNode ParseStatement()
+    {
+        var token = ExpectToken();
+        switch (token)
+        {
+            case IdentifierToken identifier:
+            {
+                var symbol = ExpectSymbol();
+                switch (symbol.Symbol)
+                {
+                    case Symbol.OpenParen:
+                    {
+                        var parameters = new List<ExpressionNode>();
+                        while (!TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.CloseParen))
+                        {
+                            parameters.Add(ParseExpression());
+                            TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Comma);
+                        }
+
+                        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Semicolon);
+
+                        return new FuncCallStatementNode(new FuncCall(identifier.Value, parameters));
+                    }
+                    case Symbol.Assign:
+                    {
+                        var value = ParseExpression();
+                        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Semicolon);
+                        return new VariableReassignmentNode(identifier.Value, value);
+                    }
+                    default:
+                    {
+                        throw new Exception($"Unexpected symbol {symbol.Symbol}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            case SymbolToken symbol:
+            {
+                return symbol.Symbol switch
+                {
+                    Symbol.Return => ParseReturn(),
+                    Symbol.Let => ParseVariableAssignment(),
+                    Symbol.If => ParseIf(),
+                    Symbol.While => ParseWhile(),
+                    Symbol.Break => ParseBreak(),
+                    Symbol.Continue => ParseContinue(),
+                    _ => throw new Exception($"Unexpected symbol {symbol.Symbol}")
+                };
+            }
+            default:
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Unexpected token type {token.GetType().Name}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ReturnNode ParseReturn()
+    {
+        var value = Optional<ExpressionNode>.Empty();
+        if (!TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Semicolon))
+        {
+            value = ParseExpression();
+            ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Semicolon);
+        }
+
+        return new ReturnNode(value);
+    }
+
+    private VariableAssignmentNode ParseVariableAssignment()
+    {
+        var name = ExpectIdentifier().Value;
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Assign);
+        var value = ParseExpression();
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Semicolon);
+
+        return new VariableAssignmentNode(name, value);
+    }
+
+    private IfNode ParseIf()
+    {
+        var condition = ParseExpression();
+        var body = ParseBlock();
+
+        var elseStatement = Optional<Variant<IfNode, BlockNode>>.Empty();
+        if (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Else))
+        {
+            elseStatement = TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.If)
+                ? (Variant<IfNode, BlockNode>)ParseIf()
+                : (Variant<IfNode, BlockNode>)ParseBlock();
+        }
+
+        return new IfNode(condition, body, elseStatement);
+    }
+
+    private WhileNode ParseWhile()
+    {
+        var condition = ParseExpression();
+        var body = ParseBlock();
+        return new WhileNode(condition, body);
+    }
+
+    private BreakNode ParseBreak()
+    {
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Semicolon);
+        return new BreakNode();
+    }
+
+    private ContinueNode ParseContinue()
+    {
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Semicolon);
+        return new ContinueNode();
+    }
+
+    private ExpressionNode ParseExpression(int precedence = 0)
+    {
+        var left = ParsePrimaryExpression();
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            var token = Peek();
+            if (!token.HasValue || token.Value is not SymbolToken symbolToken || !TryGetBinaryOperator(symbolToken.Symbol, out var op) ||
+                GetBinaryOperatorPrecedence(op.Value) < precedence)
+                break;
+
+            Next();
+            var right = ParseExpression(GetBinaryOperatorPrecedence(op.Value) + 1);
+
+            left = new BinaryExpressionNode(left, op.Value, right);
+        }
+
+        return left;
+    }
+
+    private static int GetBinaryOperatorPrecedence(BinaryExpressionOperator binaryExpressionOperator)
+    {
+        return binaryExpressionOperator switch
+        {
+            BinaryExpressionOperator.Multiply => 3,
+            BinaryExpressionOperator.Divide => 3,
+            BinaryExpressionOperator.Plus => 2,
+            BinaryExpressionOperator.Minus => 2,
+            BinaryExpressionOperator.GreaterThan => 1,
+            BinaryExpressionOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual => 1,
+            BinaryExpressionOperator.LessThan => 1,
+            BinaryExpressionOperator.LessThanOrEqual => 1,
+            BinaryExpressionOperator.Equal => 0,
