...

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.vscode

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "files.associations": {
-        "ref.h": "c"
-    }
-}

compiler/NubLang.CLI/Program.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-using System.Diagnostics;
+using NubLang.Ast;
-using NubLang.Ast;
 using NubLang.Diagnostics;
 using NubLang.Generation;
 using NubLang.Syntax;
@@ -42,88 +41,22 @@ if (diagnostics.Any(diagnostic => diagnostic.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Erro
     return 1;
 }
 
-var cPaths = new List<string>();
-
 Directory.CreateDirectory(".build");
 
-var typedModules = modules.Select(x => (x.Key, TypedModule.FromModule(x.Key, x.Value, modules))).ToDictionary();
-
-var moduleHeaders = new List<string>();
-
-var commonHeaderOut = Path.Combine(".build", "runtime.h");
-
-File.WriteAllText(commonHeaderOut, """
-                                   #include <stddef.h>
-
-                                   void *rc_alloc(size_t size, void (*destructor)(void *self));
-                                   void rc_retain(void *obj);
-                                   void rc_release(void *obj);
-
-                                   typedef struct
-                                   {
-                                       unsigned long long length;
-                                       char *data;
-                                   } nub_string;
-
-                                   typedef struct
-                                   {
-                                       unsigned long long length;
-                                       void *data;
-                                   } nub_slice;
-                                   """);
-
-moduleHeaders.Add(commonHeaderOut);
-
-foreach (var typedModule in typedModules)
-{
-    var header = HeaderGenerator.Generate(typedModule.Key, typedModule.Value);
-    var headerOut = Path.Combine(".build", "modules", typedModule.Key + ".h");
-    Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(".build", "modules"));
-    File.WriteAllText(headerOut, header);
-    moduleHeaders.Add(headerOut);
-}
-
 for (var i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
 {
     var file = args[i];
     var compilationUnit = compilationUnits[i];
 
-    var generator = new Generator(compilationUnit);
+    var generator = new LlvmGenerator();
     var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(file);
     if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(directory))
     {
         Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(".build", directory));
     }
 
-    var path = Path.Combine(".build", Path.ChangeExtension(file, "c"));
+    var path = Path.Combine(".build", Path.ChangeExtension(file, "ll"));
-    File.WriteAllText(path, generator.Emit());
+    File.WriteAllText(path, generator.Emit(compilationUnit));
-    cPaths.Add(path);
 }
 
-var objectPaths = new List<string>();
-
-foreach (var cPath in cPaths)
-{
-    var objectPath = Path.ChangeExtension(cPath, "o");
-    using var compileProcess = Process.Start("clang", [
-        ..moduleHeaders.SelectMany(x => new[] { "-include", x }),
-        "-ffreestanding", "-std=c23",
-        "-g", "-c",
-        "-o", objectPath,
-        cPath,
-    ]);
-
-    compileProcess.WaitForExit();
-
-    if (compileProcess.ExitCode != 0)
-    {
-        Console.Error.WriteLine($"clang failed with exit code {compileProcess.ExitCode}");
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    objectPaths.Add(objectPath);
-}
-
-Console.Out.WriteLine(string.Join(' ', objectPaths));
-
 return 0;

compiler/NubLang.LSP/WorkspaceManager.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ public class WorkspaceManager(DiagnosticsPublisher diagnosticsPublisher)
 {
     private readonly Dictionary<string, SyntaxTree> _syntaxTrees = new();
     private readonly Dictionary<string, List<TopLevelNode>> _compilationUnits = new();
+    private readonly Dictionary<string, TypedModule> _modules = new();
 
     public void Init(string rootPath)
     {

compiler/NubLang/Ast/Node.cs

@@ -112,9 +112,10 @@ public class StructFieldNode(List<Token> tokens, IdentifierToken nameToken, NubT
     }
 }
 
-public class StructNode(List<Token> tokens, IdentifierToken name, NubStructType structType, List<StructFieldNode> fields) : DefinitionNode(tokens, name)
+public class StructNode(List<Token> tokens, IdentifierToken name, NubStructType structType, bool packed, List<StructFieldNode> fields) : DefinitionNode(tokens, name)
 {
     public NubStructType StructType { get; } = structType;
+    public bool Packed { get; } = packed;
     public List<StructFieldNode> Fields { get; } = fields;
 
     public override IEnumerable<Node> Children()
@@ -132,8 +133,6 @@ public class StructNode(List<Token> tokens, IdentifierToken name, NubStructType
 
 public abstract class StatementNode(List<Token> tokens) : Node(tokens);
 
-public abstract class TerminalStatementNode(List<Token> tokens) : StatementNode(tokens);
-
 public class BlockNode(List<Token> tokens, List<StatementNode> statements) : StatementNode(tokens)
 {
     public List<StatementNode> Statements { get; } = statements;
@@ -154,7 +153,7 @@ public class StatementFuncCallNode(List<Token> tokens, FuncCallNode funcCall) :
     }
 }
 
-public class ReturnNode(List<Token> tokens, ExpressionNode? value) : TerminalStatementNode(tokens)
+public class ReturnNode(List<Token> tokens, ExpressionNode? value) : StatementNode(tokens)
 {
     public ExpressionNode? Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -164,9 +163,9 @@ public class ReturnNode(List<Token> tokens, ExpressionNode? value) : TerminalSta
     }
 }
 
-public class AssignmentNode(List<Token> tokens, LValueExpressionNode target, ExpressionNode value) : StatementNode(tokens)
+public class AssignmentNode(List<Token> tokens, ExpressionNode target, ExpressionNode value) : StatementNode(tokens)
 {
-    public LValueExpressionNode Target { get; } = target;
+    public ExpressionNode Target { get; } = target;
     public ExpressionNode Value { get; } = value;
 
     public override IEnumerable<Node> Children()
@@ -205,7 +204,7 @@ public class VariableDeclarationNode(List<Token> tokens, IdentifierToken nameTok
     }
 }
 
-public class ContinueNode(List<Token> tokens) : TerminalStatementNode(tokens)
+public class ContinueNode(List<Token> tokens) : StatementNode(tokens)
 {
     public override IEnumerable<Node> Children()
     {
@@ -213,7 +212,7 @@ public class ContinueNode(List<Token> tokens) : TerminalStatementNode(tokens)
     }
 }
 
-public class BreakNode(List<Token> tokens) : TerminalStatementNode(tokens)
+public class BreakNode(List<Token> tokens) : StatementNode(tokens)
 {
     public override IEnumerable<Node> Children()
     {
@@ -308,13 +307,11 @@ public abstract class ExpressionNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type) : Node(to
     public NubType Type { get; } = type;
 }
 
-public abstract class LValueExpressionNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type) : ExpressionNode(tokens, type);
+public abstract class LValue(List<Token> tokens, NubType type) : ExpressionNode(tokens, type);
 
-public abstract class RValueExpressionNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type) : ExpressionNode(tokens, type);
+public abstract class RValue(List<Token> tokens, NubType type) : ExpressionNode(tokens, type);
 
-public abstract class IntermediateExpression(List<Token> tokens) : ExpressionNode(tokens, new NubVoidType());
+public class StringLiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, string value) : RValue(tokens, new NubStringType())
-
-public class StringLiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, string value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubStringType())
 {
     public string Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -324,7 +321,7 @@ public class StringLiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, string value) : RValueExpress
     }
 }
 
-public class CStringLiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, string value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubPointerType(new NubIntType(true, 8)))
+public class CStringLiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, string value) : RValue(tokens, new NubPointerType(new NubIntType(true, 8)))
 {
     public string Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -334,7 +331,7 @@ public class CStringLiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, string value) : RValueExpres
     }
 }
 
-public class I8LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, sbyte value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubIntType(true, 8))
+public class I8LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, sbyte value) : RValue(tokens, new NubIntType(true, 8))
 {
     public sbyte Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -344,7 +341,7 @@ public class I8LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, sbyte value) : RValueExpressionNo
     }
 }
 
-public class I16LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, short value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubIntType(true, 16))
+public class I16LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, short value) : RValue(tokens, new NubIntType(true, 16))
 {
     public short Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -354,7 +351,7 @@ public class I16LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, short value) : RValueExpressionN
     }
 }
 
-public class I32LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, int value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubIntType(true, 32))
+public class I32LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, int value) : RValue(tokens, new NubIntType(true, 32))
 {
     public int Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -364,7 +361,7 @@ public class I32LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, int value) : RValueExpressionNod
     }
 }
 
-public class I64LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, long value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubIntType(true, 64))
+public class I64LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, long value) : RValue(tokens, new NubIntType(true, 64))
 {
     public long Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -374,7 +371,7 @@ public class I64LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, long value) : RValueExpressionNo
     }
 }
 
-public class U8LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, byte value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubIntType(false, 8))
+public class U8LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, byte value) : RValue(tokens, new NubIntType(false, 8))
 {
     public byte Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -384,7 +381,7 @@ public class U8LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, byte value) : RValueExpressionNod
     }
 }
 
-public class U16LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, ushort value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubIntType(false, 16))
+public class U16LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, ushort value) : RValue(tokens, new NubIntType(false, 16))
 {
     public ushort Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -394,7 +391,7 @@ public class U16LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, ushort value) : RValueExpression
     }
 }
 
-public class U32LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, uint value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubIntType(false, 32))
+public class U32LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, uint value) : RValue(tokens, new NubIntType(false, 32))
 {
     public uint Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -404,7 +401,7 @@ public class U32LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, uint value) : RValueExpressionNo
     }
 }
 
-public class U64LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, ulong value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubIntType(false, 64))
+public class U64LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, ulong value) : RValue(tokens, new NubIntType(false, 64))
 {
     public ulong Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -414,7 +411,7 @@ public class U64LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, ulong value) : RValueExpressionN
     }
 }
 
-public class Float32LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, float value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubFloatType(32))
+public class Float32LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, float value) : RValue(tokens, new NubFloatType(32))
 {
     public float Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -424,7 +421,7 @@ public class Float32LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, float value) : RValueExpress
     }
 }
 
-public class Float64LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, double value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubFloatType(64))
+public class Float64LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, double value) : RValue(tokens, new NubFloatType(64))
 {
     public double Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -434,7 +431,7 @@ public class Float64LiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, double value) : RValueExpres
     }
 }
 
-public class BoolLiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, bool value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubBoolType())
+public class BoolLiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, bool value) : RValue(tokens, new NubBoolType())
 {
     public bool Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -444,7 +441,7 @@ public class BoolLiteralNode(List<Token> tokens, bool value) : RValueExpressionN
     }
 }
 
