struct resolution

compiler/Program.cs

@@ -8,38 +8,34 @@ foreach (var fileName in args)
     var tokens = Tokenizer.Tokenize(fileName, file, out var tokenizerDiagnostics);
 
     foreach (var diagnostic in tokenizerDiagnostics)
-    {
         DiagnosticFormatter.Print(diagnostic, Console.Error);
-    }
 
     if (tokenizerDiagnostics.Any(x => x.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error))
-    {
         return 1;
-    }
 
     var ast = Parser.Parse(fileName, tokens, out var parserDiagnostics);
 
     foreach (var diagnostic in parserDiagnostics)
-    {
         DiagnosticFormatter.Print(diagnostic, Console.Error);
-    }
 
     if (parserDiagnostics.Any(x => x.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error))
-    {
         return 1;
-    }
 
-    var typedAst = TypeChecker.Check(fileName, ast, out var typeCheckerDiagnostics);
+    var typeResolver = TypeResolver.Create(fileName, ast, out var typeResolverDiagnostics);
+
+    foreach (var diagnostic in typeResolverDiagnostics)
+        DiagnosticFormatter.Print(diagnostic, Console.Error);
+
+    if (typeResolverDiagnostics.Any(x => x.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error))
+        return 1;
+
+    var typedAst = TypeChecker.Check(fileName, ast, typeResolver, out var typeCheckerDiagnostics);
 
     foreach (var diagnostic in typeCheckerDiagnostics)
-    {
         DiagnosticFormatter.Print(diagnostic, Console.Error);
-    }
 
     if (typeCheckerDiagnostics.Any(x => x.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error))
-    {
         return 1;
-    }
 
     var output = Generator.Emit(typedAst);
 

compiler/TypeChecker.cs

@@ -1,30 +1,22 @@
 namespace Compiler;
 
-public sealed class TypeChecker(string fileName, Ast ast)
+public sealed class TypeChecker(string fileName, Ast ast, TypeResolver typeResolver)
 {
-    public static TypedAst Check(string fileName, Ast ast, out List<Diagnostic> diagnostics)
+    public static TypedAst Check(string fileName, Ast ast, TypeResolver typeResolver, out List<Diagnostic> diagnostics)
     {
-        return new TypeChecker(fileName, ast).Check(out diagnostics);
+        return new TypeChecker(fileName, ast, typeResolver).Check(out diagnostics);
     }
 
     private Scope scope = new(null);
-    private Dictionary<string, NubTypeStruct> structTypes = new();
 
     private TypedAst Check(out List<Diagnostic> diagnostics)
     {
-        var functions = new List<TypedNodeDefinitionFunc>();
         diagnostics = [];
-
-        // todo(nub31): Types must be resolved better to prevent circular dependencies and independent ordering
-        foreach (var structDef in ast.Structs)
-        {
-            var fields = structDef.Fields.Select(x => new NubTypeStruct.Field(x.Name.Ident, CheckType(x.Type))).ToList();
-            structTypes.Add(structDef.Name.Ident, new NubTypeStruct(fields));
-        }
+        var functions = new List<TypedNodeDefinitionFunc>();
 
         foreach (var funcDef in ast.Functions)
         {
-            var type = new NubTypeFunc(funcDef.Parameters.Select(x => CheckType(x.Type)).ToList(), CheckType(funcDef.ReturnType));
+            var type = new NubTypeFunc(funcDef.Parameters.Select(x => typeResolver.Resolve(x.Type)).ToList(), typeResolver.Resolve(funcDef.ReturnType));
             scope.DeclareIdentifier(funcDef.Name.Ident, type);
         }
 
@@ -40,17 +32,17 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker(string fileName, Ast ast)
             }
         }
 
-        return new TypedAst(structTypes.Values.ToList(), functions);
+        return new TypedAst(typeResolver.GetAllStructs(), functions);
     }
 
     private TypedNodeDefinitionFunc CheckDefinitionFunc(NodeDefinitionFunc definition)
     {
-        return new TypedNodeDefinitionFunc(definition.Tokens, definition.Name, definition.Parameters.Select(CheckDefinitionFuncParameter).ToList(), CheckStatement(definition.Body), CheckType(definition.ReturnType));
+        return new TypedNodeDefinitionFunc(definition.Tokens, definition.Name, definition.Parameters.Select(CheckDefinitionFuncParameter).ToList(), CheckStatement(definition.Body), typeResolver.Resolve(definition.ReturnType));
     }
 
     private TypedNodeDefinitionFunc.Param CheckDefinitionFuncParameter(NodeDefinitionFunc.Param node)
     {
-        return new TypedNodeDefinitionFunc.Param(node.Tokens, node.Name, CheckType(node.Type));
+        return new TypedNodeDefinitionFunc.Param(node.Tokens, node.Name, typeResolver.Resolve(node.Type));
     }
 
     private TypedNodeStatement CheckStatement(NodeStatement node)
@@ -95,7 +87,7 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker(string fileName, Ast ast)
 
     private TypedNodeStatementVariableDeclaration CheckStatementVariableDeclaration(NodeStatementVariableDeclaration statement)
     {
-        var type = CheckType(statement.Type);
+        var type = typeResolver.Resolve(statement.Type);
         var value = CheckExpression(statement.Value);
 
         if (type != value.Type)
@@ -299,7 +291,7 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker(string fileName, Ast ast)
 
     private TypedNodeExpressionStructLiteral CheckExpressionStructLiteral(NodeExpressionStructLiteral expression)
     {
-        var type = structTypes.GetValueOrDefault(expression.Name.Ident);
+        var type = typeResolver.GetNamedStruct(expression.Name.Ident);
         if (type == null)
             throw new CompileException(Diagnostic.Error($"Undeclared struct '{expression.Name.Ident}'").At(fileName, expression.Name).Build());
 
