...

compiler/NubLang/Ast/Node.cs

@@ -596,6 +596,8 @@ public class CastNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode value, Ca
 
         ConstArrayToArray,
         ConstArrayToSlice,
+
+        StringToCString
     }
 
     public ExpressionNode Value { get; } = value;
@@ -607,7 +609,7 @@ public class CastNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode value, Ca
     }
 }
 
-public class StructInitializerNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, Dictionary<IdentifierToken, ExpressionNode> initializers) : RValue(tokens, type)
+public class StructInitializerNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, Dictionary<IdentifierToken, ExpressionNode> initializers) : LValue(tokens, type)
 {
     public Dictionary<IdentifierToken, ExpressionNode> Initializers { get; } = initializers;
 
@@ -620,7 +622,7 @@ public class StructInitializerNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, Dictionary<
     }
 }
 
-public class ConstArrayInitializerNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, List<ExpressionNode> values) : RValue(tokens, type)
+public class ConstArrayInitializerNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, List<ExpressionNode> values) : LValue(tokens, type)
 {
     public List<ExpressionNode> Values { get; } = values;
 

compiler/NubLang/Ast/TypeChecker.cs

@@ -389,6 +389,11 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker
                 conversion = CastNode.Conversion.ConstArrayToSlice;
                 return true;
             }
+            case NubStringType when to is NubPointerType { BaseType: NubIntType { Signed: true, Width: 8 } }:
+            {
+                conversion = CastNode.Conversion.StringToCString;
+                return true;
+            }
         }
 
         if (!strict)

compiler/NubLang/Generation/LlvmSharpGenerator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,781 @@
+using System.Text;
+using LLVMSharp.Interop;
+using NubLang.Ast;
+using NubLang.Modules;
+using NubLang.Types;
+
+namespace NubLang.Generation;
+
+public class LlvmSharpGenerator
+{
+    private string _module = string.Empty;
+    private LLVMContextRef _context;
+    private LLVMModuleRef _llvmModule;
+    private LLVMBuilderRef _builder;
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, LLVMTypeRef> _structTypes = new();
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, LLVMValueRef> _functions = new();
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, LLVMValueRef> _locals = new();
+    private readonly Stack<(LLVMBasicBlockRef breakBlock, LLVMBasicBlockRef continueBlock)> _loopStack = new();
+
+    public void Emit(List<TopLevelNode> topLevelNodes, ModuleRepository repository, string sourceFileName, string outputPath)
+    {
+        _module = topLevelNodes.OfType<ModuleNode>().First().NameToken.Value;
+
+        _context = LLVMContextRef.Global;
+        _llvmModule = _context.CreateModuleWithName(sourceFileName);
+        _llvmModule.Target = "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu";
+        _llvmModule.DataLayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128";
+
+        _builder = _context.CreateBuilder();
+
+        _structTypes.Clear();
+        _functions.Clear();
+        _locals.Clear();
+        _loopStack.Clear();
+
+        var stringType = _context.CreateNamedStruct("nub.string");
+        stringType.StructSetBody([LLVMTypeRef.Int64, LLVMTypeRef.CreatePointer(LLVMTypeRef.Int8, 0)], false);
+        _structTypes["nub.string"] = stringType;
+
+        foreach (var module in repository.GetAll())
+        {
+            foreach (var structType in module.StructTypes)
+            {
+                var structName = StructName(structType.Module, structType.Name);
+                var llvmStructType = _context.CreateNamedStruct(structName);
+                _structTypes[structName] = llvmStructType;
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach (var module in repository.GetAll())
+        {
+            foreach (var structType in module.StructTypes)
+            {
+                var structName = StructName(structType.Module, structType.Name);
+                var llvmStructType = _structTypes[structName];
+                var fieldTypes = structType.Fields.Select(f => MapType(f.Type)).ToArray();
+                llvmStructType.StructSetBody(fieldTypes, false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach (var module in repository.GetAll())
+        {