-public class BinaryExpressionNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode left, BinaryOperator @operator, ExpressionNode right) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class BinaryExpressionNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode left, BinaryOperator @operator, ExpressionNode right) : RValue(tokens, type)
 {
     public ExpressionNode Left { get; } = left;
     public BinaryOperator Operator { get; } = @operator;
@@ -457,7 +454,7 @@ public class BinaryExpressionNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNo
     }
 }
 
-public class UnaryExpressionNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, UnaryOperator @operator, ExpressionNode operand) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class UnaryExpressionNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, UnaryOperator @operator, ExpressionNode operand) : RValue(tokens, type)
 {
     public UnaryOperator Operator { get; } = @operator;
     public ExpressionNode Operand { get; } = operand;
@@ -468,7 +465,7 @@ public class UnaryExpressionNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, UnaryOperator
     }
 }
 
-public class FuncCallNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode expression, List<ExpressionNode> parameters) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class FuncCallNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode expression, List<ExpressionNode> parameters) : RValue(tokens, type)
 {
     public ExpressionNode Expression { get; } = expression;
     public List<ExpressionNode> Parameters { get; } = parameters;
@@ -483,7 +480,7 @@ public class FuncCallNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode expre
     }
 }
 
-public class VariableIdentifierNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, IdentifierToken nameToken) : LValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class VariableIdentifierNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, IdentifierToken nameToken) : LValue(tokens, type)
 {
     public IdentifierToken NameToken { get; } = nameToken;
 
@@ -493,7 +490,7 @@ public class VariableIdentifierNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, Identifier
     }
 }
 
-public class FuncIdentifierNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, IdentifierToken moduleToken, IdentifierToken nameToken, StringLiteralToken? externSymbolToken) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class FuncIdentifierNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, IdentifierToken moduleToken, IdentifierToken nameToken, StringLiteralToken? externSymbolToken) : RValue(tokens, type)
 {
     public IdentifierToken ModuleToken { get; } = moduleToken;
     public IdentifierToken NameToken { get; } = nameToken;
@@ -505,27 +502,7 @@ public class FuncIdentifierNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, IdentifierToke
     }
 }
 
-public class ArrayInitializerNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, List<ExpressionNode> values) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class ArrayIndexAccessNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode target, ExpressionNode index) : LValue(tokens, type)
-{
-    public List<ExpressionNode> Values { get; } = values;
-
-    public override IEnumerable<Node> Children()
-    {
-        return Values;
-    }
-}
-
-public class ConstArrayInitializerNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, List<ExpressionNode> values) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
-{
-    public List<ExpressionNode> Values { get; } = values;
-
-    public override IEnumerable<Node> Children()
-    {
-        return Values;
-    }
-}
-
-public class ArrayIndexAccessNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode target, ExpressionNode index) : LValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
 {
     public ExpressionNode Target { get; } = target;
     public ExpressionNode Index { get; } = index;
@@ -537,7 +514,7 @@ public class ArrayIndexAccessNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNo
     }
 }
 
-public class ConstArrayIndexAccessNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode target, ExpressionNode index) : LValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class ConstArrayIndexAccessNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode target, ExpressionNode index) : LValue(tokens, type)
 {
     public ExpressionNode Target { get; } = target;
     public ExpressionNode Index { get; } = index;
@@ -549,7 +526,7 @@ public class ConstArrayIndexAccessNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, Express
     }
 }
 
-public class SliceIndexAccessNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode target, ExpressionNode index) : LValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class SliceIndexAccessNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode target, ExpressionNode index) : LValue(tokens, type)
 {
     public ExpressionNode Target { get; } = target;
     public ExpressionNode Index { get; } = index;
@@ -561,17 +538,17 @@ public class SliceIndexAccessNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNo
     }
 }
 
-public class AddressOfNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, LValueExpressionNode lValue) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class AddressOfNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode target) : RValue(tokens, type)
 {
-    public LValueExpressionNode LValue { get; } = lValue;
+    public ExpressionNode Target { get; } = target;
 
     public override IEnumerable<Node> Children()
     {
-        yield return LValue;
+        yield return Target;
     }
 }
 
-public class StructFieldAccessNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode target, IdentifierToken fieldToken) : LValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class StructFieldAccessNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode target, IdentifierToken fieldToken) : LValue(tokens, type)
 {
     public ExpressionNode Target { get; } = target;
     public IdentifierToken FieldToken { get; } = fieldToken;
@@ -582,20 +559,7 @@ public class StructFieldAccessNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionN
     }
 }
 
-public class StructInitializerNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, Dictionary<IdentifierToken, ExpressionNode> initializers) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class DereferenceNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode target) : LValue(tokens, type)
-{
-    public Dictionary<IdentifierToken, ExpressionNode> Initializers { get; } = initializers;
-
-    public override IEnumerable<Node> Children()
-    {
-        foreach (var initializer in Initializers)
-        {
-            yield return initializer.Value;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-public class DereferenceNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode target) : LValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
 {
     public ExpressionNode Target { get; } = target;
 
@@ -605,19 +569,9 @@ public class DereferenceNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode ta
     }
 }
 
-public class RefDereferenceNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode target) : LValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class SizeNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType targetType) : RValue(tokens, new NubIntType(false, 64))
 {
-    public ExpressionNode Target { get; } = target;
+    public NubType TargetType { get; } = targetType;
-
-    public override IEnumerable<Node> Children()
-    {
-        yield return Target;
-    }
-}
-
-public class SizeNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType TargetType) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, new NubIntType(false, 64))
-{
-    public NubType TargetType { get; } = TargetType;
 
     public override IEnumerable<Node> Children()
     {
@@ -625,7 +579,7 @@ public class SizeNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType TargetType) : RValueExpression
     }
 }
 
-public class CastNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode value) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class CastNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode value) : RValue(tokens, type)
 {
     public ExpressionNode Value { get; } = value;
 
@@ -635,7 +589,7 @@ public class CastNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, ExpressionNode value) :
     }
 }
 
-public class RefStructInitializerNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, Dictionary<IdentifierToken, ExpressionNode> initializers) : RValueExpressionNode(tokens, type)
+public class StructInitializerNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, Dictionary<IdentifierToken, ExpressionNode> initializers) : RValue(tokens, type)
 {
     public Dictionary<IdentifierToken, ExpressionNode> Initializers { get; } = initializers;
 
@@ -648,6 +602,18 @@ public class RefStructInitializerNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, Dictiona
     }
 }
 
+public class ConstArrayInitializerNode(List<Token> tokens, NubType type, List<ExpressionNode> values) : RValue(tokens, type)
+{
+    public List<ExpressionNode> Values { get; } = values;
+
+    public override IEnumerable<Node> Children()
+    {
+        return Values;
+    }
+}
+
+public abstract class IntermediateExpression(List<Token> tokens) : ExpressionNode(tokens, new NubVoidType());
+
 public class EnumReferenceIntermediateNode(List<Token> tokens, IdentifierToken moduleToken, IdentifierToken nameToken) : IntermediateExpression(tokens)
 {
     public IdentifierToken ModuleToken { get; } = moduleToken;

compiler/NubLang/Ast/NubType.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ namespace NubLang.Ast;
 
 public abstract class NubType : IEquatable<NubType>
 {
+    public abstract ulong GetSize();
+    public abstract ulong GetAlignment();
+    public abstract bool IsAggregate();
+
     public override bool Equals(object? obj) => obj is NubType other && Equals(other);
     public abstract bool Equals(NubType? other);
 
@@ -17,24 +21,36 @@ public abstract class NubType : IEquatable<NubType>
 
 public class NubVoidType : NubType
 {
+    public override ulong GetSize() => 8;
+    public override ulong GetAlignment() => 8;
+    public override bool IsAggregate() => false;
+
     public override string ToString() => "void";
     public override bool Equals(NubType? other) => other is NubVoidType;
     public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(NubVoidType));
 }
 
-public sealed class NubIntType(bool signed, int width) : NubType
+public sealed class NubIntType(bool signed, ulong width) : NubType
 {
     public bool Signed { get; } = signed;
-    public int Width { get; } = width;
+    public ulong Width { get; } = width;
+
+    public override ulong GetSize() => Width / 8;
+    public override ulong GetAlignment() => Width / 8;
+    public override bool IsAggregate() => false;
 
     public override string ToString() => $"{(Signed ? "i" : "u")}{Width}";
     public override bool Equals(NubType? other) => other is NubIntType @int && @int.Width == Width && @int.Signed == Signed;
     public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(NubIntType), Signed, Width);
 }
 
-public sealed class NubFloatType(int width) : NubType
+public sealed class NubFloatType(ulong width) : NubType
 {
-    public int Width { get; } = width;
+    public ulong Width { get; } = width;
+
+    public override ulong GetSize() => Width / 8;
+    public override ulong GetAlignment() => Width / 8;
+    public override bool IsAggregate() => false;
 
     public override string ToString() => $"f{Width}";
     public override bool Equals(NubType? other) => other is NubFloatType @float && @float.Width == Width;
@@ -43,6 +59,10 @@ public sealed class NubFloatType(int width) : NubType
 
 public class NubBoolType : NubType
 {
+    public override ulong GetSize() => 1;
+    public override ulong GetAlignment() => 1;
+    public override bool IsAggregate() => false;
+
     public override string ToString() => "bool";
     public override bool Equals(NubType? other) => other is NubBoolType;
     public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(NubBoolType));
@@ -52,25 +72,24 @@ public sealed class NubPointerType(NubType baseType) : NubType
 {
     public NubType BaseType { get; } = baseType;
 
+    public override ulong GetSize() => 8;
+    public override ulong GetAlignment() => 8;
+    public override bool IsAggregate() => false;
+
     public override string ToString() => "^" + BaseType;
     public override bool Equals(NubType? other) => other is NubPointerType pointer && BaseType.Equals(pointer.BaseType);
     public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(NubPointerType), BaseType);
 }
 
-public class NubRefType(NubType baseType) : NubType
-{
-    public NubType BaseType { get; } = baseType;
-
-    public override string ToString() => "&" + BaseType;
-    public override bool Equals(NubType? other) => other is NubRefType;
-    public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(NubRefType));
-}
-
 public class NubFuncType(List<NubType> parameters, NubType returnType) : NubType
 {
     public List<NubType> Parameters { get; } = parameters;
     public NubType ReturnType { get; } = returnType;
 
+    public override ulong GetSize() => 8;
+    public override ulong GetAlignment() => 8;
+    public override bool IsAggregate() => false;
+
     public override string ToString() => $"func({string.Join(", ", Parameters)}): {ReturnType}";
     public override bool Equals(NubType? other) => other is NubFuncType func && ReturnType.Equals(func.ReturnType) && Parameters.SequenceEqual(func.Parameters);
 