+            BinaryExpressionOperator.NotEqual => 0,
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(binaryExpressionOperator), binaryExpressionOperator, null)
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryGetBinaryOperator(Symbol symbol, [NotNullWhen(true)] out BinaryExpressionOperator? binaryExpressionOperator)
+    {
+        switch (symbol)
+        {
+            case Symbol.Equal:
+                binaryExpressionOperator = BinaryExpressionOperator.Equal;
+                return true;
+            case Symbol.NotEqual:
+                binaryExpressionOperator = BinaryExpressionOperator.NotEqual;
+                return true;
+            case Symbol.LessThan:
+                binaryExpressionOperator = BinaryExpressionOperator.LessThan;
+                return true;
+            case Symbol.LessThanOrEqual:
+                binaryExpressionOperator = BinaryExpressionOperator.LessThanOrEqual;
+                return true;
+            case Symbol.GreaterThan:
+                binaryExpressionOperator = BinaryExpressionOperator.GreaterThan;
+                return true;
+            case Symbol.GreaterThanOrEqual:
+                binaryExpressionOperator = BinaryExpressionOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual;
+                return true;
+            case Symbol.Plus:
+                binaryExpressionOperator = BinaryExpressionOperator.Plus;
+                return true;
+            case Symbol.Minus:
+                binaryExpressionOperator = BinaryExpressionOperator.Minus;
+                return true;
+            case Symbol.Star:
+                binaryExpressionOperator = BinaryExpressionOperator.Multiply;
+                return true;
+            case Symbol.ForwardSlash:
+                binaryExpressionOperator = BinaryExpressionOperator.Divide;
+                return true;
+            default:
+                binaryExpressionOperator = null;
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ExpressionNode ParsePrimaryExpression()
+    {
+        var token = ExpectToken();
+        switch (token)
+        {
+            case LiteralToken literal:
+            {
+                return new LiteralNode(literal.Value, literal.Type);
+            }
+            case IdentifierToken identifier:
+            {
+                return ParseExpressionIdentifier(identifier);
+            }
+            case SymbolToken symbolToken:
+            {
+                switch (symbolToken.Symbol)
+                {
+                    case Symbol.OpenParen:
+                    {
+                        var expression = ParseExpression();
+                        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.CloseParen);
+                        return expression;
+                    }
+                    case Symbol.New:
+                    {
+                        var type = ParseTypeInstance();
+                        Dictionary<string, ExpressionNode> initializers = [];
+                        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.OpenBrace);
+                        while (!TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.CloseBrace))
+                        {
+                            var name = ExpectIdentifier().Value;
+                            ExpectSymbol(Symbol.Assign);
+                            var value = ParseExpression();
+                            TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Semicolon);
+                            initializers.Add(name, value);
+                        }
+
+                        return new StructInitializerNode(type, initializers);
+                    }
+                    default:
+                        throw new Exception($"Unknown symbol: {symbolToken.Symbol}");
+                }
+            }
+            default:
+                throw new Exception($"Unexpected token type {token.GetType().Name}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ExpressionNode ParseExpressionIdentifier(IdentifierToken identifier)
+    {
+        var token = Peek();
+        if (!token.HasValue)
+        {
+            return new IdentifierNode(identifier.Value);
+        }
+
+        switch (token.Value)
+        {
+            case SymbolToken symbolToken:
+            {
+                switch (symbolToken.Symbol)
+                {
+                    case Symbol.Period:
+                    {
+                        Next();
+                        List<string> members =
+                        [
+                            identifier.Value,
+                            ExpectIdentifier().Value
+                        ];
+
+                        while (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Period))
+                        {
+                            members.Add(ExpectIdentifier().Value);
+                        }
+
+                        return new StructMemberAccessorNode(members);
+                    }
+                    case Symbol.OpenParen:
+                    {
+                        Next();
+                        List<ExpressionNode> parameters = [];
+                        while (!TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.CloseParen))