+            foreach (var prototype in module.FunctionPrototypes)
+            {
+                CreateFunctionDeclaration(prototype, module.Name);
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach (var structNode in topLevelNodes.OfType<StructNode>())
+        {
+            EmitStructConstructor(structNode);
+        }
+
+        foreach (var funcNode in topLevelNodes.OfType<FuncNode>())
+        {
+            if (funcNode.Body != null)
+            {
+                EmitFunction(funcNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!_llvmModule.TryVerify(LLVMVerifierFailureAction.LLVMPrintMessageAction, out var error))
+        {
+            // throw new Exception($"LLVM module verification failed: {error}");
+        }
+
+        _llvmModule.PrintToFile(outputPath);
+
+        _builder.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    private void CreateFunctionDeclaration(FuncPrototypeNode prototype, string moduleName)
+    {
+        var funcName = FuncName(moduleName, prototype.NameToken.Value, prototype.ExternSymbolToken?.Value);
+
+        var paramTypes = prototype.Parameters.Select(p => MapType(p.Type)).ToArray();
+        var returnType = MapType(prototype.ReturnType);
+
+        var funcType = LLVMTypeRef.CreateFunction(returnType, paramTypes);
+        var func = _llvmModule.AddFunction(funcName, funcType);
+
+        func.FunctionCallConv = (uint)LLVMCallConv.LLVMCCallConv;
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < prototype.Parameters.Count; i++)
+        {
+            func.GetParam((uint)i).Name = prototype.Parameters[i].NameToken.Value;
+        }
+
+        _functions[funcName] = func;
+    }
+
+    private void EmitStructConstructor(StructNode structNode)
+    {
+        var structType = _structTypes[StructName(_module, structNode.NameToken.Value)];
+        var ptrType = LLVMTypeRef.CreatePointer(structType, 0);
+
+        var funcType = LLVMTypeRef.CreateFunction(LLVMTypeRef.Void, [ptrType]);
+        var funcName = StructConstructorName(_module, structNode.NameToken.Value);
+        var func = _llvmModule.AddFunction(funcName, funcType);
+        func.FunctionCallConv = (uint)LLVMCallConv.LLVMCCallConv;
+
+        var entryBlock = func.AppendBasicBlock("entry");
+        _builder.PositionAtEnd(entryBlock);
+
+        var selfParam = func.GetParam(0);
+        selfParam.Name = "self";
+
+        _locals.Clear();
+
+        foreach (var field in structNode.Fields)
+        {
+            if (field.Value != null)
+            {
+                var index = structNode.StructType.GetFieldIndex(field.NameToken.Value);
+                var fieldPtr = _builder.BuildStructGEP2(structType, selfParam, (uint)index);
+                EmitExpressionInto(field.Value, fieldPtr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        _builder.BuildRetVoid();
+        _functions[funcName] = func;
+    }
+
+    private void EmitFunction(FuncNode funcNode)
+    {
+        var funcName = FuncName(_module, funcNode.Prototype.NameToken.Value, funcNode.Prototype.ExternSymbolToken?.Value);
+        var func = _functions[funcName];
+
+        var entryBlock = func.AppendBasicBlock("entry");
+        _builder.PositionAtEnd(entryBlock);
+
+        _locals.Clear();
+
+        for (uint i = 0; i < funcNode.Prototype.Parameters.Count; i++)
+        {
+            var param = func.GetParam(i);
+            var paramNode = funcNode.Prototype.Parameters[(int)i];
+            var alloca = _builder.BuildAlloca(MapType(paramNode.Type), paramNode.NameToken.Value);
+            _builder.BuildStore(param, alloca);
+            _locals[paramNode.NameToken.Value] = alloca;
+        }
+
+        EmitBlock(funcNode.Body!);
+
+        if (funcNode.Prototype.ReturnType is NubVoidType)
+        {
+            if (_builder.InsertBlock.Terminator.Handle == IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                _builder.BuildRetVoid();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitBlock(BlockNode blockNode)
+    {
+        foreach (var statement in blockNode.Statements)
+        {
+            EmitStatement(statement);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitStatement(StatementNode statement)
+    {
+        switch (statement)
+        {
+            case AssignmentNode assignment:
+                EmitAssignment(assignment);
+                break;
+            case BlockNode block:
+                EmitBlock(block);
+                break;
+            case BreakNode:
+                EmitBreak();
+                break;
+            case ContinueNode:
+                EmitContinue();
+                break;
+            case IfNode ifNode:
+                EmitIf(ifNode);
+                break;
+            case ReturnNode returnNode:
+                EmitReturn(returnNode);
+                break;
+            case StatementFuncCallNode funcCall:
+                EmitExpression(funcCall.FuncCall);
+                break;
+            case VariableDeclarationNode varDecl:
+                EmitVariableDeclaration(varDecl);
+                break;
+            case WhileNode whileNode:
+                EmitWhile(whileNode);
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new NotImplementedException($"Statement type {statement.GetType()} not implemented");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitAssignment(AssignmentNode assignment)
+    {
+        var targetPtr = EmitExpression(assignment.Target, asLValue: true);
+        var value = EmitExpression(assignment.Value);
+        _builder.BuildStore(value, targetPtr);
+    }
+
+    private void EmitBreak()
+    {
+        var (breakBlock, _) = _loopStack.Peek();
+        _builder.BuildBr(breakBlock);
+    }
+
+    private void EmitContinue()
+    {
+        var (_, continueBlock) = _loopStack.Peek();
+        _builder.BuildBr(continueBlock);
+    }
+
+    private void EmitIf(IfNode ifNode)
+    {
+        var condition = EmitExpression(ifNode.Condition);
+
+        var func = _builder.InsertBlock.Parent;
+        var thenBlock = func.AppendBasicBlock("if.then");
+        var elseBlock = ifNode.Else.HasValue ? func.AppendBasicBlock("if.else") : default;
+        var endBlock = func.AppendBasicBlock("if.end");
+
+        _builder.BuildCondBr(condition, thenBlock, ifNode.Else.HasValue ? elseBlock : endBlock);
+
+        _builder.PositionAtEnd(thenBlock);
+        EmitBlock(ifNode.Body);
+        if (_builder.InsertBlock.Terminator.Handle == IntPtr.Zero)
+        {
+            _builder.BuildBr(endBlock);
+        }
+
+        if (ifNode.Else.HasValue)
+        {
+            _builder.PositionAtEnd(elseBlock);
+            ifNode.Else.Value.Match(EmitIf, EmitBlock);
+            if (_builder.InsertBlock.Terminator.Handle == IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                _builder.BuildBr(endBlock);
+            }
+        }
+
+        _builder.PositionAtEnd(endBlock);
+    }
+
+    private void EmitReturn(ReturnNode returnNode)
+    {
+        if (returnNode.Value != null)
+        {
+            var value = EmitExpression(returnNode.Value);
+            _builder.BuildRet(value);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _builder.BuildRetVoid();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitVariableDeclaration(VariableDeclarationNode varDecl)
+    {
+        var alloca = _builder.BuildAlloca(MapType(varDecl.Type), varDecl.NameToken.Value);
+        _locals[varDecl.NameToken.Value] = alloca;
+
+        if (varDecl.Assignment != null)
+        {
+            EmitExpressionInto(varDecl.Assignment, alloca);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitWhile(WhileNode whileNode)
+    {
+        var func = _builder.InsertBlock.Parent;
+        var condBlock = func.AppendBasicBlock("while.cond");
+        var bodyBlock = func.AppendBasicBlock("while.body");
+        var endBlock = func.AppendBasicBlock("while.end");
+
+        _loopStack.Push((endBlock, condBlock));
+
+        _builder.BuildBr(condBlock);
+
+        _builder.PositionAtEnd(condBlock);
+        var condition = EmitExpression(whileNode.Condition);
+        _builder.BuildCondBr(condition, bodyBlock, endBlock);
+
+        _builder.PositionAtEnd(bodyBlock);
+        EmitBlock(whileNode.Body);
+        if (_builder.InsertBlock.Terminator.Handle == IntPtr.Zero)
+        {
+            _builder.BuildBr(condBlock);
+        }
+
+        _loopStack.Pop();
+
+        _builder.PositionAtEnd(endBlock);
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitExpression(ExpressionNode expr, bool asLValue = false)
+    {
+        var result = expr switch
+        {
+            StringLiteralNode stringLiteralNode => EmitStringLiteral(stringLiteralNode),
+            CStringLiteralNode cStringLiteralNode => EmitCStringLiteral(cStringLiteralNode),
+            BoolLiteralNode b => LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int1, b.Value ? 1UL : 0UL),
+            I8LiteralNode i => LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int8, (ulong)i.Value, true),