@@ -88,12 +107,70 @@ public class NubFuncType(List<NubType> parameters, NubType returnType) : NubType
     }
 }
 
-public class NubStructType(string module, string name, List<NubStructFieldType> fields) : NubType
+public class NubStructType(string module, string name, bool packed, List<NubStructFieldType> fields) : NubType
 {
     public string Module { get; } = module;
     public string Name { get; } = name;
+    public bool Packed { get; } = packed;
     public List<NubStructFieldType> Fields { get; set; } = fields;
 
+    public int GetFieldIndex(string name)
+    {
+        return Fields.FindIndex(x => x.Name == name);
+    }
+
+    public Dictionary<string, ulong> GetFieldOffsets()
+    {
+        var offsets = new Dictionary<string, ulong>();
+        ulong offset = 0;
+
+        foreach (var field in Fields)
+        {
+            var alignment = Packed ? 1 : field.Type.GetAlignment();
+            if (!Packed)
+            {
+                var padding = (alignment - offset % alignment) % alignment;
+                offset += padding;
+            }
+
+            offsets[field.Name] = offset;
+            offset += field.Type.GetSize();
+        }
+
+        return offsets;
+    }
+
+    public override ulong GetSize()
+    {
+        var offsets = GetFieldOffsets();
+        if (Fields.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        var lastField = Fields.Last();
+        var size = offsets[lastField.Name] + lastField.Type.GetSize();
+
+        if (!Packed)
+        {
+            var structAlignment = GetAlignment();
+            var padding = (structAlignment - size % structAlignment) % structAlignment;
+            size += padding;
+        }
+
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    public override ulong GetAlignment()
+    {
+        if (Fields.Count == 0)
+            return 1;
+
+        return Packed ? 1 : Fields.Max(f => f.Type.GetAlignment());
+    }
+
+    public override bool IsAggregate() => true;
+
     public override string ToString() => $"{Module}::{Name}";
     public override bool Equals(NubType? other) => other is NubStructType structType && Name == structType.Name && Module == structType.Module;
     public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(NubStructType), Module, Name);
@@ -110,6 +187,10 @@ public class NubSliceType(NubType elementType) : NubType
 {
     public NubType ElementType { get; } = elementType;
 
+    public override ulong GetSize() => 16; // note(nub31): Fat pointer
+    public override ulong GetAlignment() => 8;
+    public override bool IsAggregate() => true;
+
     public override string ToString() => "[]" + ElementType;
     public override bool Equals(NubType? other) => other is NubSliceType slice && ElementType.Equals(slice.ElementType);
     public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(NubSliceType), ElementType);
@@ -120,6 +201,10 @@ public class NubConstArrayType(NubType elementType, ulong size) : NubType
     public NubType ElementType { get; } = elementType;
     public ulong Size { get; } = size;
 
+    public override ulong GetSize() => ElementType.GetSize() * Size;
+    public override ulong GetAlignment() => ElementType.GetAlignment();
+    public override bool IsAggregate() => true;
+
     public override string ToString() => $"[{Size}]{ElementType}";
     public override bool Equals(NubType? other) => other is NubConstArrayType array && ElementType.Equals(array.ElementType) && Size == array.Size;
     public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(NubConstArrayType), ElementType, Size);
@@ -129,6 +214,10 @@ public class NubArrayType(NubType elementType) : NubType
 {
     public NubType ElementType { get; } = elementType;
 
+    public override ulong GetSize() => 8;
+    public override ulong GetAlignment() => 8;
+    public override bool IsAggregate() => false; // note(nub31): Just a pointer
+
     public override string ToString() => $"[?]{ElementType}";
     public override bool Equals(NubType? other) => other is NubArrayType array && ElementType.Equals(array.ElementType);
     public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(NubArrayType), ElementType);
@@ -136,6 +225,10 @@ public class NubArrayType(NubType elementType) : NubType
 
 public class NubStringType : NubType
 {
+    public override ulong GetSize() => 16; // note(nub31): Fat pointer
+    public override ulong GetAlignment() => 8;
+    public override bool IsAggregate() => true;
+
     public override string ToString() => "string";
     public override bool Equals(NubType? other) => other is NubStringType;
     public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(typeof(NubStringType));

compiler/NubLang/Ast/TypeChecker.cs

@@ -221,30 +221,25 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker
         }
 
         var currentModule = GetCurrentModule();
-        var type = new NubStructType(currentModule.Name.Value, structSyntax.NameToken.Value, fields.Select(x => new NubStructFieldType(x.NameToken.Value, x.Type, x.Value != null)).ToList());
+        var type = new NubStructType(currentModule.Name.Value, structSyntax.NameToken.Value, structSyntax.Packed, fields.Select(x => new NubStructFieldType(x.NameToken.Value, x.Type, x.Value != null)).ToList());
 
-        return new StructNode(structSyntax.Tokens, structSyntax.NameToken, type, fields);
+        return new StructNode(structSyntax.Tokens, structSyntax.NameToken, type, structSyntax.Packed, fields);
     }
 
     private AssignmentNode CheckAssignment(AssignmentSyntax statement)
     {
         var target = CheckExpression(statement.Target);
-        if (target is not LValueExpressionNode lValue)
+        var value = CheckExpression(statement.Value, target.Type);
-        {
-            throw new CompileException(Diagnostic.Error("Cannot assign to an rvalue").At(statement).Build());
-        }
 
-        var value = CheckExpression(statement.Value, lValue.Type);
+        if (value.Type != target.Type)
-
-        if (value.Type != lValue.Type)
         {
             throw new CompileException(Diagnostic
-                .Error($"Cannot assign {value.Type} to {lValue.Type}")
+                .Error($"Cannot assign {value.Type} to {target.Type}")
                 .At(statement.Value)
                 .Build());
         }
 
-        return new AssignmentNode(statement.Tokens, lValue, value);
+        return new AssignmentNode(statement.Tokens, target, value);
     }
 
     private IfNode CheckIf(IfSyntax statement)
@@ -499,13 +494,8 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker
     private AddressOfNode CheckAddressOf(AddressOfSyntax expression, NubType? expectedType)
     {
         var target = CheckExpression(expression.Target, (expectedType as NubPointerType)?.BaseType);
-        if (target is not LValueExpressionNode lvalue)
-        {
-            throw new CompileException(Diagnostic.Error("Cannot take address of an rvalue").At(expression).Build());
-        }
-
         var type = new NubPointerType(target.Type);
-        return new AddressOfNode(expression.Tokens, type, lvalue);
+        return new AddressOfNode(expression.Tokens, type, target);
     }
 
     private ExpressionNode CheckArrayIndexAccess(ArrayIndexAccessSyntax expression, NubType? _)
@@ -530,7 +520,7 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker
         };
     }
 
-    private ExpressionNode CheckArrayInitializer(ArrayInitializerSyntax expression, NubType? expectedType)
+    private ConstArrayInitializerNode CheckArrayInitializer(ArrayInitializerSyntax expression, NubType? expectedType)
     {
         var elementType = expectedType switch
         {
@@ -573,12 +563,7 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker
             values.Add(value);
         }
 
-        return expectedType switch
+        return new ConstArrayInitializerNode(expression.Tokens, new NubConstArrayType(elementType, (ulong)expression.Values.Count), values);
-        {
-            NubArrayType => new ArrayInitializerNode(expression.Tokens, new NubArrayType(elementType), values),
-            NubConstArrayType constArrayType => new ConstArrayInitializerNode(expression.Tokens, constArrayType, values),
-            _ => new ConstArrayInitializerNode(expression.Tokens, new NubConstArrayType(elementType, (ulong)expression.Values.Count), values)
-        };
     }
 
     private BinaryExpressionNode CheckBinaryExpression(BinaryExpressionSyntax expression, NubType? expectedType)
@@ -612,7 +597,7 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker
             case BinaryOperatorSyntax.NotEqual:
             {
                 var left = CheckExpression(expression.Left);
-                if (left.Type is not NubIntType and not NubFloatType and not NubBoolType)
+                if (left.Type is not NubIntType and not NubFloatType and not NubBoolType and not NubPointerType)
                 {
                     throw new CompileException(Diagnostic
                         .Error("Equal and not equal operators must must be used with int, float or bool types")
@@ -728,6 +713,27 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker
             }
             case BinaryOperatorSyntax.LeftShift:
             case BinaryOperatorSyntax.RightShift:
+            {
+                var left = CheckExpression(expression.Left, expectedType);
+                if (left.Type is not NubIntType)
+                {
+                    throw new CompileException(Diagnostic
+                        .Error("Bitwise operators must be used with int types")
+                        .At(expression.Left)
+                        .Build());
+                }
+
+                var right = CheckExpression(expression.Right, left.Type);
+                if (right.Type is not NubIntType)
+                {
+                    throw new CompileException(Diagnostic
+                        .Error("Bitwise operators must be used with int types")
+                        .At(expression.Right)
+                        .Build());
+                }
+
+                return new BinaryExpressionNode(expression.Tokens, left.Type, left, op, right);
+            }
             case BinaryOperatorSyntax.BitwiseAnd:
             case BinaryOperatorSyntax.BitwiseXor:
             case BinaryOperatorSyntax.BitwiseOr:
@@ -796,16 +802,18 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker
         }
     }
 
-    private ExpressionNode CheckDereference(DereferenceSyntax expression, NubType? _)
+    private DereferenceNode CheckDereference(DereferenceSyntax expression, NubType? _)
     {
         var target = CheckExpression(expression.Target);
-
+        if (target.Type is not NubPointerType pointerType)
-        return target.Type switch
         {
-            NubPointerType pointerType => new DereferenceNode(expression.Tokens, pointerType.BaseType, target),
+            throw new CompileException(Diagnostic
-            NubRefType refType => new RefDereferenceNode(expression.Tokens, refType.BaseType, target),
+                .Error($"Cannot dereference non-pointer type {target.Type}")
-            _ => throw new CompileException(Diagnostic.Error($"Cannot dereference non-pointer type {target.Type}").At(expression).Build())
+                .At(expression)
-        };
+                .Build());
+        }
+
+        return new DereferenceNode(expression.Tokens, pointerType.BaseType, target);
     }
 
     private FuncCallNode CheckFuncCall(FuncCallSyntax expression, NubType? _)
@@ -1090,7 +1098,7 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker
         throw new UnreachableException();
     }
 
-    private ExpressionNode CheckStructInitializer(StructInitializerSyntax expression, NubType? expectedType)
+    private StructInitializerNode CheckStructInitializer(StructInitializerSyntax expression, NubType? expectedType)
     {
         NubStructType? structType = null;
 