+                        {
+                            parameters.Add(ParseExpression());
+                            TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Comma);
+                        }
+
+                        return new FuncCallExpressionNode(new FuncCall(identifier.Value, parameters));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new IdentifierNode(identifier.Value);
+    }
+
+    private BlockNode ParseBlock()
+    {
+        ExpectSymbol(Symbol.OpenBrace);
+        List<StatementNode> statements = [];
+        while (!TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.CloseBrace))
+        {
+            statements.Add(ParseStatement());
+        }
+
+        return new BlockNode(statements);
+    }
+
+    private NubType ParseTypeInstance()
+    {
+        var parameters = new List<NubType>();
+        var name = ExpectIdentifier().Value;
+
+        if (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.LessThan))
+        {
+            do
+            {
+                parameters.Add(ParseTypeInstance());
+            } while (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Comma));
+
+            ExpectSymbol(Symbol.GreaterThan);
+        }
+
+        return new NubType(name, parameters.ToArray());
+    }
+
+    private Token ExpectToken()
+    {
+        var token = Peek();
+        if (!token.HasValue)
+        {
+            throw new Exception("Reached end of tokens");
+        }
+
+        Next();
+        return token.Value;
+    }
+
+    private SymbolToken ExpectSymbol()
+    {
+        var token = ExpectToken();
+        if (token is not SymbolToken symbol)
+        {
+            throw new Exception($"Expected {nameof(SymbolToken)} but got {token.GetType().Name}");
+        }
+
+        return symbol;
+    }
+
+    private void ExpectSymbol(Symbol symbol)
+    {
+        var token = ExpectSymbol();
+        if (token.Symbol != symbol)
+        {
+            throw new Exception($"Expected symbol {symbol} but got {token.Symbol}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private bool TryExpectSymbol(Symbol symbol)
+    {
+        var result = Peek() is { HasValue: true, Value: SymbolToken symbolToken } && symbolToken.Symbol == symbol;
+        if (result) Next();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private IdentifierToken ExpectIdentifier()
+    {
+        var token = ExpectToken();
+        if (token is not IdentifierToken identifier)
+        {
+            throw new Exception($"Expected {nameof(IdentifierToken)} but got {token.GetType().Name}");
+        }
+
+        return identifier;
+    }
+
+    private LiteralToken ExpectLiteral()
+    {
+        var token = ExpectToken();
+        if (token is not LiteralToken literal)
+        {
+            throw new Exception($"Expected {nameof(LiteralToken)} but got {token.GetType().Name}");
+        }
+
+        return literal;
+    }
+
+    private Optional<Token> Peek()
+    {
+        while (_index < _tokens.Count && _tokens.ElementAt(_index) is SymbolToken { Symbol: Symbol.Whitespace })
+        {
+            Next();
+        }
+
+        if (_index < _tokens.Count)
+        {
+            return _tokens.ElementAt(_index);
+        }
+
+        return Optional<Token>.Empty();
+    }
+
+    private void Next()
+    {
+        _index++;
+    }
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/ReturnNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class ReturnNode(Optional<ExpressionNode> value) : StatementNode
+{
+    public Optional<ExpressionNode> Value { get; } = value;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/StatementNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public abstract class StatementNode : Node;

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/StructDefinitionNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class StructDefinitionNode(string name, List<StructField> members) : DefinitionNode
+{
+    public string Name { get; } = name;
+    public List<StructField> Members { get; } = members;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/StructInitializerNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class StructInitializerNode(NubType structType, Dictionary<string, ExpressionNode> initializers) : ExpressionNode
+{
+    public NubType StructType { get; } = structType;
+    public Dictionary<string, ExpressionNode> Initializers { get; } = initializers;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/StructMemberAccessorNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class StructMemberAccessorNode(List<string> members) : ExpressionNode
+{
+    public List<string> Members { get; } = members;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/VariableAssignmentNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class VariableAssignmentNode(string name, ExpressionNode value) : StatementNode
+{
+    public string Name { get; } = name;
+    public ExpressionNode Value { get; } = value;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/VariableReassignmentNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class VariableReassignmentNode(string name, ExpressionNode value) : StatementNode
+{
+    public string Name { get; } = name;