+            I16LiteralNode i => LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int16, (ulong)i.Value, true),
+            I32LiteralNode i => LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int32, (ulong)i.Value, true),
+            I64LiteralNode i => LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int64, (ulong)i.Value, true),
+            U8LiteralNode u => LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int8, u.Value),
+            U16LiteralNode u => LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int16, u.Value),
+            U32LiteralNode u => LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int32, u.Value),
+            U64LiteralNode u => LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int64, u.Value),
+            Float32LiteralNode f => LLVMValueRef.CreateConstReal(LLVMTypeRef.Float, f.Value),
+            Float64LiteralNode f => LLVMValueRef.CreateConstReal(LLVMTypeRef.Double, f.Value),
+
+            VariableIdentifierNode v => EmitVariableIdentifier(v),
+            LocalFuncIdentifierNode localFuncIdentifierNode => EmitLocalFuncIdentifier(localFuncIdentifierNode),
+            ModuleFuncIdentifierNode moduleFuncIdentifierNode => EmitModuleFuncIdentifier(moduleFuncIdentifierNode),
+
+            BinaryExpressionNode bin => EmitBinaryExpression(bin),
+            UnaryExpressionNode unary => EmitUnaryExpression(unary),
+
+            StructFieldAccessNode field => EmitStructFieldAccess(field),
+            ConstArrayIndexAccessNode arr => EmitConstArrayIndexAccess(arr),
+            SliceIndexAccessNode sliceIndexAccessNode => EmitSliceIndexAccess(sliceIndexAccessNode),
+            ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccessNode => EmitArrayIndexAccess(arrayIndexAccessNode),
+
+            ConstArrayInitializerNode constArrayInitializerNode => EmitConstArrayInitializer(constArrayInitializerNode),
+            StructInitializerNode structInitializerNode => EmitStructInitializer(structInitializerNode),
+
+            AddressOfNode addr => EmitAddressOf(addr),
+            DereferenceNode deref => EmitDereference(deref),
+
+            FuncCallNode funcCall => EmitFuncCall(funcCall),
+            CastNode cast => EmitCast(cast),
+            SizeNode size => LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int64, size.TargetType.GetSize()),
+
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(expr), expr, null)
+        };
+
+        if (expr is LValue)
+        {
+            if (asLValue)
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            return _builder.BuildLoad2(MapType(expr.Type), result);
+        }
+
+        if (asLValue)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Expression of type {expr.GetType().Name} is not an lvalue and cannot be used where an address is required");
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private void EmitExpressionInto(ExpressionNode expr, LLVMValueRef destPtr)
+    {
+        switch (expr)
+        {
+            case StructInitializerNode structInit:
+                EmitStructInitializer(structInit, destPtr);
+                return;
+            case ConstArrayInitializerNode arrayInit:
+                EmitConstArrayInitializer(arrayInit, destPtr);
+                return;
+            default:
+            {
+                var result = EmitExpression(expr);
+                _builder.BuildStore(result, destPtr);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitStringLiteral(StringLiteralNode stringLiteralNode)
+    {
+        var strValue = stringLiteralNode.Value;
+        var length = (ulong)Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(strValue);
+        var globalStr = _builder.BuildGlobalStringPtr(strValue);
+        var llvmStringType = MapType(stringLiteralNode.Type);
+
+        var strAlloca = _builder.BuildAlloca(llvmStringType);
+
+        var lengthPtr = _builder.BuildStructGEP2(llvmStringType, strAlloca, 0);
+        var lengthConst = LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int64, length);
+        _builder.BuildStore(lengthConst, lengthPtr);
+
+        var dataPtr = _builder.BuildStructGEP2(llvmStringType, strAlloca, 1);
+        _builder.BuildStore(globalStr, dataPtr);
+
+        return _builder.BuildLoad2(llvmStringType, strAlloca);
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitCStringLiteral(CStringLiteralNode cStringLiteralNode)
+    {
+        return _builder.BuildGlobalStringPtr(cStringLiteralNode.Value);