@@ -1104,14 +1112,10 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker
 
             structType = checkedStructType;
         }
-        else
+
+        if (expectedType is NubStructType expectedStructType)
         {
-            structType = expectedType switch
+            structType ??= expectedStructType;
-            {
-                NubStructType expectedStructType => expectedStructType,
-                NubRefType { BaseType: NubStructType expectedStructType } => expectedStructType,
-                _ => structType
-            };
         }
 
         if (structType == null)
@@ -1154,14 +1158,7 @@ public sealed class TypeChecker
                 .Build());
         }
 
-        if (expectedType is NubRefType refType && refType.BaseType == structType)
+        return new StructInitializerNode(expression.Tokens, structType, initializers);
-        {
-            return new RefStructInitializerNode(expression.Tokens, refType, initializers);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return new StructInitializerNode(expression.Tokens, structType, initializers);
-        }
     }
 
     private BlockNode CheckBlock(BlockSyntax node)

compiler/NubLang/Ast/TypeResolver.cs

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ public class TypeResolver
             SliceTypeSyntax slice => new NubSliceType(ResolveType(slice.BaseType, currentModule)),
             ConstArrayTypeSyntax arr => new NubConstArrayType(ResolveType(arr.BaseType, currentModule), arr.Size),
             PointerTypeSyntax ptr => new NubPointerType(ResolveType(ptr.BaseType, currentModule)),
-            RefTypeSyntax r => new NubRefType(ResolveType(r.BaseType, currentModule)),
             StringTypeSyntax => new NubStringType(),
             CustomTypeSyntax c => ResolveCustomType(c, currentModule),
             VoidTypeSyntax => new NubVoidType(),
@@ -56,14 +55,14 @@ public class TypeResolver
 
             if (!_resolvingTypes.Add(key))
             {
-                var placeholder = new NubStructType(customType.ModuleToken?.Value ?? currentModule, customType.NameToken.Value, []);
+                var placeholder = new NubStructType(customType.ModuleToken?.Value ?? currentModule, customType.NameToken.Value, structDef.Packed, []);
                 _typeCache[key] = placeholder;
                 return placeholder;
             }
 
             try
             {
-                var result = new NubStructType(customType.ModuleToken?.Value ?? currentModule, structDef.NameToken.Value, []);
+                var result = new NubStructType(customType.ModuleToken?.Value ?? currentModule, structDef.NameToken.Value, structDef.Packed, []);
                 _typeCache[key] = result;
 
                 var fields = structDef.Fields

compiler/NubLang/Generation/CType.cs

@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-using NubLang.Ast;
-
-namespace NubLang.Generation;
-
-public static class CType
-{
-    public static string Create(NubType type, string? variableName = null, bool constArraysAsPointers = true)
-    {
-        return type switch
-        {
-            NubVoidType => "void" + (variableName != null ? $" {variableName}" : ""),
-            NubBoolType => "bool" + (variableName != null ? $" {variableName}" : ""),
-            NubIntType i => CreateIntType(i, variableName),
-            NubFloatType f => CreateFloatType(f, variableName),
-            NubPointerType p => CreatePointerType(p, variableName),
-            NubRefType r => CreateRefType(r, variableName),
-            NubSliceType => "nub_slice" + (variableName != null ? $" {variableName}" : ""),
-            NubStringType => "nub_string" + (variableName != null ? $" {variableName}" : ""),
-            NubConstArrayType a => CreateConstArrayType(a, variableName, constArraysAsPointers),
-            NubArrayType a => CreateArrayType(a, variableName),
-            NubFuncType f => CreateFuncType(f, variableName),
-            NubStructType s => $"{s.Module}_{s.Name}_{NameMangler.Mangle(s)}" + (variableName != null ? $" {variableName}" : ""),
-            _ => throw new NotSupportedException($"C type generation not supported for: {type}")
-        };
-    }
-
-    private static string CreateIntType(NubIntType intType, string? varName)
-    {
-        var cType = intType.Width switch
-        {
-            8 => intType.Signed ? "char" : "unsigned char",
-            16 => intType.Signed ? "short" : "unsigned short",
-            32 => intType.Signed ? "int" : "unsigned int",
-            64 => intType.Signed ? "long long" : "unsigned long long",
-            _ => throw new NotSupportedException($"Unsupported integer width: {intType.Width}")
-        };
-        return cType + (varName != null ? $" {varName}" : "");
-    }
-
-    private static string CreateFloatType(NubFloatType floatType, string? varName)
-    {
-        var cType = floatType.Width switch
-        {
-            32 => "float",
-            64 => "double",
-            _ => throw new NotSupportedException($"Unsupported float width: {floatType.Width}")
-        };
-        return cType + (varName != null ? $" {varName}" : "");
-    }
-
-    private static string CreateRefType(NubRefType ptr, string? varName)
-    {
-        var baseType = Create(ptr.BaseType);
-        return baseType + "*" + (varName != null ? $" {varName}" : "");
-    }
-
-    private static string CreatePointerType(NubPointerType ptr, string? varName)
-    {
-        var baseType = Create(ptr.BaseType);
-        return baseType + "*" + (varName != null ? $" {varName}" : "");
-    }
-
-    private static string CreateConstArrayType(NubConstArrayType arr, string? varName, bool inStructDef)
-    {
-        var elementType = Create(arr.ElementType);
-
-        // Treat const arrays as pointers unless in a struct definition
-        if (!inStructDef)
-        {
-            return elementType + "*" + (varName != null ? $" {varName}" : "");
-        }
-
-        if (varName != null)
-        {
-            return $"{elementType} {varName}[{arr.Size}]";
-        }
-
-        return $"{elementType}[{arr.Size}]";
-    }
-
-    private static string CreateArrayType(NubArrayType arr, string? varName)
-    {
-        var elementType = Create(arr.ElementType);
-        return elementType + "*" + (varName != null ? $" {varName}" : "");
-    }
-
-    private static string CreateFuncType(NubFuncType fn, string? varName)
-    {
-        var returnType = Create(fn.ReturnType);
-        var parameters = string.Join(", ", fn.Parameters.Select(p => Create(p)));
-
-        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(parameters))
-        {
-            parameters = "void";
-        }
-
-        if (varName != null)
-        {
-            return $"{returnType} (*{varName})({parameters})";
-        }
-
-        return $"{returnType} (*)({parameters})";
-    }
-}

