using System.Diagnostics; using System.Globalization; using NubLang.Tokenization; using NubLang.TypeChecking.Node; namespace NubLang.Generation.QBE; public partial class QBEGenerator { private Val EmitExpression(ExpressionNode expression) { return expression switch { ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializer => EmitArrayInitializer(arrayInitializer), StructInitializerNode structInitializer => EmitStructInitializer(structInitializer), AddressOfNode addressOf => EmitAddressOf(addressOf), DereferenceNode dereference => EmitDereference(dereference), ArrowFuncNode arrowFunc => EmitArrowFunc(arrowFunc), BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression => EmitBinaryExpression(binaryExpression), FuncCallNode funcCallExpression => EmitFuncCall(funcCallExpression), InterfaceFuncAccessNode interfaceFuncAccess => EmitInterfaceFuncAccess(interfaceFuncAccess), InterfaceInitializerNode interfaceInitializer => EmitInterfaceInitializer(interfaceInitializer), ExternFuncIdentNode externFuncIdent => EmitExternFuncIdent(externFuncIdent), LocalFuncIdentNode localFuncIdent => EmitLocalFuncIdent(localFuncIdent), VariableIdentNode variableIdent => EmitVariableIdent(variableIdent), LiteralNode literal => EmitLiteral(literal), UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpression => EmitUnaryExpression(unaryExpression), StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccess => EmitStructFieldAccess(structFieldAccess), StructFuncAccessNode structFuncAccess => EmitStructFuncAccess(structFuncAccess), ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndex => EmitArrayIndexAccess(arrayIndex), _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(expression)) }; } private Val EmitArrowFunc(ArrowFuncNode arrowFunc) { var name = $"$arrow_func{++_arrowFuncIndex}"; _arrowFunctions.Enqueue((arrowFunc, name)); return new Val(name, arrowFunc.Type, ValKind.Direct); } private Val EmitArrayIndexAccess(ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccess) { var array = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccess.Target)); var index = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccess.Index)); EmitArraysCheck(array, index); var elementType = ((ArrayTypeNode)arrayIndexAccess.Target.Type).ElementType; var pointer = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{pointer} =l mul {index}, {SizeOf(elementType)}"); _writer.Indented($"{pointer} =l add {pointer}, 8"); _writer.Indented($"{pointer} =l add {array}, {pointer}"); return new Val(pointer, arrayIndexAccess.Type, ValKind.Pointer); } private void EmitArraysCheck(string array, string index) { var count = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{count} =l loadl {array}"); var isNegative = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{isNegative} =w csltl {index}, 0"); var isOob = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{isOob} =w csgel {index}, {count}"); var anyOob = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{anyOob} =w or {isNegative}, {isOob}"); var oobLabel = LabelName(); var notOobLabel = LabelName(); _writer.Indented($"jnz {anyOob}, {oobLabel}, {notOobLabel}"); _writer.Indented(oobLabel); _writer.Indented($"call $nub_panic_array_oob()"); _writer.Indented(notOobLabel); } private Val EmitArrayInitializer(ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializer) { var capacity = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayInitializer.Capacity)); var elementSize = SizeOf(arrayInitializer.ElementType); var capacityInBytes = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{capacityInBytes} =l mul {capacity}, {elementSize}"); var totalSize = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{totalSize} =l add {capacityInBytes}, 8"); var arrayPointer = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{arrayPointer} =l alloc8 {totalSize}"); _writer.Indented($"storel {capacity}, {arrayPointer}"); var dataPointer = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{dataPointer} =l add {arrayPointer}, 8"); _writer.Indented($"call $nub_memset(l {dataPointer}, w 0, l {capacityInBytes})"); return new Val(arrayPointer, arrayInitializer.Type, ValKind.Direct); } private Val EmitDereference(DereferenceNode dereference) { return EmitLoad(dereference.Type, EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(dereference.Expression))); } private Val EmitAddressOf(AddressOfNode addressOf) { var value = EmitExpression(addressOf.Expression); if (value.Kind != ValKind.Pointer) { throw new UnreachableException("Tried to take address of non-pointer type. This should have been causht in the type checker"); } return new Val(value.Name, addressOf.Type, ValKind.Direct); } private Val EmitBinaryExpression(BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression) { var left = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(binaryExpression.Left)); var right = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(binaryExpression.Right)); var outputName = TmpName(); var instruction = EmitBinaryInstructionFor(binaryExpression.Operator, binaryExpression.Left.Type, left, right); _writer.Indented($"{outputName} {QBEAssign(binaryExpression.Left.Type)} {instruction} {left}, {right}"); return new Val(outputName, binaryExpression.Type, ValKind.Direct); } private string EmitBinaryInstructionFor(BinaryOperator op, TypeNode type, string left, string right) { if (op is BinaryOperator.Equal or BinaryOperator.NotEqual or BinaryOperator.GreaterThan or BinaryOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual or BinaryOperator.LessThan or