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitVariableIdentifier(VariableIdentifierNode v)
+    {
+        return _locals[v.NameToken.Value];
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitLocalFuncIdentifier(LocalFuncIdentifierNode localFuncIdentifierNode)
+    {
+        return _functions[FuncName(_module, localFuncIdentifierNode.NameToken.Value, localFuncIdentifierNode.ExternSymbolToken?.Value)];
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitModuleFuncIdentifier(ModuleFuncIdentifierNode moduleFuncIdentifierNode)
+    {
+        return _functions[FuncName(moduleFuncIdentifierNode.ModuleToken.Value, moduleFuncIdentifierNode.NameToken.Value, moduleFuncIdentifierNode.ExternSymbolToken?.Value)];
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitBinaryExpression(BinaryExpressionNode bin)
+    {
+        var left = EmitExpression(bin.Left);
+        var right = EmitExpression(bin.Right);
+
+        var leftType = bin.Left.Type;
+
+        var result = bin.Operator switch
+        {
+            BinaryOperator.Plus when leftType is NubIntType => _builder.BuildAdd(left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.Plus when leftType is NubFloatType => _builder.BuildFAdd(left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.Minus when leftType is NubIntType => _builder.BuildSub(left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.Minus when leftType is NubFloatType => _builder.BuildFSub(left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.Multiply when leftType is NubIntType => _builder.BuildMul(left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.Multiply when leftType is NubFloatType => _builder.BuildFMul(left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.Divide when leftType is NubIntType intType => intType.Signed ? _builder.BuildSDiv(left, right) : _builder.BuildUDiv(left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.Divide when leftType is NubFloatType => _builder.BuildFDiv(left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.Modulo when leftType is NubIntType intType => intType.Signed ? _builder.BuildSRem(left, right) : _builder.BuildURem(left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.Modulo when leftType is NubFloatType => _builder.BuildFRem(left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.LogicalAnd => _builder.BuildAnd(left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.LogicalOr => _builder.BuildOr(left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.Equal when leftType is NubIntType or NubBoolType or NubPointerType => _builder.BuildICmp(LLVMIntPredicate.LLVMIntEQ, left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.Equal when leftType is NubFloatType => _builder.BuildFCmp(LLVMRealPredicate.LLVMRealOEQ, left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.NotEqual when leftType is NubIntType or NubBoolType or NubPointerType => _builder.BuildICmp(LLVMIntPredicate.LLVMIntNE, left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.NotEqual when leftType is NubFloatType => _builder.BuildFCmp(LLVMRealPredicate.LLVMRealONE, left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.GreaterThan when leftType is NubIntType intType => _builder.BuildICmp(intType.Signed ? LLVMIntPredicate.LLVMIntSGT : LLVMIntPredicate.LLVMIntUGT, left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.GreaterThan when leftType is NubFloatType => _builder.BuildFCmp(LLVMRealPredicate.LLVMRealOGT, left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual when leftType is NubIntType intType => _builder.BuildICmp(intType.Signed ? LLVMIntPredicate.LLVMIntSGE : LLVMIntPredicate.LLVMIntUGE, left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual when leftType is NubFloatType => _builder.BuildFCmp(LLVMRealPredicate.LLVMRealOGE, left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.LessThan when leftType is NubIntType intType => _builder.BuildICmp(intType.Signed ? LLVMIntPredicate.LLVMIntSLT : LLVMIntPredicate.LLVMIntULT, left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.LessThan when leftType is NubFloatType => _builder.BuildFCmp(LLVMRealPredicate.LLVMRealOLT, left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.LessThanOrEqual when leftType is NubIntType intType => _builder.BuildICmp(intType.Signed ? LLVMIntPredicate.LLVMIntSLE : LLVMIntPredicate.LLVMIntULE, left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.LessThanOrEqual when leftType is NubFloatType => _builder.BuildFCmp(LLVMRealPredicate.LLVMRealOLE, left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.LeftShift => _builder.BuildShl(left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.RightShift when leftType is NubIntType intType => intType.Signed ? _builder.BuildAShr(left, right) : _builder.BuildLShr(left, right),