compiler/NubLang/Generation/Generator.cs

@@ -1,691 +0,0 @@
-using System.Diagnostics;
-using System.Text;
-using NubLang.Ast;
-using NubLang.Syntax;
-
-namespace NubLang.Generation;
-
-public class Generator
-{
-    private readonly List<TopLevelNode> _compilationUnit;
-    private readonly IndentedTextWriter _writer;
-    private readonly Stack<Scope> _scopes = [];
-    private int _tmpIndex;
-
-    private Scope Scope => _scopes.Peek();
-
-    public Generator(List<TopLevelNode> compilationUnit)
-    {
-        _compilationUnit = compilationUnit;
-        _writer = new IndentedTextWriter();
-    }
-
-    // todo(nub31): Handle name collisions
-    private string NewTmp()
-    {
-        return $"_t{++_tmpIndex}";
-    }
-
-    private static string FuncName(string module, string name, string? externSymbol)
-    {
-        return externSymbol ?? $"{module}_{name}";
-    }
-
-    private string GetModuleName()
-    {
-        return _compilationUnit.OfType<ModuleNode>().First().NameToken.Value;
-    }
-
-    public string Emit()
-    {
-        foreach (var structType in _compilationUnit.OfType<StructNode>())
-        {
-            _writer.WriteLine($"void {CType.Create(structType.StructType)}_create({CType.Create(structType.StructType)} *self)");
-            _writer.WriteLine("{");
-            using (_writer.Indent())
-            {
-                foreach (var field in structType.Fields)
-                {
-                    if (field.Value != null)
-                    {
-                        var value = EmitExpression(field.Value);
-                        _writer.WriteLine($"self->{field.NameToken.Value} = {value}");
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            _writer.WriteLine("}");
-            _writer.WriteLine();
-
-            _writer.WriteLine($"void {CType.Create(structType.StructType)}_destroy({CType.Create(structType.StructType)} *self)");
-            _writer.WriteLine("{");
-            using (_writer.Indent())
-            {
-                foreach (var field in structType.Fields)
-                {
-                    if (field.Type is NubRefType)
-                    {
-                        _writer.WriteLine($"rc_release(self->{field.NameToken.Value});");
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            _writer.WriteLine("}");
-            _writer.WriteLine();
-        }
-
-        // note(nub31): Normal functions
-        foreach (var funcNode in _compilationUnit.OfType<FuncNode>())
-        {
-            if (funcNode.Body == null) continue;
-
-            EmitLine(funcNode.Tokens.FirstOrDefault());
-            var parameters = funcNode.Prototype.Parameters.Count != 0
-                ? string.Join(", ", funcNode.Prototype.Parameters.Select(x => CType.Create(x.Type, x.NameToken.Value)))
-                : "void";
-
-            var name = FuncName(GetModuleName(), funcNode.NameToken.Value, funcNode.Prototype.ExternSymbolToken?.Value);
-            _writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(funcNode.Prototype.ReturnType, name)}({parameters})");
-            _writer.WriteLine("{");
-            using (_writer.Indent())
-            {
-                using (BeginScope())
-                {
-                    foreach (var parameter in funcNode.Prototype.Parameters)
-                    {
-                        if (parameter.Type is NubRefType)
-                        {
-                            Scope.Defer(() => _writer.WriteLine($"rc_release({parameter.NameToken.Value});"));
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    EmitBlock(funcNode.Body);
-                }
-            }
-
-            _writer.WriteLine("}");
-            _writer.WriteLine();
-        }
-
-        return _writer.ToString();
-    }
-
-    private void EmitStatement(StatementNode statementNode)
-    {
-        EmitLine(statementNode.Tokens.FirstOrDefault());
-        switch (statementNode)
-        {
-            case AssignmentNode assignmentNode:
-                EmitAssignment(assignmentNode);
-                break;
-            case BlockNode blockNode:
-                _writer.WriteLine("{");
-                using (_writer.Indent())
-                {
-                    using (BeginScope())
-                    {
-                        EmitBlock(blockNode);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                _writer.WriteLine("}");
-                break;
-            case BreakNode breakNode:
-                EmitBreak(breakNode);
-                break;
-            case ContinueNode continueNode:
-                EmitContinue(continueNode);
-                break;
-            case DeferNode deferNode:
-                Scope.Defer(() => EmitStatement(deferNode.Statement));
-                break;
-            case ForConstArrayNode forConstArrayNode:
-                EmitForConstArray(forConstArrayNode);
-                break;
-            case ForSliceNode forSliceNode:
-                EmitForSlice(forSliceNode);
-                break;
-            case IfNode ifNode:
-                EmitIf(ifNode);
-                break;
-            case ReturnNode returnNode:
-                EmitReturn(returnNode);
-                break;
-            case StatementFuncCallNode statementFuncCallNode:
-                EmitStatementFuncCall(statementFuncCallNode);
-                break;
-            case VariableDeclarationNode variableDeclarationNode:
-                EmitVariableDeclaration(variableDeclarationNode);
-                break;
-            case WhileNode whileNode:
-                EmitWhile(whileNode);
-                break;
-            default:
-                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(statementNode));
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void EmitLine(Token? token)
-    {
-        if (token == null) return;
-        var file = token.Span.FilePath;
-        var line = token.Span.Start.Line;
-        _writer.WriteLine($"#line {line} \"{file}\"");
-    }
-
-    private void EmitAssignment(AssignmentNode assignmentNode)
-    {
-        var target = EmitExpression(assignmentNode.Target);
-        var value = EmitExpression(assignmentNode.Value);
-
-        if (assignmentNode.Target.Type is NubRefType)
-        {
-            _writer.WriteLine($"rc_retain({value});");
-            Scope.Defer(() => _writer.WriteLine($"rc_release({value});"));
-            _writer.WriteLine($"rc_release({target});");
-        }
-
-        _writer.WriteLine($"{target} = {value};");
-    }
-
-    private void EmitBreak(BreakNode _)
-    {
-        // todo(nub31): Emit deferred statements
-        _writer.WriteLine("break;");
-    }
-
-    private void EmitContinue(ContinueNode _)
-    {
-        // todo(nub31): Emit deferred statements
-        _writer.WriteLine("continue;");
-    }
-
-    private void EmitForSlice(ForSliceNode forSliceNode)
-    {
-        var targetType = (NubSliceType)forSliceNode.Target.Type;
-        var target = EmitExpression(forSliceNode.Target);
-        var indexName = forSliceNode.IndexNameToken?.Value ?? NewTmp();
-
-        _writer.WriteLine($"for (unsigned long long {indexName} = 0; {indexName} < {target}.length; ++{indexName})");
-        _writer.WriteLine("{");
-        using (_writer.Indent())
-        {
-            using (BeginScope())
-            {
-                _writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(targetType.ElementType, forSliceNode.ElementNameToken.Value)} = (({CType.Create(targetType.ElementType)}*){target}.data)[{indexName}];");
-                EmitBlock(forSliceNode.Body);
-            }
-        }
-
-        _writer.WriteLine("}");
-    }
-
-    private void EmitForConstArray(ForConstArrayNode forConstArrayNode)
-    {
-        var targetType = (NubConstArrayType)forConstArrayNode.Target.Type;
-        var target = EmitExpression(forConstArrayNode.Target);
-        var indexName = forConstArrayNode.IndexNameToken?.Value ?? NewTmp();
-
-        _writer.WriteLine($"for (unsigned long long {indexName} = 0; {indexName} < {targetType.Size}; ++{indexName})");
-        _writer.WriteLine("{");
-        using (_writer.Indent())
-        {
-            using (BeginScope())
-            {
-                _writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(targetType.ElementType, forConstArrayNode.ElementNameToken.Value)} = {target}[{indexName}];");
-                EmitBlock(forConstArrayNode.Body);
-            }
-        }
-
-        _writer.WriteLine("}");
-    }
-
-    private void EmitIf(IfNode ifNode, bool elseIf = false)
-    {
-        var condition = EmitExpression(ifNode.Condition);
-        _writer.WriteLine($"{(elseIf ? "else " : "")}if ({condition})");
-        _writer.WriteLine("{");
-        using (_writer.Indent())
-        {
-            using (BeginScope())
-            {
-                EmitBlock(ifNode.Body);
-            }
-        }
-
-        _writer.WriteLine("}");
-        ifNode.Else?.Match
-        (
-            elseIfNode => EmitIf(elseIfNode, true),
-            elseNode =>
-            {
-                _writer.WriteLine("else");
-                _writer.WriteLine("{");
-                using (_writer.Indent())
-                {
-                    using (BeginScope())
-                    {
-                        EmitBlock(elseNode);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                _writer.WriteLine("}");
-            }
-        );
-    }
-
-    private void EmitReturn(ReturnNode returnNode)
-    {
-        if (returnNode.Value == null)
-        {
-            EmitScopeCleanup();
-            _writer.WriteLine("return;");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            var returnValue = EmitExpression(returnNode.Value);
-            var tmp = NewTmp();
-            _writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(returnNode.Value.Type, tmp)} = {returnValue};");
-            if (returnNode.Value.Type is NubRefType)
-            {
-                _writer.WriteLine($"rc_retain({tmp});");
-            }
-
-            EmitScopeCleanup();
-            EmitLine(returnNode.Tokens.FirstOrDefault());
-            _writer.WriteLine($"return {tmp};");
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void EmitStatementFuncCall(StatementFuncCallNode statementFuncCallNode)
-    {
-        EmitFuncCall(statementFuncCallNode.FuncCall);
-    }
-
-    private void EmitVariableDeclaration(VariableDeclarationNode variableDeclarationNode)
-    {
-        if (variableDeclarationNode.Assignment != null)
-        {
-            var value = EmitExpression(variableDeclarationNode.Assignment);
-
-            if (variableDeclarationNode.Type is NubRefType)
-            {
-                _writer.WriteLine($"rc_retain({value});");
-                Scope.Defer(() => _writer.WriteLine($"rc_release({value});"));
-            }
-
-            _writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(variableDeclarationNode.Type, variableDeclarationNode.NameToken.Value)} = {value};");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            _writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(variableDeclarationNode.Type, variableDeclarationNode.NameToken.Value)};");
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void EmitWhile(WhileNode whileNode)
-    {
-        var condition = EmitExpression(whileNode.Condition);
-        _writer.WriteLine($"while ({condition})");
-        _writer.WriteLine("{");
-        using (_writer.Indent())
-        {
-            using (BeginScope())
-            {
-                EmitBlock(whileNode.Body);
-            }
-        }
-
-        _writer.WriteLine("}");
-    }
-
-    private string EmitExpression(ExpressionNode expressionNode)
-    {
-        if (expressionNode is IntermediateExpression)
-        {
-            throw new UnreachableException("Type checker fucked up");
-        }
-
-        var expr = expressionNode switch
-        {
-            ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccessNode => EmitArrayIndexAccess(arrayIndexAccessNode),
-            ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializerNode => EmitArrayInitializer(arrayInitializerNode),
-            BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpressionNode => EmitBinaryExpression(binaryExpressionNode),
-            BoolLiteralNode boolLiteralNode => boolLiteralNode.Value ? "true" : "false",
-            ConstArrayIndexAccessNode constArrayIndexAccessNode => EmitConstArrayIndexAccess(constArrayIndexAccessNode),
-            ConstArrayInitializerNode constArrayInitializerNode => EmitConstArrayInitializer(constArrayInitializerNode),
-            CStringLiteralNode cStringLiteralNode => $"\"{cStringLiteralNode.Value}\"",
-            DereferenceNode dereferenceNode => EmitDereference(dereferenceNode),
-            Float32LiteralNode float32LiteralNode => EmitFloat32Literal(float32LiteralNode),
-            Float64LiteralNode float64LiteralNode => EmitFloat64Literal(float64LiteralNode),