+    public ExpressionNode Value { get; } = value;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Parsing/WhileNode.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+public class WhileNode(ExpressionNode condition, BlockNode body) : StatementNode
+{
+    public ExpressionNode Condition { get; } = condition;
+    public BlockNode Body { get; } = body;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Frontend/Typing/ExpressionTyper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+using Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+namespace Nub.Lang.Frontend.Typing;
+
+public class Func(string name, List<FuncParameter> parameters, Optional<BlockNode> body, Optional<NubType> returnType)
+{
+    public string Name { get; } = name;
+    public List<FuncParameter> Parameters { get; } = parameters;
+    public Optional<BlockNode> Body { get; } = body;
+    public Optional<NubType> ReturnType { get; } = returnType;
+}
+
+public class ExpressionTyper
+{
+    private readonly List<Func> _functions;
+    private readonly List<StructDefinitionNode> _structDefinitions;
+    private readonly Stack<Variable> _variables;
+
+    public ExpressionTyper(List<DefinitionNode> definitions)
+    {
+        _variables = new Stack<Variable>();
+        _functions = [];
+        
+        _structDefinitions = definitions.OfType<StructDefinitionNode>().ToList();
+        
+        var functions = definitions
+            .OfType<LocalFuncDefinitionNode>()
+            .Select(f => new Func(f.Name, f.Parameters, f.Body, f.ReturnType))
+            .ToList();
+        
+        var externFunctions = definitions
+            .OfType<ExternFuncDefinitionNode>()
+            .Select(f => new Func(f.Name, f.Parameters, Optional<BlockNode>.Empty(), f.ReturnType))
+            .ToList();
+        
+        _functions.AddRange(functions);
+        _functions.AddRange(externFunctions);
+    }
+
+    public void Populate()
+    {
+        _variables.Clear();
+        
+        foreach (var @class in _structDefinitions)
+        {
+            foreach (var variable in @class.Members)
+            {
+                if (variable.Value.HasValue)
+                {
+                    PopulateExpression(variable.Value.Value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        foreach (var function in _functions)
+        {
+            foreach (var parameter in function.Parameters)
+            {
+                _variables.Push(new Variable(parameter.Name, parameter.Type));
+            }
+
+            if (function.Body.HasValue)
+            {
+                PopulateBlock(function.Body.Value);
+            }
+            for (var i = 0; i < function.Parameters.Count; i++)
+            {
+                _variables.Pop();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateBlock(BlockNode block)
+    {
+        var variableCount = _variables.Count;
+        foreach (var statement in block.Statements)
+        {
+            PopulateStatement(statement);
+        }
+        while (_variables.Count > variableCount)
+        {
+            _variables.Pop();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateStatement(StatementNode statement)
+    {
+        switch (statement)
+        {
+            case BreakNode:
+            case ContinueNode:
+                break;
+            case FuncCallStatementNode funcCall:
+                PopulateFuncCallStatement(funcCall);
+                break;
+            case IfNode ifStatement:
+                PopulateIf(ifStatement);
+                break;
+            case ReturnNode returnNode:
+                PopulateReturn(returnNode);
+                break;
+            case VariableAssignmentNode variableAssignment:
+                PopulateVariableAssignment(variableAssignment);
+                break;
+            case VariableReassignmentNode variableReassignment:
+                PopulateVariableReassignment(variableReassignment);
+                break;
+            case WhileNode whileStatement:
+                PopulateWhileStatement(whileStatement);
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(statement));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateFuncCallStatement(FuncCallStatementNode funcCall)
+    {
+        foreach (var parameter in funcCall.FuncCall.Parameters)
+        {
+            PopulateExpression(parameter);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateIf(IfNode ifStatement)
+    {
+        PopulateExpression(ifStatement.Condition);
+        PopulateBlock(ifStatement.Body);
+        if (ifStatement.Else.HasValue)
+        {
+            ifStatement.Else.Value.Match
+            (
+                PopulateIf,
+                PopulateBlock
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateReturn(ReturnNode returnNode)
+    {
+        if (returnNode.Value.HasValue)
+        {
+            PopulateExpression(returnNode.Value.Value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateVariableAssignment(VariableAssignmentNode variableAssignment)
+    {
+        PopulateExpression(variableAssignment.Value);
+        _variables.Push(new Variable(variableAssignment.Name, variableAssignment.Value.Type));
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateVariableReassignment(VariableReassignmentNode variableReassignment)