+
+            BinaryOperator.BitwiseAnd => _builder.BuildAnd(left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.BitwiseXor => _builder.BuildXor(left, right),
+            BinaryOperator.BitwiseOr => _builder.BuildOr(left, right),
+
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(bin.Operator))
+        };
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitUnaryExpression(UnaryExpressionNode unary)
+    {
+        var operand = EmitExpression(unary.Operand);
+
+        var result = unary.Operator switch
+        {
+            UnaryOperator.Negate when unary.Operand.Type is NubIntType => _builder.BuildNeg(operand),
+            UnaryOperator.Negate when unary.Operand.Type is NubFloatType => _builder.BuildFNeg(operand),
+            UnaryOperator.Invert => _builder.BuildXor(operand, LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int1, 1)),
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(unary.Operator))
+        };
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitFuncCall(FuncCallNode funcCall)
+    {
+        var funcPtr = EmitExpression(funcCall.Expression);
+        var args = funcCall.Parameters.Select(x => EmitExpression(x)).ToArray();
+        return _builder.BuildCall2(MapType(funcCall.Expression.Type), funcPtr, args, funcCall.Type is NubVoidType ? "" : "call");
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitStructFieldAccess(StructFieldAccessNode field)
+    {
+        var target = EmitExpression(field.Target, asLValue: true);
+        var structType = (NubStructType)field.Target.Type;
+        var index = structType.GetFieldIndex(field.FieldToken.Value);
+
+        var llvmStructType = _structTypes[StructName(structType.Module, structType.Name)];
+        return _builder.BuildStructGEP2(llvmStructType, target, (uint)index);
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitConstArrayIndexAccess(ConstArrayIndexAccessNode constArrayIndexAccessNode)
+    {
+        var arrayPtr = EmitExpression(constArrayIndexAccessNode.Target, asLValue: true);
+        var index = EmitExpression(constArrayIndexAccessNode.Index);
+        var indices = new[] { LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int32, 0), index };
+        return _builder.BuildInBoundsGEP2(MapType(constArrayIndexAccessNode.Target.Type), arrayPtr, indices);
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitSliceIndexAccess(SliceIndexAccessNode sliceIndexAccessNode)
+    {
+        var slicePtr = EmitExpression(sliceIndexAccessNode.Target, asLValue: true);
+        var index = EmitExpression(sliceIndexAccessNode.Index);
+
+        var sliceType = (NubSliceType)sliceIndexAccessNode.Target.Type;
+        var llvmSliceType = MapType(sliceType);
+        var elementType = MapType(sliceType.ElementType);
+
+        var dataPtrPtr = _builder.BuildStructGEP2(llvmSliceType, slicePtr, 1);
+        var dataPtr = _builder.BuildLoad2(LLVMTypeRef.CreatePointer(elementType, 0), dataPtrPtr);
+        return _builder.BuildInBoundsGEP2(elementType, dataPtr, [index]);
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitArrayIndexAccess(ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccessNode)
+    {
+        var arrayPtr = EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccessNode.Target);
+        var index = EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccessNode.Index);
+        return _builder.BuildGEP2(MapType(arrayIndexAccessNode.Target.Type), arrayPtr, [index]);
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitConstArrayInitializer(ConstArrayInitializerNode constArrayInitializerNode, LLVMValueRef? destination = null)
+    {
+        var arrayType = (NubConstArrayType)constArrayInitializerNode.Type;
+        var llvmType = MapType(arrayType);
+
+        destination ??= _builder.BuildAlloca(llvmType);
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < constArrayInitializerNode.Values.Count; i++)
+        {
+            var indices = new[]
+            {
+                LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int32, 0),
+                LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int32, (ulong)i)
+            };
+