-            CastNode castNode => EmitCast(castNode),
-            FuncCallNode funcCallNode => EmitFuncCall(funcCallNode),
-            FuncIdentifierNode funcIdentifierNode => FuncName(funcIdentifierNode.ModuleToken.Value, funcIdentifierNode.NameToken.Value, funcIdentifierNode.ExternSymbolToken?.Value),
-            AddressOfNode addressOfNode => EmitAddressOf(addressOfNode),
-            RefDereferenceNode refDereferenceNode => EmitRefDereference(refDereferenceNode),
-            RefStructInitializerNode refStructInitializerNode => EmitRefStructInitializer(refStructInitializerNode),
-            SizeNode sizeBuiltinNode => $"sizeof({CType.Create(sizeBuiltinNode.TargetType)})",
-            SliceIndexAccessNode sliceIndexAccessNode => EmitSliceArrayIndexAccess(sliceIndexAccessNode),
-            StringLiteralNode stringLiteralNode => EmitStringLiteral(stringLiteralNode),
-            StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccessNode => EmitStructFieldAccess(structFieldAccessNode),
-            StructInitializerNode structInitializerNode => EmitStructInitializer(structInitializerNode),
-            I8LiteralNode i8LiteralNode => EmitI8Literal(i8LiteralNode),
-            I16LiteralNode i16LiteralNode => EmitI16Literal(i16LiteralNode),
-            I32LiteralNode i32LiteralNode => EmitI32Literal(i32LiteralNode),
-            I64LiteralNode i64LiteralNode => EmitI64Literal(i64LiteralNode),
-            U8LiteralNode u8LiteralNode => EmitU8Literal(u8LiteralNode),
-            U16LiteralNode u16LiteralNode => EmitU16Literal(u16LiteralNode),
-            U32LiteralNode u32LiteralNode => EmitU32Literal(u32LiteralNode),
-            U64LiteralNode u64LiteralNode => EmitU64Literal(u64LiteralNode),
-            UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpressionNode => EmitUnaryExpression(unaryExpressionNode),
-            VariableIdentifierNode variableIdentifierNode => variableIdentifierNode.NameToken.Value,
-            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(expressionNode))
-        };
-
-        return $"({expr})";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitArrayIndexAccess(ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccessNode)
-    {
-        var target = EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccessNode.Target);
-        var index = EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccessNode.Index);
-        return $"{target}[{index}]";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitArrayInitializer(ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializerNode)
-    {
-        var values = new List<string>();
-        foreach (var value in arrayInitializerNode.Values)
-        {
-            values.Add(EmitExpression(value));
-        }
-
-        var arrayType = (NubArrayType)arrayInitializerNode.Type;
-        return $"({CType.Create(arrayType.ElementType)}[]){{{string.Join(", ", values)}}}";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitBinaryExpression(BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpressionNode)
-    {
-        var left = EmitExpression(binaryExpressionNode.Left);
-        var right = EmitExpression(binaryExpressionNode.Right);
-
-        var op = binaryExpressionNode.Operator switch
-        {
-            BinaryOperator.Plus => "+",
-            BinaryOperator.Minus => "-",
-            BinaryOperator.Multiply => "*",
-            BinaryOperator.Divide => "/",
-            BinaryOperator.Modulo => "%",
-            BinaryOperator.Equal => "==",
-            BinaryOperator.NotEqual => "!=",
-            BinaryOperator.LessThan => "<",
-            BinaryOperator.LessThanOrEqual => "<=",
-            BinaryOperator.GreaterThan => ">",
-            BinaryOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual => ">=",
-            BinaryOperator.LogicalAnd => "&&",
-            BinaryOperator.LogicalOr => "||",
-            BinaryOperator.BitwiseAnd => "&",
-            BinaryOperator.BitwiseOr => "|",
-            BinaryOperator.BitwiseXor => "^",
-            BinaryOperator.LeftShift => "<<",
-            BinaryOperator.RightShift => ">>",
-            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
-        };
-
-        return $"{left} {op} {right}";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitConstArrayIndexAccess(ConstArrayIndexAccessNode constArrayIndexAccessNode)
-    {
-        var target = EmitExpression(constArrayIndexAccessNode.Target);
-        var index = EmitExpression(constArrayIndexAccessNode.Index);
-        // todo(nub31): We can emit bounds checking here
-        return $"{target}[{index}]";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitConstArrayInitializer(ConstArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializerNode)
-    {
-        var values = new List<string>();
-        foreach (var value in arrayInitializerNode.Values)
-        {
-            values.Add(EmitExpression(value));
-        }
-
-        var arrayType = (NubConstArrayType)arrayInitializerNode.Type;
-        return $"({CType.Create(arrayType.ElementType)}[{arrayType.Size}]){{{string.Join(", ", values)}}}";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitDereference(DereferenceNode dereferenceNode)
-    {
-        var pointer = EmitExpression(dereferenceNode.Target);
-        return $"*{pointer}";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitFloat32Literal(Float32LiteralNode float32LiteralNode)
-    {
-        var str = float32LiteralNode.Value.ToString("G9", System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
-        if (!str.Contains('.') && !str.Contains('e') && !str.Contains('E'))
-        {
-            str += ".0";
-        }
-
-        return str + "f";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitFloat64Literal(Float64LiteralNode float64LiteralNode)
-    {
-        var str = float64LiteralNode.Value.ToString("G17", System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
-        if (!str.Contains('.') && !str.Contains('e') && !str.Contains('E'))
-        {
-            str += ".0";
-        }
-
-        return str;
-    }
-
-    private string EmitCast(CastNode castNode)
-    {
-        var value = EmitExpression(castNode.Value);
-
-        if (castNode is { Type: NubSliceType sliceType, Value.Type: NubConstArrayType arrayType })
-        {
-            return $"({CType.Create(sliceType)}){{.length = {arrayType.Size}, .data = (void*){value}}}";
-        }
-
-        return $"({CType.Create(castNode.Type)}){value}";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitFuncCall(FuncCallNode funcCallNode)
-    {
-        var name = EmitExpression(funcCallNode.Expression);
-
-        var parameterNames = new List<string>();
-        foreach (var parameter in funcCallNode.Parameters)
-        {
-            var result = EmitExpression(parameter);
-            if (parameter.Type is NubRefType)
-            {
-                _writer.WriteLine($"rc_retain({result});");
-            }
-
-            parameterNames.Add(result);
-        }
-
-        var tmp = NewTmp();
-
-        _writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(funcCallNode.Type)} {tmp} = {name}({string.Join(", ", parameterNames)});");
-
-        if (funcCallNode.Type is NubRefType)
-        {
-            Scope.Defer(() => _writer.WriteLine($"rc_release({tmp});"));
-        }
-
-        return tmp;
-    }
-
-    private string EmitAddressOf(AddressOfNode addressOfNode)
-    {
-        var value = EmitExpression(addressOfNode.LValue);
-        return $"&{value}";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitRefDereference(RefDereferenceNode refDereferenceNode)
-    {
-        var pointer = EmitExpression(refDereferenceNode.Target);
-        return $"*{pointer}";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitRefStructInitializer(RefStructInitializerNode refStructInitializerNode)
-    {
-        var type = (NubRefType)refStructInitializerNode.Type;
-        var structType = (NubStructType)type.BaseType;
-
-        var tmp = NewTmp();
-        _writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(type)} {tmp} = ({CType.Create(type)})rc_alloc(sizeof({CType.Create(structType)}), (void (*)(void *)){CType.Create(structType)}_destroy);");
-        Scope.Defer(() => _writer.WriteLine($"rc_release({tmp});"));
-
-        _writer.WriteLine($"*{tmp} = ({CType.Create(structType)}){{{0}}};");
-        _writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(structType)}_create({tmp});");
-
-        foreach (var initializer in refStructInitializerNode.Initializers)
-        {
-            var value = EmitExpression(initializer.Value);
-            _writer.WriteLine($"{tmp}->{initializer.Key} = {value};");
-        }
-
-        return tmp;
-    }
-
-    private string EmitSliceArrayIndexAccess(SliceIndexAccessNode sliceIndexAccessNode)
-    {
-        var targetType = (NubSliceType)sliceIndexAccessNode.Target.Type;
-        var target = EmitExpression(sliceIndexAccessNode.Target);
-        var index = EmitExpression(sliceIndexAccessNode.Index);
-        // todo(nub31): We can emit bounds checking here
-        return $"(({CType.Create(targetType.ElementType)}*){target}.data)[{index}]";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitStringLiteral(StringLiteralNode stringLiteralNode)
-    {
-        var length = Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(stringLiteralNode.Value);
-        return $"({CType.Create(stringLiteralNode.Type)}){{.length = {length}, .data = \"{stringLiteralNode.Value}\"}}";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitStructFieldAccess(StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccessNode)
-    {
-        var structExpr = EmitExpression(structFieldAccessNode.Target);
-        return $"{structExpr}.{structFieldAccessNode.FieldToken.Value}";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitStructInitializer(StructInitializerNode structInitializerNode)
-    {
-        var structType = (NubStructType)structInitializerNode.Type;
-
-        var tmp = NewTmp();
-        _writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(structType)} {tmp} = ({CType.Create(structType)}){{0}};");
-        _writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(structType)}_create(&{tmp});");
-
-        foreach (var initializer in structInitializerNode.Initializers)
-        {
-            var value = EmitExpression(initializer.Value);
-            _writer.WriteLine($"{tmp}.{initializer.Key} = {value};");
-        }
-
-        return tmp;
-    }
-
-    private string EmitI8Literal(I8LiteralNode i8LiteralNode)
-    {
-        return i8LiteralNode.Value.ToString();
-    }
-
-    private string EmitI16Literal(I16LiteralNode i16LiteralNode)
-    {
-        return i16LiteralNode.Value.ToString();
-    }
-
-    private string EmitI32Literal(I32LiteralNode i32LiteralNode)
-    {
-        return i32LiteralNode.Value.ToString();
-    }
-
-    private string EmitI64Literal(I64LiteralNode i64LiteralNode)
-    {
-        return i64LiteralNode.Value + "LL";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitU8Literal(U8LiteralNode u8LiteralNode)
-    {
-        return u8LiteralNode.Value.ToString();
-    }
-
-    private string EmitU16Literal(U16LiteralNode u16LiteralNode)
-    {
-        return u16LiteralNode.Value.ToString();
-    }
-
-    private string EmitU32Literal(U32LiteralNode u32LiteralNode)
-    {
-        return u32LiteralNode.Value.ToString();
-    }
-
-    private string EmitU64Literal(U64LiteralNode u64LiteralNode)
-    {
-        return u64LiteralNode.Value + "ULL";
-    }
-
-    private string EmitUnaryExpression(UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpressionNode)
-    {
-        var value = EmitExpression(unaryExpressionNode.Operand);
-
-        return unaryExpressionNode.Operator switch
-        {
-            UnaryOperator.Negate => $"-{value}",
-            UnaryOperator.Invert => $"!{value}",
-            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
-        };
-    }
-
-    private void EmitBlock(BlockNode blockNode)
-    {
-        foreach (var statementNode in blockNode.Statements)
-        {
-            EmitStatement(statementNode);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void EmitScopeCleanup()
-    {
-        var deferredStack = Scope.GetDeferred();
-        while (deferredStack.TryPop(out var deferred))
-        {
-            deferred.Invoke();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private ScopeDisposer BeginScope()
-    {
-        _scopes.Push(new Scope());
-        return new ScopeDisposer(this);
-    }
-
-    private sealed class ScopeDisposer(Generator owner) : IDisposable
-    {
-        public void Dispose()
-        {
-            owner.EmitScopeCleanup();
-            owner._scopes.Pop();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-public class Scope
-{
-    private readonly List<Action> _deferred = [];
-
-    public void Defer(Action action)
-    {
-        _deferred.Add(action);
-    }
-
-    public Stack<Action> GetDeferred() => new(_deferred);
-}