+    {
+        PopulateExpression(variableReassignment.Value);
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateWhileStatement(WhileNode whileStatement)
+    {
+        PopulateExpression(whileStatement.Condition);
+        PopulateBlock(whileStatement.Body);
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateExpression(ExpressionNode expression)
+    {
+        switch (expression)
+        {
+            case BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression:
+                PopulateBinaryExpression(binaryExpression);
+                break;
+            case FuncCallExpressionNode funcCall:
+                PopulateFuncCallExpression(funcCall);
+                break;
+            case IdentifierNode identifier:
+                PopulateIdentifier(identifier);
+                break;
+            case LiteralNode literal:
+                PopulateLiteral(literal);
+                break;
+            case StructInitializerNode structInitializer:
+                PopulateStructInitializer(structInitializer);
+                break;
+            case StructMemberAccessorNode structMemberAccessor:
+                GenerateStructMemberAccessorNode(structMemberAccessor);
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(expression));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateBinaryExpression(BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression)
+    {
+        PopulateExpression(binaryExpression.Left);
+        PopulateExpression(binaryExpression.Right);
+        switch (binaryExpression.Operator)
+        {
+            case BinaryExpressionOperator.Equal:
+            case BinaryExpressionOperator.NotEqual:
+            case BinaryExpressionOperator.GreaterThan:
+            case BinaryExpressionOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
+            case BinaryExpressionOperator.LessThan:
+            case BinaryExpressionOperator.LessThanOrEqual:
+            {
+                binaryExpression.Type = new NubType("bool", []);
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryExpressionOperator.Plus:
+            case BinaryExpressionOperator.Minus:
+            case BinaryExpressionOperator.Multiply:
+            case BinaryExpressionOperator.Divide:
+            {
+                binaryExpression.Type = binaryExpression.Left.Type;
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(binaryExpression.Operator));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateFuncCallExpression(FuncCallExpressionNode funcCall)
+    {
+        foreach (var parameter in funcCall.FuncCall.Parameters)
+        {
+            PopulateExpression(parameter);
+        }
+                
+        var function = _functions.FirstOrDefault(f => f.Name == funcCall.FuncCall.Name);
+        if (function == null)
+        {
+            throw new Exception($"Func {funcCall} is not defined");
+        }
+        if (!function.ReturnType.HasValue)
+        {
+            throw new Exception($"Func {funcCall} must have a return type when used in an expression");
+        }
+        funcCall.Type = function.ReturnType.Value;
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateIdentifier(IdentifierNode identifier)
+    {
+        var type = _variables.FirstOrDefault(v => v.Name == identifier.Identifier)?.Type;
+        if (type == null)
+        {
+            throw new Exception($"Variable {identifier} is not defined");
+        }
+        identifier.Type = type;
+    }
+
+    private static void PopulateLiteral(LiteralNode literal)
+    {
+        literal.Type = literal.LiteralType;
+    }
+
+    private void PopulateStructInitializer(StructInitializerNode structInitializer)
+    {
+        foreach (var initializer in structInitializer.Initializers)
+        {
+            PopulateExpression(initializer.Value);
+        }
+
+        structInitializer.Type = structInitializer.StructType;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Fix this ugly ass code
+    private void GenerateStructMemberAccessorNode(StructMemberAccessorNode structMemberAccessor)
+    {
+        var variable = _variables.FirstOrDefault(v => v.Name == structMemberAccessor.Members[0]);
+        if (variable == null)
+        {
+            throw new Exception($"Variable {structMemberAccessor.Members[0]} is not defined");
+        }
+        
+        var definition = _structDefinitions.FirstOrDefault(sd => sd.Name == variable.Type.Name);
+        if (definition == null)
+        {
+            throw new Exception($"Struct {structMemberAccessor.Members[0]} is not defined");
+        }
+
+        for (var i = 1; i < structMemberAccessor.Members.Count - 1; i++)
+        {
+            var member = definition.Members.FirstOrDefault(m => m.Name == structMemberAccessor.Members[i]);
+            if (member == null)
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Member {structMemberAccessor.Members[i]} does not exist on struct {definition.Name}");
+            }
+            
+            definition = _structDefinitions.FirstOrDefault(sd => sd.Name == member.Type.Name);
+            if (definition == null)
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"Struct {structMemberAccessor.Members[i]} is not defined");