@@ -320,34 +312,9 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker(string fileName, Ast ast)
         return new TypedNodeExpressionStructLiteral(expression.Tokens, type, initializers);
     }
 
-    private NubType CheckType(NodeType node)
-    {
-        return node switch
-        {
-            NodeTypeBool type => new NubTypeBool(),
-            NodeTypeCustom type => CheckStructType(type),
-            NodeTypeFunc type => new NubTypeFunc(type.Parameters.Select(CheckType).ToList(), CheckType(type.ReturnType)),
-            NodeTypePointer type => new NubTypePointer(CheckType(type.To)),
-            NodeTypeSInt type => new NubTypeSInt(type.Width),
-            NodeTypeUInt type => new NubTypeUInt(type.Width),
-            NodeTypeString type => new NubTypeString(),
-            NodeTypeVoid type => new NubTypeVoid(),
-            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(node))
-        };
-    }
-
-    private NubTypeStruct CheckStructType(NodeTypeCustom type)
-    {
-        var structType = structTypes.GetValueOrDefault(type.Name.Ident);
-        if (structType == null)
-            throw new CompileException(Diagnostic.Error($"Unknown custom type: {type}").At(fileName, type).Build());
-
-        return structType;
-    }
-
     private class Scope(Scope? parent)
     {
-        private Dictionary<string, NubType> identifiers = new();
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, NubType> identifiers = new();
 
         public void DeclareIdentifier(string name, NubType type)
         {
@@ -599,10 +566,26 @@ public sealed class NubTypeString : NubType
     public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(NubTypeString));
 }
 
-public sealed class NubTypeStruct(List<NubTypeStruct.Field> fields) : NubType
+public sealed class NubTypeStruct : NubType
 {
-    public readonly List<Field> Fields = fields;
-    public override string ToString() => $"struct {{ {string.Join(' ', Fields.Select(x => $"{x.Name}: {x.Type}"))} }}";
+    private List<Field>? _resolvedFields;
+    public List<Field> Fields => _resolvedFields ?? throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+    public void ResolveFields(List<Field> fields)
+    {
+        if (_resolvedFields != null)
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"{ToString()} already resolved");
+
+        _resolvedFields = fields;
+    }
+
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        if (_resolvedFields == null)
+            return "struct <unresolved>";
+
+        return $"struct {{ {string.Join(' ', Fields.Select(f => $"{f.Name}: {f.Type}"))} }}";
+    }
 
     public override bool Equals(NubType? other)
     {

compiler/TypeResolver.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+namespace Compiler;
+
+public sealed class TypeResolver(string fileName)
+{
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, NubTypeStruct> structTypes = [];
+
+    public List<NubTypeStruct> GetAllStructs() => structTypes.Values.ToList();
+    public NubTypeStruct? GetNamedStruct(string name) => structTypes.GetValueOrDefault(name);
+
+    public static TypeResolver Create(string fileName, Ast ast, out List<Diagnostic> diagnostics)
+    {
+        diagnostics = [];
+        var resolver = new TypeResolver(fileName);
+
+        foreach (var structDef in ast.Structs)
+        {
+            if (resolver.structTypes.ContainsKey(structDef.Name.Ident))
+            {
+                diagnostics.Add(Diagnostic.Error($"Duplicate struct: {structDef.Name.Ident}").At(fileName, structDef.Name).Build());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            resolver.structTypes.Add(structDef.Name.Ident, new NubTypeStruct());
+        }
+
+        foreach (var structDef in ast.Structs)
+        {
+            var structType = resolver.structTypes[structDef.Name.Ident];
+
+            try
+            {
+                structType.ResolveFields(structDef.Fields.Select(f => new NubTypeStruct.Field(f.Name.Ident, resolver.Resolve(f.Type))).ToList());
+            }
+            catch (CompileException e)
+            {
+                diagnostics.Add(e.Diagnostic);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return resolver;
+    }
+
+    public NubType Resolve(NodeType node)
+    {
+        return node switch
+        {
+            NodeTypeBool type => new NubTypeBool(),
+            NodeTypeCustom type => ResolveStruct(type),
+            NodeTypeFunc type => new NubTypeFunc(type.Parameters.Select(Resolve).ToList(), Resolve(type.ReturnType)),
+            NodeTypePointer type => new NubTypePointer(Resolve(type.To)),
+            NodeTypeSInt type => new NubTypeSInt(type.Width),
+            NodeTypeUInt type => new NubTypeUInt(type.Width),
+            NodeTypeString type => new NubTypeString(),
+            NodeTypeVoid type => new NubTypeVoid(),
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(node))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private NubTypeStruct ResolveStruct(NodeTypeCustom type)
+    {
+        var structType = structTypes.GetValueOrDefault(type.Name.Ident);
+        if (structType == null)
+            throw new CompileException(Diagnostic.Error($"Unknown custom type: {type}").At(fileName, type).Build());
+
+        return structType;
+    }
+}