compiler/NubLang/Generation/HeaderGenerator.cs

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-using NubLang.Ast;
-using NubLang.Syntax;
-
-namespace NubLang.Generation;
-
-public static class HeaderGenerator
-{
-    private static string FuncName(string module, string name, string? externSymbol)
-    {
-        return externSymbol ?? $"{module}_{name}";
-    }
-
-    public static string Generate(string name, TypedModule module)
-    {
-        var writer = new IndentedTextWriter();
-
-        writer.WriteLine();
-
-        foreach (var structType in module.StructTypes)
-        {
-            writer.WriteLine("typedef struct");
-            writer.WriteLine("{");
-            using (writer.Indent())
-            {
-                foreach (var field in structType.Fields)
-                {
-                    writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(field.Type)} {field.Name};");
-                }
-            }
-
-            writer.WriteLine($"}} {CType.Create(structType)};");
-            writer.WriteLine($"void {CType.Create(structType)}_create({CType.Create(structType)} *self);");
-            writer.WriteLine($"void {CType.Create(structType)}_destroy({CType.Create(structType)} *self);");
-            writer.WriteLine();
-        }
-
-        foreach (var prototype in module.FunctionPrototypes)
-        {
-            var parameters = prototype.Parameters.Count != 0
-                ? string.Join(", ", prototype.Parameters.Select(x => CType.Create(x.Type, x.NameToken.Value)))
-                : "void";
-
-            var funcName = FuncName(name, prototype.NameToken.Value, prototype.ExternSymbolToken?.Value);
-            writer.WriteLine($"{CType.Create(prototype.ReturnType, funcName)}({parameters});");
-        }
-
-        return writer.ToString();
-    }
-}