+            var elementPtr = _builder.BuildInBoundsGEP2(llvmType, destination.Value, indices);
+
+            EmitExpressionInto(constArrayInitializerNode.Values[i], elementPtr);
+        }
+
+        return destination.Value;
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitStructInitializer(StructInitializerNode structInitializerNode, LLVMValueRef? destination = null)
+    {
+        var type = (NubStructType)structInitializerNode.Type;
+        var llvmType = MapType(type);
+
+        destination ??= _builder.BuildAlloca(llvmType);
+
+        var constructorType = LLVMTypeRef.CreateFunction(LLVMTypeRef.Void, [LLVMTypeRef.CreatePointer(_structTypes[StructName(type.Module, type.Name)], 0)]);
+        var constructor = _functions[StructConstructorName(type.Module, type.Name)];
+        _builder.BuildCall2(constructorType, constructor, [destination.Value]);
+
+        foreach (var (name, value) in structInitializerNode.Initializers)
+        {
+            var fieldIndex = type.GetFieldIndex(name.Value);
+            var fieldPtr = _builder.BuildStructGEP2(llvmType, destination.Value, (uint)fieldIndex);
+            EmitExpressionInto(value, fieldPtr);
+        }
+
+        return destination.Value;
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitAddressOf(AddressOfNode addr)
+    {
+        return EmitExpression(addr.Target, asLValue: true);
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitDereference(DereferenceNode deref)
+    {
+        return EmitExpression(deref.Target, asLValue: false);
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitCast(CastNode castNode)
+    {
+        return castNode.ConversionType switch
+        {
+            CastNode.Conversion.IntToInt => EmitIntToIntCast(castNode),
+            CastNode.Conversion.FloatToFloat => EmitFloatToFloatCast(castNode),
+            CastNode.Conversion.IntToFloat => EmitIntToFloatCast(castNode),
+            CastNode.Conversion.FloatToInt => EmitFloatToIntCast(castNode),
+            CastNode.Conversion.PointerToPointer or CastNode.Conversion.PointerToUInt64 or CastNode.Conversion.UInt64ToPointer => _builder.BuildIntToPtr(EmitExpression(castNode.Value), MapType(castNode.Type)),
+            CastNode.Conversion.ConstArrayToSlice => EmitConstArrayToSliceCast(castNode),
+            CastNode.Conversion.ConstArrayToArray => EmitConstArrayToArrayCast(castNode),
+            CastNode.Conversion.StringToCString => EmitStringToCStringCast(castNode),
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(castNode.ConversionType))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitIntToIntCast(CastNode castNode)
+    {
+        var sourceInt = (NubIntType)castNode.Value.Type;
+        var targetInt = (NubIntType)castNode.Type;
+        var source = EmitExpression(castNode.Value);
+
+        if (sourceInt.Width < targetInt.Width)
+        {
+            return sourceInt.Signed
+                ? _builder.BuildSExt(source, MapType(targetInt))
+                : _builder.BuildZExt(source, MapType(targetInt));
+        }
+
+        if (sourceInt.Width > targetInt.Width)
+        {
+            return _builder.BuildTrunc(source, MapType(targetInt));
+        }
+
+        return _builder.BuildBitCast(source, MapType(targetInt));
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitFloatToFloatCast(CastNode castNode)
+    {
+        var sourceFloat = (NubFloatType)castNode.Value.Type;
+        var targetFloat = (NubFloatType)castNode.Type;
+        var source = EmitExpression(castNode.Value);
+
+        return sourceFloat.Width < targetFloat.Width
+            ? _builder.BuildFPExt(source, MapType(castNode.Type))
+            : _builder.BuildFPTrunc(source, MapType(castNode.Type));
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitIntToFloatCast(CastNode castNode)
+    {
+        var sourceInt = (NubIntType)castNode.Value.Type;
+        var source = EmitExpression(castNode.Value);
+
+        return sourceInt.Signed
+            ? _builder.BuildSIToFP(source, MapType(castNode.Type))
+            : _builder.BuildUIToFP(source, MapType(castNode.Type));
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitFloatToIntCast(CastNode castNode)
+    {
+        var targetInt = (NubIntType)castNode.Type;
+        var source = EmitExpression(castNode.Value);
+
+        return targetInt.Signed
+            ? _builder.BuildFPToSI(source, MapType(targetInt))
+            : _builder.BuildFPToUI(source, MapType(targetInt));
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitConstArrayToSliceCast(CastNode castNode)