+            }
+        }
+        
+        var tmp = definition.Members.FirstOrDefault(m => m.Name == structMemberAccessor.Members.Last());
+        if (tmp == null)
+        {
+            throw new Exception($"Member {structMemberAccessor.Members.Last()} does not exist on struct {definition.Name}");
+        }
+        
+        structMemberAccessor.Type = tmp.Type;
+    }
+
+    private class Variable(string name, NubType type)
+    {
+        public string Name { get; } = name;
+        public NubType Type { get; } = type;
+    }
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/FuncParameter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang;
+
+public class FuncParameter(string name, NubType type)
+{
+    public string Name { get; } = name;
+    public NubType Type { get; } = type;
+
+    public override string ToString() => $"{Name}: {Type}";
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Nub.Lang.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+    <PropertyGroup>
+        <AssemblyName>nub</AssemblyName>
+        <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+        <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
+        <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+        <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+        <PublishAot>true</PublishAot>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+
+</Project>

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/NubType.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang;
+
+public sealed class NubType
+{
+    public NubType(string name, NubType[] generics)
+    {
+        Name = name;
+        Generics = generics;
+    }
+
+    public string Name { get; }
+    public NubType[] Generics { get; }
+
+    public static NubType Int64 => new("int64", []);
+    public static NubType Int32 => new("int32", []);
+    public static NubType Bool => new("bool", []);
+    public static NubType String => new("string", []);
+
+    public override bool Equals(object? obj)
+    {
+        if (obj is not NubType item)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return Name.Equals(item.Name) && Generics.SequenceEqual(item.Generics);
+    }
+
+    public override int GetHashCode()
+    {
+        return HashCode.Combine(Name, Generics);
+    }
+
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        return $"{Name}<{string.Join(", ", Generics.Select(x => x.ToString()))}>";
+    }
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Optional.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+
+namespace Nub.Lang;
+
+public readonly struct Optional
+{
+    public static Optional<TValue> Empty<TValue>() => new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Alias for creating an Optional&lt;TValue&gt; which allows for implicit types
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="value"></param>
+    /// <typeparam name="TValue"></typeparam>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    public static Optional<TValue> OfNullable<TValue>(TValue? value)
+    {
+        return value ?? Optional<TValue>.Empty();
+    }
+}
+
+public readonly struct Optional<TValue>
+{
+    public static Optional<TValue> Empty() => new();
+
+    public static Optional<TValue> OfNullable(TValue? value)
+    {
+        return value ?? Empty();
+    }
+
+    public Optional()
+    {
+        Value = default;
+        HasValue = false;
+    }
+
+    public Optional(TValue value)
+    {
+        Value = value;
+        HasValue = true;
+    }
+
+    public TValue? Value { get; }
+
+    [MemberNotNullWhen(true, nameof(Value))]
+    public bool HasValue { get; }
+
+    public static implicit operator Optional<TValue>(TValue value) => new(value);
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Program.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+using Nub.Lang.Backend;
+using Nub.Lang.Frontend.Lexing;
+using Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+using Nub.Lang.Frontend.Typing;
+
+namespace Nub.Lang;
+
+internal static class Program
+{
+    private static readonly Lexer Lexer = new();
+    private static readonly Parser Parser = new();
+    
+    public static int Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        if (args.Length != 2)
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine("Usage:       nub <input-dir> <output-file>");
+            Console.WriteLine("Example:     nub src out.asm");
+            return 1;
+        }
+        
+        var input = Path.GetFullPath(args[0]);
+        var output = Path.GetFullPath(args[1]);
+        
+        if (!Directory.Exists(input))
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"Error: Input directory '{input}' does not exist.");
+            return 1;
+        }
+        
+        var outputDir = Path.GetDirectoryName(output);
+        if (outputDir == null || !Directory.Exists(outputDir))
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine($"Error: Output directory '{outputDir}' does not exist.");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Path.GetFileName(output)))
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine("Error: Output path must specify a file, not a directory.");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        var modules = RunFrontend(input);