BinaryOperator.LessThanOrEqual) { char suffix; if (!type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out _)) { throw new NotSupportedException("Binary operations is only supported for simple types."); } switch (simpleType.StorageSize) { case StorageSize.I8: _writer.Indented($"{left} =w extsb {left}"); _writer.Indented($"{right} =w extsb {right}"); suffix = 'w'; break; case StorageSize.U8: _writer.Indented($"{left} =w extub {left}"); _writer.Indented($"{right} =w extub {right}"); suffix = 'w'; break; case StorageSize.I16: _writer.Indented($"{left} =w extsh {left}"); _writer.Indented($"{right} =w extsh {right}"); suffix = 'w'; break; case StorageSize.U16: _writer.Indented($"{left} =w extuh {left}"); _writer.Indented($"{right} =w extuh {right}"); suffix = 'w'; break; case StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32: suffix = 'w'; break; case StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64: suffix = 'l'; break; default: throw new NotSupportedException($"Unsupported type '{simpleType}' for binary operator '{op}'"); } if (op is BinaryOperator.Equal) { return "ceq" + suffix; } if (op is BinaryOperator.NotEqual) { return "cne" + suffix; } string sign; if (simpleType is IntTypeNode { Signed: true }) { sign = "s"; } else if (simpleType is IntTypeNode { Signed: false }) { sign = "u"; } else { throw new NotSupportedException($"Unsupported type '{type}' for binary operator '{op}'"); } return op switch { BinaryOperator.GreaterThan => 'c' + sign + "gt" + suffix, BinaryOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual => 'c' + sign + "ge" + suffix, BinaryOperator.LessThan => 'c' + sign + "lt" + suffix, BinaryOperator.LessThanOrEqual => 'c' + sign + "le" + suffix, _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(op), op, null) }; } return op switch { BinaryOperator.Plus => "add", BinaryOperator.Minus => "sub", BinaryOperator.Multiply => "mul", BinaryOperator.Divide => "div", _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(op)) }; } private Val EmitExternFuncIdent(ExternFuncIdentNode externFuncIdent) { var func = _definitionTable.LookupExternFunc(externFuncIdent.Name); return new Val(ExternFuncName(func), externFuncIdent.Type, ValKind.Direct); } private Val EmitLocalFuncIdent(LocalFuncIdentNode localFuncIdent) { var func = _definitionTable.LookupLocalFunc(localFuncIdent.Name); return new Val(LocalFuncName(func), localFuncIdent.Type, ValKind.Direct); } private Val EmitVariableIdent(VariableIdentNode variableIdent) { return Scope.Lookup(variableIdent.Name); } private Val EmitLiteral(LiteralNode literal) { switch (literal.Kind) { case LiteralKind.Integer: { if (literal.Type is FloatTypeNode { Width: 32 }) { var value = float.Parse(literal.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); var bits = BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(value); return new Val(bits.ToString(), literal.Type, ValKind.Direct); } if (literal.Type is FloatTypeNode { Width: 64 }) { var value = double.Parse(literal.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); var bits = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value); return new Val(bits.ToString(), literal.Type, ValKind.Direct); } if (literal.Type is IntTypeNode) { return new Val(literal.Value, literal.Type, ValKind.Direct); } break; } case LiteralKind.Float: { if (literal.Type is IntTypeNode) { return new Val(literal.Value.Split(".").First(), literal.Type, ValKind.Direct); } if (literal.Type is FloatTypeNode { Width: 32 }) { var value = float.Parse(literal.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); var bits = BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(value); return new Val(bits.ToString(), literal.Type, ValKind.Direct); } if (literal.Type is FloatTypeNode { Width: 64 }) { var value = double.Parse(literal.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); var bits = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value); return new Val(bits.ToString(), literal.Type, ValKind.Direct); } break; } case LiteralKind.String: { if (literal.Type is StringTypeNode) { var stringLiteral = new StringLiteral(literal.Value, StringName()); _stringLiterals.Add(stringLiteral); return new Val(stringLiteral.Name, literal.Type, ValKind.Direct); } if (literal.Type is CStringTypeNode) { var cStringLiteral = new CStringLiteral(literal.Value, CStringName()); _cStringLiterals.Add(cStringLiteral); return new Val(cStringLiteral.Name, literal.Type, ValKind.Direct); } break; } case LiteralKind.Bool: { if (literal.Type is BoolTypeNode) { return new Val(bool.Parse(literal.Value) ? "1" : "0", literal.Type, ValKind.Direct); } break; } } throw new NotSupportedException($"Cannot create literal of kind '{literal.Kind}' for type {literal.Type}"); } private Val EmitStructInitializer(StructInitializerNode structInitializer, string? destination = null) { var structDef = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(structInitializer.StructType.Name); if (destination == null) { destination = TmpName(); var size = SizeOf(structInitializer.StructType); _writer.Indented($"{destination} =l alloc8 {size}"); } // if (structDef.InterfaceImplementations.Any()) // { // _writer.Indented($"storel {destination}, {StructVtableName(structDef.Name)}"); // } foreach (var field in structDef.Fields) { if (!structInitializer.Initializers.TryGetValue(field.Name, out var valueExpression)) { valueExpression = field.Value.Value; } Debug.Assert(valueExpression != null); var offset = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{offset} =l add {destination}, {OffsetOf(structDef, field.Name)}"); EmitCopyIntoOrInitialize(valueExpression, offset); } return new Val(destination, structInitializer.StructType, ValKind.Direct); } private Val EmitUnaryExpression(UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpression) { var operand = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(unaryExpression.Operand)); var outputName = TmpName(); switch (unaryExpression.Operator) { case UnaryOperator.Negate: { switch (unaryExpression.Operand.Type) { case IntTypeNode { Signed: true, Width: 64 }: _writer.Indented($"{outputName} =l neg {operand}"); return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type, ValKind.Direct); case IntTypeNode { Signed: true, Width: 8 or 16 or 32 }: _writer.Indented($"{outputName} =w neg {operand}"); return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type, ValKind.Direct); case FloatTypeNode { Width: 64 }: _writer.Indented($"{outputName} =d neg {operand}"); return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type, ValKind.Direct); case FloatTypeNode { Width: 32 }: _writer.Indented($"{outputName} =s neg {operand}"); return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type, ValKind.Direct); } break; } case UnaryOperator.Invert: { switch (unaryExpression.Operand.Type) { case BoolTypeNode: _writer.Indented($"{outputName} =w xor {operand}, 1"); return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type, ValKind.Direct); } break; } default: { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(); } } throw new NotSupportedException($"Unary operator {unaryExpression.Operator} for type {unaryExpression.Operand.Type} not supported"); } private Val EmitStructFieldAccess(StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccess) { var target = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(structFieldAccess.Target)); var structDef = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(structFieldAccess.StructType.Name); var offset = OffsetOf(structDef, structFieldAccess.Field); var output = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{output} =l add {target}, {offset}"); // If the accessed member is an inline struct, it will not be a pointer if (structFieldAccess.Type is StructTypeNode) { return new Val(output, structFieldAccess.Type, ValKind.Direct); } return new Val(output, structFieldAccess.Type, ValKind.Pointer); } private Val EmitStructFuncAccess(StructFuncAccessNode structFuncAccess) { var target = EmitExpression(structFuncAccess.Target); Debug.Assert(target.Kind == ValKind.Pointer); var structDef = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(structFuncAccess.StructType.Name); var func = StructFuncName(structDef.Name, structFuncAccess.Func); return new Val(func, structFuncAccess.Type, ValKind.Direct, target.Name); } private Val EmitInterfaceFuncAccess(InterfaceFuncAccessNode interfaceFuncAccess) { var target = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(interfaceFuncAccess.Target)); var interfaceDef = _definitionTable.LookupInterface(interfaceFuncAccess.InterfaceType.Name); var functionIndex = interfaceDef.Functions.ToList().FindIndex(x => x.Name == interfaceFuncAccess.FuncName); var offset = functionIndex * 8; var vtable = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{vtable} =l loadl {target}"); var funcOffset = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{funcOffset} =l add {vtable}, {offset}"); var func = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{func} =l loadl {funcOffset}"); var data = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{data} =l add {target}, 8"); return new Val(func, interfaceFuncAccess.Type, ValKind.Direct, data); } private Val EmitInterfaceInitializer(InterfaceInitializerNode interfaceInitializer) { var implementation = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(interfaceInitializer.Implementation)); var vtableOffset = 0; foreach (var interfaceImplementation in interfaceInitializer.StructType.InterfaceImplementations) { if (interfaceImplementation == interfaceInitializer.InterfaceType) { break; } vtableOffset += interfaceImplementation.Functions.Count * 8; } var result = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{result} =l alloc8 16"); var interfaceVtablePointer = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{interfaceVtablePointer} =l add {StructVtableName(interfaceInitializer.StructType.Name)}, {vtableOffset}"); _writer.Indented($"storel {interfaceVtablePointer}, {result}"); var objectPointer = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{objectPointer} =l add {result}, 8"); _writer.Indented($"storel {implementation}, {objectPointer}"); return new Val(result, interfaceInitializer.InterfaceType, ValKind.Direct); } private Val EmitFuncCall(FuncCallNode funcCall) { var expression = EmitExpression(funcCall.Expression); var funcPointer = EmitUnwrap(expression); var parameterStrings = new List(); if (expression.ThisArg != null) { parameterStrings.Add($"l {expression.ThisArg}"); } foreach (var parameter in funcCall.Parameters) { var copy = EmitCreateCopyOrInitialize(parameter); parameterStrings.Add($"{FuncQBETypeName(parameter.Type)} {copy}"); } if (funcCall.Type is VoidTypeNode) { _writer.Indented($"call {funcPointer}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})"); return new Val(string.Empty, funcCall.Type, ValKind.Direct); } else { var outputName = TmpName(); _writer.Indented($"{outputName} {QBEAssign(funcCall.Type)} call {funcPointer}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})"); return new Val(outputName, funcCall.Type, ValKind.Direct); } } }