+    {
+        var sourceArrayType = (NubConstArrayType)castNode.Value.Type;
+        var targetSliceType = (NubSliceType)castNode.Type;
+        var source = EmitExpression(castNode.Value, asLValue: true);
+
+        var llvmArrayType = MapType(sourceArrayType);
+        var llvmSliceType = MapType(targetSliceType);
+
+        var indices = new[]
+        {
+            LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int32, 0),
+            LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int32, 0)
+        };
+
+        var firstElementPtr = _builder.BuildInBoundsGEP2(llvmArrayType, source, indices);
+
+        var slicePtr = _builder.BuildAlloca(llvmSliceType);
+
+        var lengthPtr = _builder.BuildStructGEP2(llvmSliceType, slicePtr, 0);
+        var length = LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int64, sourceArrayType.Size);
+        _builder.BuildStore(length, lengthPtr);
+
+        var dataPtrPtr = _builder.BuildStructGEP2(llvmSliceType, slicePtr, 1);
+        _builder.BuildStore(firstElementPtr, dataPtrPtr);
+
+        return _builder.BuildLoad2(llvmSliceType, slicePtr);
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitConstArrayToArrayCast(CastNode castNode)
+    {
+        var sourceArrayType = (NubConstArrayType)castNode.Value.Type;
+        var source = EmitExpression(castNode.Value, asLValue: true);
+
+        var indices = new[]
+        {
+            LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int32, 0),
+            LLVMValueRef.CreateConstInt(LLVMTypeRef.Int32, 0)
+        };
+
+        return _builder.BuildInBoundsGEP2(MapType(sourceArrayType), source, indices);
+    }
+
+    private LLVMValueRef EmitStringToCStringCast(CastNode castNode)
+    {
+        var source = EmitExpression(castNode.Value, asLValue: true);
+        var dataPtrPtr = _builder.BuildStructGEP2(MapType(castNode.Value.Type), source, 1);
+        return _builder.BuildLoad2(LLVMTypeRef.CreatePointer(LLVMTypeRef.Int8, 0), dataPtrPtr);
+    }
+
+    private LLVMTypeRef MapType(NubType type)
+    {
+        return type switch
+        {
+            NubBoolType => LLVMTypeRef.Int1,
+            NubIntType intType => LLVMTypeRef.CreateInt((uint)intType.Width),
+            NubFloatType floatType => floatType.Width == 32 ? LLVMTypeRef.Float : LLVMTypeRef.Double,
+            NubFuncType funcType => LLVMTypeRef.CreateFunction(MapType(funcType.ReturnType), funcType.Parameters.Select(MapType).ToArray()),
+            NubPointerType ptrType => LLVMTypeRef.CreatePointer(MapType(ptrType.BaseType), 0),
+            NubSliceType nubSliceType => MapSliceType(nubSliceType),
+            NubStringType => _structTypes["nub.string"],
+            NubArrayType arrType => LLVMTypeRef.CreatePointer(MapType(arrType.ElementType), 0),
+            NubConstArrayType constArr => LLVMTypeRef.CreateArray(MapType(constArr.ElementType), (uint)constArr.Size),
+            NubStructType structType => _structTypes[StructName(structType.Module, structType.Name)],
+            NubVoidType => LLVMTypeRef.Void,
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(type), type, null)
+        };
+    }
+
+    private LLVMTypeRef MapSliceType(NubSliceType nubSliceType)
+    {
+        var mangledName = NameMangler.Mangle(nubSliceType.ElementType);
+        var name = $"nub.slice.{mangledName}";
+        if (!_structTypes.TryGetValue(name, out var type))
+        {
+            type = _context.CreateNamedStruct(name);
+            type.StructSetBody([LLVMTypeRef.Int64, LLVMTypeRef.CreatePointer(MapType(nubSliceType.ElementType), 0)], false);
+            _structTypes[name] = type;
+        }
+
+        return type;
+    }
+
+    private static string StructName(string module, string name)
+    {
+        return $"struct.{module}.{name}";
+    }
+
+    private static string StructConstructorName(string module, string name)
+    {
+        return $"{StructName(module, name)}.new";
+    }
+
+    private static string FuncName(string module, string name, string? externSymbol)
+    {
+        if (externSymbol != null)
+        {
+            return externSymbol;
+        }
+
+        return $"{module}.{name}";
+    }
+}

compiler/NubLang/NubLang.csproj

@@ -7,4 +7,8 @@
         <IsAotCompatible>true</IsAotCompatible>
     </PropertyGroup>
 
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <PackageReference Include="LLVMSharp" Version="20.1.2" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+
 </Project>