+        var definitions = modules.SelectMany(f => f.Definitions).ToList();
+
+        var typer = new ExpressionTyper(definitions);
+        typer.Populate();
+
+        var generator = new Generator(definitions);
+        var result = generator.Generate();
+
+        File.WriteAllText(output, result);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    private static List<ModuleNode> RunFrontend(string path)
+    {
+        List<ModuleNode> modules = [];
+        RunFrontend(path, modules);
+        return modules;
+    }
+
+    private static void RunFrontend(string path, List<ModuleNode> modules)
+    {
+        var files = Directory.EnumerateFiles(path, "*.nub", SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly);
+
+        List<Token> tokens = [];
+        foreach (var file in files)
+        {
+            var src = File.ReadAllText(file);
+            tokens.AddRange(Lexer.Lex(src));
+        }
+
+        var module = Parser.ParseModule(tokens, path);
+        modules.Add(module);
+
+        foreach (var import in module.Imports)
+        {
+            var importPath = Path.GetFullPath(import, module.Path);
+            if (modules.All(m => m.Path != importPath))
+            {
+                RunFrontend(importPath, modules);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/StructField.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+using Nub.Lang.Frontend.Parsing;
+
+namespace Nub.Lang;
+
+public class StructField(string name, NubType type, Optional<ExpressionNode> value)
+{
+    public string Name { get; } = name;
+    public NubType Type { get; } = type;
+    public Optional<ExpressionNode> Value { get; } = value;
+}

src/compiler/Nub.Lang/Variant.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+namespace Nub.Lang;
+
+public readonly struct Variant<T1, T2> where T1 : notnull where T2 : notnull
+{
+    public Variant()
+    {
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("Variant must be initialized with a value");
+    }
+    
+    public Variant(T1 value)
+    {
+        _value = value;
+    }
+    
+    public Variant(T2 value)
+    {
+        _value = value;
+    }
+
+    private readonly object _value;
+
+    public void Match(Action<T1> on1, Action<T2> on2)
+    {
+        switch (_value)
+        {
+            case T1 v1:
+                on1(v1);
+                break;
+            case T2 v2:
+                on2(v2);
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new InvalidCastException();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public T Match<T>(Func<T1, T> on1, Func<T2, T> on2)
+    {
+        return _value switch
+        {
+            T1 v1 => on1(v1),
+            T2 v2 => on2(v2),
+            _ => throw new InvalidCastException()
+        };
+    }
+    
+    public static implicit operator Variant<T1, T2>(T1 value) => new(value);
+    public static implicit operator Variant<T1, T2>(T2 value) => new(value);
+}

src/runtime/gc.c

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#define MINIMUM_THRESHOLD (1024 * 1024 * 8)
+#define MINIMUM_BLOCK_SIZE 4096
+
+typedef struct alloc_block {
+    uint64_t mark;
+    uint64_t size;
+    struct alloc_block* next;
+} alloc_block_t;
+
+typedef struct free_block {
+    uint64_t size;
+    struct free_block* next;
+} free_block_t;
+
+static alloc_block_t* alloc_list_head = NULL;
+static free_block_t* free_list_head = NULL;
+static void* stack_start = NULL;
+static int64_t free_list_size = 0;
+static int64_t mark_count = 0;
+
+/* Bytes allocated since last collect */
+static int64_t bytes_allocated = 0;
+/* Threshold for next collect */
+static int64_t trigger_threshold = MINIMUM_THRESHOLD;
+
+static void* sys_mmap(size_t size);
+static void* get_sp(void);
+static void gc_collect(void);
+static void gc_mark(void* ptr);
+static void gc_mark_stack(void);
+static void gc_sweep(void);
+static int64_t max(int64_t a, int64_t b);
+static void insert_into_free(free_block_t* block);
+static void merge(free_block_t* block);
+
+void gc_init(void) {
+    stack_start = get_sp();
+}
+
+/* Allocate memory with garbage collection */
+void* gc_alloc(int64_t size) {
+    size += sizeof(alloc_block_t);  // Adjust for metadata size
+
+    if (bytes_allocated > trigger_threshold) {
+        gc_collect();
+    }
+
+    bytes_allocated += size;
+
+    // Search free list for a suitable block
+    free_block_t* current = free_list_head;
+    free_block_t* prev = NULL;
+
+    while (current != NULL) {
+        if (current->size >= size) {
+            // Found a suitable block
+            break;
+        }
+        prev = current;
+        current = current->next;
+    }
+
+    if (current == NULL) {
+        // No suitable block found, allocate a new one
+        int64_t alloc_size = max(size, MINIMUM_BLOCK_SIZE);
+        void* memory = sys_mmap(alloc_size);
+
+        free_block_t* new_block = (free_block_t*)memory;
+        new_block->size = alloc_size - sizeof(free_block_t);
+        new_block->next = NULL;
+
+        insert_into_free(new_block);
+        current = new_block;
+
+        // Recalculate prev
+        if (current == free_list_head) {
+            prev = NULL;
+        } else {
+            prev = free_list_head;
+            while (prev->next != current) {
+                prev = prev->next;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Use the block
+    alloc_block_t* result;
+
+    if (current->size > size) {
+        // Block is larger than needed, split it
+        result = (alloc_block_t*)((char*)current + current->size + sizeof(free_block_t) - size);
+        current->size -= size;
+    } else {
+        // Use the entire block
+        result = (alloc_block_t*)current;
+
+        // Remove block from free list
+        if (prev == NULL) {
+            free_list_head = current->next;
+        } else {
+            prev->next = current->next;
+        }
+
+        free_list_size--;
+    }
+
+    // Initialize metadata
+    result->mark = 0;
+    result->size = size - sizeof(alloc_block_t);
+    result->next = alloc_list_head;
+    alloc_list_head = result;
+
+    // Return pointer to usable memory
+    return (void*)(result + 1);
+}
+
+/* Run garbage collection */
+static void gc_collect(void) {
+    gc_mark_stack();
+    gc_sweep();
+    trigger_threshold = max(bytes_allocated * 2, MINIMUM_THRESHOLD);
+    bytes_allocated = 0;
+}
+
+static void gc_mark_stack(void) {
+    mark_count = 0;
+
+    void** current = get_sp();
+    void** end = (void**)stack_start;
+
+    while (current < end) {
+        gc_mark(*current);
+        current++;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Mark a single object and recursively mark its contents */
+static void gc_mark(void* ptr) {
+    if (ptr == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    alloc_block_t* block = alloc_list_head;
+    while (block != NULL) {
+        void* block_data = (void*)(block + 1);
+        if (block_data == ptr) {
+            if (block->mark == 0) {
+                mark_count++;
+                block->mark = 1;
+
+                void** p = (void**)block_data;
+                void** end = (void**)((char*)block_data + block->size);
+                while (p < end) {
+                    gc_mark(*p);
+                    p++;
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        block = block->next;
+    }
+}
+
+static void gc_sweep(void) {
+    alloc_block_t* current = alloc_list_head;
+    alloc_block_t* prev = NULL;
+
+    while (current != NULL) {
+        if (current->mark == 0) {
+            alloc_block_t* next = current->next;
+
+            if (prev == NULL) {
+                alloc_list_head = next;
+            } else {
+                prev->next = next;
+            }
+
+            bytes_allocated -= (current->size + sizeof(alloc_block_t));
+
+            free_block_t* free_block = (free_block_t*)current;
+            free_block->size = current->size + sizeof(alloc_block_t) - sizeof(free_block_t);
+            free_block->next = NULL;
+
+            insert_into_free(free_block);
+
+            current = next;
+        } else {
+            current->mark = 0;
+            prev = current;
+            current = current->next;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Insert a block into the free list, maintaining address order */
+static void insert_into_free(free_block_t* block) {
+    if (free_list_head == NULL || block < free_list_head) {
+        // Insert at head
+        block->next = free_list_head;
+        free_list_head = block;
+        free_list_size++;
+        merge(block);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Find insertion point
+    free_block_t* current = free_list_head;
+    while (current->next != NULL && current->next < block) {
+        current = current->next;
+    }
+
+    // Insert after current
+    block->next = current->next;
+    current->next = block;
+    free_list_size++;
+
+    // Try to merge adjacent blocks
+    merge(current);
+}
+
+static void merge(free_block_t* block) {
+    while (block->next != NULL) {
+        char* block_end = (char*)block + block->size + sizeof(free_block_t);
+        if (block_end == (char*)block->next) {
+            free_list_size--;
+            block->size += block->next->size + sizeof(free_block_t);
+            block->next = block->next->next;
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void* sys_mmap(size_t size) {
+    void* result = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+
+    if (result == MAP_FAILED) {
+        perror("[sys_mmap] mmap failed");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static int64_t max(int64_t a, int64_t b) {
+    if (a > b) {
+        return a;
+    } else {
+        return b;
+    }
+}
+
+void* get_sp(void) {
+    volatile unsigned long var = 0;
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wreturn-local-addr"
+    return (void*)((unsigned long)&var + 4);
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+}

src/runtime/runtime.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+global _start
+extern main, gc_init
+
+section .text
+_start:
+    call gc_init
+    call main
+    mov rax, 60
+    mov rdi, 0
+    syscall
+
+global nub_strcmp
+section .text
+nub_strcmp:
+	xor rdx, rdx
+.loop:
+	mov al, [rsi + rdx]
+	mov bl, [rdi + rdx]
+	inc rdx
+	cmp al, bl
+	jne .not_equal
+	cmp al, 0
+	je .equal
+	jmp .loop
+.not_equal:
+	mov rax, 0
+	ret
+.equal:
+	mov rax, 1
+	ret