compiler/NubLang/Generation/LlvmGenerator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,979 @@
+using System.Text;
+using NubLang.Ast;
+
+namespace NubLang.Generation;
+
+public class LlvmGenerator
+{
+    private string _module = string.Empty;
+    private int _tmpIndex;
+    private int _labelIndex;
+    private List<(string Name, int Size, string Text)> _stringLiterals = [];
+    private Stack<(string breakLabel, string continueLabel)> _loopStack = [];
+
+    public string Emit(List<TopLevelNode> topLevelNodes)
+    {
+        _stringLiterals = [];
+        _loopStack = [];
+
+        var writer = new IndentedTextWriter();
+
+        _module = topLevelNodes.OfType<ModuleNode>().First().NameToken.Value;
+        writer.WriteLine($"; Module {_module}");
+        writer.WriteLine();
+
+        writer.WriteLine("declare void @llvm.memcpy.p0.p0.i64(ptr, ptr, i64, i1)");
+        writer.WriteLine();
+
+        foreach (var structNode in topLevelNodes.OfType<StructNode>())
+        {
+            var types = structNode.Fields.Select(x => MapType(x.Type));
+            writer.WriteLine($"%{StructName(structNode)} = type {{ {string.Join(", ", types)} }}");
+            writer.WriteLine();
+
+            _tmpIndex = 0;
+            _labelIndex = 0;
+
+            writer.WriteLine($"define void @{StructName(structNode)}.new(ptr %self) {{");
+            using (writer.Indent())
+            {
+                foreach (var field in structNode.Fields)
+                {
+                    if (field.Value != null)
+                    {
+                        var index = structNode.StructType.GetFieldIndex(field.NameToken.Value);
+                        var fieldTmp = NewTmp($"struct.field.{field.NameToken.Value}");
+                        writer.WriteLine($"{fieldTmp} = getelementptr %{StructName(structNode)}, ptr %self, i32 0, i32 {index}");
+
+                        EmitExpressionInto(writer, field.Value, fieldTmp);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                writer.WriteLine("ret void");
+            }
+
+            writer.WriteLine("}");
+            writer.WriteLine();
+        }
+
+        foreach (var funcNode in topLevelNodes.OfType<FuncNode>())
+        {
+            if (funcNode.Body != null) continue;
+            var parameters = funcNode.Prototype.Parameters.Select(x => $"{MapType(x.Type)} %{x.NameToken.Value}");
+
+            writer.WriteLine($"declare {MapType(funcNode.Prototype.ReturnType)} @{FuncName(funcNode.Prototype)}({string.Join(", ", parameters)})");
+            writer.WriteLine();
+        }
+
+        foreach (var funcNode in topLevelNodes.OfType<FuncNode>())
+        {
+            if (funcNode.Body == null) continue;
+
+            _tmpIndex = 0;
+            _labelIndex = 0;
+
+            var parameters = funcNode.Prototype.Parameters.Select(x => $"{MapType(x.Type)} %{x.NameToken.Value}");
+            writer.WriteLine($"define {MapType(funcNode.Prototype.ReturnType)} @{FuncName(funcNode.Prototype)}({string.Join(", ", parameters)}) {{");
+
+            using (writer.Indent())
+            {
+                EmitBlock(writer, funcNode.Body);
+
+                // note(nub31): Implicit return for void functions
+                if (funcNode.Prototype.ReturnType is NubVoidType)
+                {
+                    writer.WriteLine("ret void");
+                }
+            }
+
+            writer.WriteLine("}");
+            writer.WriteLine();
+        }
+
+        foreach (var stringLiteral in _stringLiterals)
+        {
+            writer.WriteLine($"{stringLiteral.Name} = private unnamed_addr constant [{stringLiteral.Size} x i8] c\"{stringLiteral.Text}\\00\", align 1");
+        }
+
+        return writer.ToString();
+    }
+
+    private void EmitStatement(IndentedTextWriter writer, StatementNode statementNode)
+    {
+        switch (statementNode)
+        {
+            case AssignmentNode assignmentNode:
+                EmitAssignment(writer, assignmentNode);
+                break;
+            case BlockNode blockNode:
+                EmitBlock(writer, blockNode);
+                break;
+            case BreakNode breakNode:
+                EmitBreak(writer, breakNode);
+                break;
+            case ContinueNode continueNode:
+                EmitContinue(writer, continueNode);
+                break;
+            case DeferNode deferNode:
+                EmitDefer(writer, deferNode);
+                break;
+            case ForConstArrayNode forConstArrayNode:
+                EmitForConstArray(writer, forConstArrayNode);
+                break;
+            case ForSliceNode forSliceNode:
+                EmitForSlice(writer, forSliceNode);
+                break;
+            case IfNode ifNode:
+                EmitIf(writer, ifNode);
+                break;
+            case ReturnNode returnNode:
+                EmitReturn(writer, returnNode);
+                break;
+            case StatementFuncCallNode statementFuncCallNode:
+                EmitStatementFuncCall(writer, statementFuncCallNode);
+                break;
+            case VariableDeclarationNode variableDeclarationNode:
+                EmitVariableDeclaration(writer, variableDeclarationNode);
+                break;
+            case WhileNode whileNode:
+                EmitWhile(writer, whileNode);
+                break;
+            default:
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitAssignment(IndentedTextWriter writer, AssignmentNode assignmentNode)
+    {
+        var target = EmitExpression(writer, assignmentNode.Target);
+        var value = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, assignmentNode.Value));
+        writer.WriteLine($"store {MapType(assignmentNode.Value.Type)} {value}, ptr {target.Ident}");
+    }
+
+    private void EmitBlock(IndentedTextWriter writer, BlockNode blockNode)
+    {
+        foreach (var statementNode in blockNode.Statements)
+        {
+            EmitStatement(writer, statementNode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitBreak(IndentedTextWriter writer, BreakNode breakNode)
+    {
+        var (breakLabel, _) = _loopStack.Peek();
+        writer.WriteLine($"br label %{breakLabel}");
+    }
+
+    private void EmitContinue(IndentedTextWriter writer, ContinueNode continueNode)
+    {
+        var (_, continueLabel) = _loopStack.Peek();
+        writer.WriteLine($"br label %{continueLabel}");
+    }
+
+    private void EmitDefer(IndentedTextWriter writer, DeferNode deferNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private void EmitForConstArray(IndentedTextWriter writer, ForConstArrayNode forConstArrayNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private void EmitForSlice(IndentedTextWriter writer, ForSliceNode forSliceNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private void EmitIf(IndentedTextWriter writer, IfNode ifNode)
+    {
+        var endLabel = NewLabel("if.end");
+        EmitIf(writer, ifNode, endLabel);
+        writer.WriteLine($"{endLabel}:");
+    }
+
+    private void EmitIf(IndentedTextWriter writer, IfNode ifNode, string endLabel)
+    {
+        var condition = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, ifNode.Condition));
+        var thenLabel = NewLabel("if.then");
+        var elseLabel = ifNode.Else.HasValue ? NewLabel("if.else") : endLabel;
+
+        writer.WriteLine($"br i1 {condition}, label %{thenLabel}, label %{elseLabel}");
+
+        writer.WriteLine($"{thenLabel}:");
+        using (writer.Indent())
+        {
+            EmitBlock(writer, ifNode.Body);
+            writer.WriteLine($"br label %{endLabel}");
+        }
+
+        if (!ifNode.Else.HasValue) return;
+
+        writer.WriteLine($"{elseLabel}:");
+        using (writer.Indent())
+        {
+            ifNode.Else.Value.Match(
+                nestedElseIf => EmitIf(writer, nestedElseIf, endLabel),
+                finalElse =>
+                {
+                    EmitBlock(writer, finalElse);
+                    writer.WriteLine($"br label %{endLabel}");
+                }
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitReturn(IndentedTextWriter writer, ReturnNode returnNode)
+    {
+        if (returnNode.Value != null)
+        {
+            var returnValue = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, returnNode.Value));
+            writer.WriteLine($"ret {MapType(returnNode.Value.Type)} {returnValue}");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            writer.WriteLine("ret void");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitStatementFuncCall(IndentedTextWriter writer, StatementFuncCallNode statementFuncCallNode)
+    {
+        EmitFuncCall(writer, statementFuncCallNode.FuncCall);
+    }
+
+    private void EmitVariableDeclaration(IndentedTextWriter writer, VariableDeclarationNode variableDeclarationNode)
+    {
+        writer.WriteLine($"%{variableDeclarationNode.NameToken.Value} = alloca {MapType(variableDeclarationNode.Type)}");
+        if (variableDeclarationNode.Assignment != null)
+        {
+            EmitExpressionInto(writer, variableDeclarationNode.Assignment, $"%{variableDeclarationNode.NameToken.Value}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void EmitWhile(IndentedTextWriter writer, WhileNode whileNode)
+    {
+        var conditionLabel = NewLabel("while.condition");
+        var bodyLabel = NewLabel("while.body");
+        var endLabel = NewLabel("while.end");
+
+        _loopStack.Push((endLabel, conditionLabel));
+
+        writer.WriteLine($"br label %{conditionLabel}");
+
+        writer.WriteLine($"{conditionLabel}:");
+        using (writer.Indent())
+        {
+            var condition = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, whileNode.Condition));
+            writer.WriteLine($"br i1 {condition}, label %{bodyLabel}, label %{endLabel}");
+        }
+
+        writer.WriteLine($"{bodyLabel}:");
+        using (writer.Indent())
+        {
+            EmitBlock(writer, whileNode.Body);
+            writer.WriteLine($"br label %{conditionLabel}");
+        }
+
+        _loopStack.Pop();
+
+        writer.WriteLine($"{endLabel}:");
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitExpression(IndentedTextWriter writer, ExpressionNode expressionNode)
+    {
+        return expressionNode switch
+        {
+            RValue rValue => EmitRValue(writer, rValue),
+            LValue lValue => EmitLValue(writer, lValue),
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(expressionNode))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private void EmitExpressionInto(IndentedTextWriter writer, ExpressionNode expressionNode, string destination)
+    {
+        switch (expressionNode)
+        {
+            case StructInitializerNode structInitializerNode:
+            {
+                EmitStructInitializer(writer, structInitializerNode, destination);
+                return;
+            }
+            case ConstArrayInitializerNode constArrayInitializerNode:
+            {
+                EmitConstArrayInitializer(writer, constArrayInitializerNode, destination);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        var value = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, expressionNode));
+
+        if (expressionNode.Type.IsAggregate())
+        {
+            // note(nub31): Fall back to slow method creating a copy
+            writer.WriteLine("; Slow rvalue copy instead of direct memory write");
+            writer.WriteLine($"call void @llvm.memcpy.p0.p0.i64(ptr {destination}, ptr {value}, i64 {expressionNode.Type.GetSize()}, i1 false)");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            writer.WriteLine($"store {MapType(expressionNode.Type)} {value}, ptr {destination}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitRValue(IndentedTextWriter writer, RValue rValue)
+    {
+        return rValue switch
+        {
+            AddressOfNode addressOfNode => EmitAddressOf(writer, addressOfNode),
+            BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpressionNode => EmitBinaryExpression(writer, binaryExpressionNode),
+            BoolLiteralNode boolLiteralNode => EmitBoolLiteral(writer, boolLiteralNode),
+            CastNode castNode => EmitCast(writer, castNode),
+            ConstArrayInitializerNode constArrayInitializerNode => EmitConstArrayInitializer(writer, constArrayInitializerNode),
+            CStringLiteralNode cStringLiteralNode => EmitCStringLiteral(writer, cStringLiteralNode),
+            Float32LiteralNode float32LiteralNode => EmitFloat32Literal(writer, float32LiteralNode),
+            Float64LiteralNode float64LiteralNode => EmitFloat64Literal(writer, float64LiteralNode),
+            FuncCallNode funcCallNode => EmitFuncCall(writer, funcCallNode),
+            FuncIdentifierNode funcIdentifierNode => EmitFuncIdentifier(writer, funcIdentifierNode),
+            I16LiteralNode i16LiteralNode => EmitI16Literal(writer, i16LiteralNode),
+            I32LiteralNode i32LiteralNode => EmitI32Literal(writer, i32LiteralNode),
+            I64LiteralNode i64LiteralNode => EmitI64Literal(writer, i64LiteralNode),
+            I8LiteralNode i8LiteralNode => EmitI8Literal(writer, i8LiteralNode),
+            SizeNode sizeNode => EmitSize(writer, sizeNode),
+            StringLiteralNode stringLiteralNode => EmitStringLiteral(writer, stringLiteralNode),
+            StructInitializerNode structInitializerNode => EmitStructInitializer(writer, structInitializerNode),
+            U16LiteralNode u16LiteralNode => EmitU16Literal(writer, u16LiteralNode),
+            U32LiteralNode u32LiteralNode => EmitU32Literal(writer, u32LiteralNode),
+            U64LiteralNode u64LiteralNode => EmitU64Literal(writer, u64LiteralNode),
+            U8LiteralNode u8LiteralNode => EmitU8Literal(writer, u8LiteralNode),
+            UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpressionNode => EmitUnaryExpression(writer, unaryExpressionNode),
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(rValue), rValue, null)
+        };
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitLValue(IndentedTextWriter writer, LValue lValue)
+    {
+        return lValue switch
+        {
+            ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccessNode => EmitArrayIndexAccess(writer, arrayIndexAccessNode),
+            ConstArrayIndexAccessNode constArrayIndexAccessNode => EmitConstArrayIndexAccess(writer, constArrayIndexAccessNode),
+            DereferenceNode dereferenceNode => EmitDereference(writer, dereferenceNode),
+            SliceIndexAccessNode sliceIndexAccessNode => EmitSliceIndexAccess(writer, sliceIndexAccessNode),
+            StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccessNode => EmitStructFieldAccess(writer, structFieldAccessNode),
+            VariableIdentifierNode variableIdentifierNode => EmitVariableIdentifier(writer, variableIdentifierNode),
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(lValue), lValue, null)
+        };
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitAddressOf(IndentedTextWriter writer, AddressOfNode addressOfNode)
+    {
+        var target = EmitExpression(writer, addressOfNode.Target);
+        return new Tmp(target.Ident, addressOfNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitArrayIndexAccess(IndentedTextWriter writer, ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccessNode)
+    {
+        var arrayPtr = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, arrayIndexAccessNode.Target));
+        var index = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, arrayIndexAccessNode.Index));
+
+        var elementType = ((NubArrayType)arrayIndexAccessNode.Target.Type).ElementType;
+        var ptrTmp = NewTmp("array.element");
+        writer.WriteLine($"{ptrTmp} = getelementptr {MapType(elementType)}, ptr {arrayPtr}, {MapType(arrayIndexAccessNode.Index.Type)} {index}");
+
+        return new Tmp(ptrTmp, arrayIndexAccessNode.Type, true);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitBinaryExpression(IndentedTextWriter writer, BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpressionNode)
+    {
+        var left = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, binaryExpressionNode.Left));
+        var right = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, binaryExpressionNode.Right));
+        var result = NewTmp("binop");
+
+        var leftType = binaryExpressionNode.Left.Type;
+        var op = binaryExpressionNode.Operator;
+
+        switch (op)
+        {
+            case BinaryOperator.Equal:
+            case BinaryOperator.NotEqual:
+            case BinaryOperator.GreaterThan:
+            case BinaryOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
+            case BinaryOperator.LessThan:
+            case BinaryOperator.LessThanOrEqual:
+            {
+                var cmpOp = leftType switch
+                {
+                    NubIntType intType => GenerateIntComparison(op, intType.Signed),
+                    NubFloatType => GenerateFloatComparison(op),
+                    NubBoolType => GenerateBoolComparison(op),
+                    NubPointerType => GeneratePointerComparison(op),
+                    _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected type for comparison: {leftType}")
+                };
+
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = {cmpOp} {MapType(leftType)} {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryOperator.LogicalAnd:
+            {
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = and i1 {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryOperator.LogicalOr:
+            {
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = or i1 {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryOperator.Plus:
+            {
+                var instruction = leftType switch
+                {
+                    NubIntType => "add",
+                    NubFloatType => "fadd",
+                    _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected type for plus: {leftType}")
+                };
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = {instruction} {MapType(leftType)} {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryOperator.Minus:
+            {
+                var instruction = leftType switch
+                {
+                    NubIntType => "sub",
+                    NubFloatType => "fsub",
+                    _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected type for minus: {leftType}")
+                };
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = {instruction} {MapType(leftType)} {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryOperator.Multiply:
+            {
+                var instruction = leftType switch
+                {
+                    NubIntType => "mul",
+                    NubFloatType => "fmul",
+                    _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected type for multiply: {leftType}")
+                };
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = {instruction} {MapType(leftType)} {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryOperator.Divide:
+            {
+                var instruction = leftType switch
+                {
+                    NubIntType intType => intType.Signed ? "sdiv" : "udiv",
+                    NubFloatType => "fdiv",
+                    _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected type for divide: {leftType}")
+                };
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = {instruction} {MapType(leftType)} {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryOperator.Modulo:
+            {
+                var instruction = leftType switch
+                {
+                    NubIntType intType => intType.Signed ? "srem" : "urem",
+                    NubFloatType => "frem",
+                    _ => throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected type for modulo: {leftType}")
+                };
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = {instruction} {MapType(leftType)} {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryOperator.LeftShift:
+            {
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = shl {MapType(leftType)} {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryOperator.RightShift:
+            {
+                var intType = (NubIntType)leftType;
+                var instruction = intType.Signed ? "ashr" : "lshr";
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = {instruction} {MapType(leftType)} {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryOperator.BitwiseAnd:
+            {
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = and {MapType(leftType)} {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryOperator.BitwiseXor:
+            {
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = xor {MapType(leftType)} {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case BinaryOperator.BitwiseOr:
+            {
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = or {MapType(leftType)} {left}, {right}");
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(op), op, null);
+        }
+
+        return new Tmp(result, binaryExpressionNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private string GenerateIntComparison(BinaryOperator op, bool signed)
+    {
+        return op switch
+        {
+            BinaryOperator.Equal => "icmp eq",
+            BinaryOperator.NotEqual => "icmp ne",
+            BinaryOperator.GreaterThan => signed ? "icmp sgt" : "icmp ugt",
+            BinaryOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual => signed ? "icmp sge" : "icmp uge",
+            BinaryOperator.LessThan => signed ? "icmp slt" : "icmp ult",
+            BinaryOperator.LessThanOrEqual => signed ? "icmp sle" : "icmp ule",
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(op), op, null)
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string GenerateFloatComparison(BinaryOperator op)
+    {
+        return op switch
+        {
+            BinaryOperator.Equal => "fcmp oeq",
+            BinaryOperator.NotEqual => "fcmp one",
+            BinaryOperator.GreaterThan => "fcmp ogt",
+            BinaryOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual => "fcmp oge",
+            BinaryOperator.LessThan => "fcmp olt",
+            BinaryOperator.LessThanOrEqual => "fcmp ole",
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(op), op, null)
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string GenerateBoolComparison(BinaryOperator op)
+    {
+        return op switch
+        {
+            BinaryOperator.Equal => "icmp eq",
+            BinaryOperator.NotEqual => "icmp ne",
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(op), op, null)
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string GeneratePointerComparison(BinaryOperator op)
+    {
+        return op switch
+        {
+            BinaryOperator.Equal => "icmp eq",
+            BinaryOperator.NotEqual => "icmp ne",
+            BinaryOperator.GreaterThan => "icmp ugt",
+            BinaryOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual => "icmp uge",
+            BinaryOperator.LessThan => "icmp ult",
+            BinaryOperator.LessThanOrEqual => "icmp ule",
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(op), op, null)
+        };
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitBoolLiteral(IndentedTextWriter writer, BoolLiteralNode boolLiteralNode)
+    {
+        return new Tmp(boolLiteralNode.Value ? "1" : "0", boolLiteralNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitCast(IndentedTextWriter writer, CastNode castNode)
+    {
+        var source = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, castNode.Value));
+        var sourceType = castNode.Value.Type;
+        var targetType = castNode.Type;
+
+        var result = NewTmp("cast");
+
+        switch (sourceType, targetType)
+        {
+            case (NubIntType sourceInt, NubIntType targetInt):
+            {
+                if (sourceInt.Width < targetInt.Width)
+                {
+                    var op = sourceInt.Signed ? "sext" : "zext";
+                    writer.WriteLine($"{result} = {op} {MapType(sourceType)} {source} to {MapType(targetType)}");
+                }
+                else if (sourceInt.Width > targetInt.Width)
+                {
+                    writer.WriteLine($"{result} = trunc {MapType(sourceType)} {source} to {MapType(targetType)}");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    writer.WriteLine($"{result} = bitcast {MapType(sourceType)} {source} to {MapType(targetType)}");
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+            case (NubFloatType sourceFloat, NubFloatType targetFloat):
+            {
+                if (sourceFloat.Width < targetFloat.Width)
+                {
+                    writer.WriteLine($"{result} = fpext {MapType(sourceType)} {source} to {MapType(targetType)}");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    writer.WriteLine($"{result} = fptrunc {MapType(sourceType)} {source} to {MapType(targetType)}");
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+            case (NubIntType intType, NubFloatType):
+            {
+                var intToFloatOp = intType.Signed ? "sitofp" : "uitofp";
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = {intToFloatOp} {MapType(sourceType)} {source} to {MapType(targetType)}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case (NubFloatType, NubIntType targetInt):
+            {
+                var floatToIntOp = targetInt.Signed ? "fptosi" : "fptoui";
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = {floatToIntOp} {MapType(sourceType)} {source} to {MapType(targetType)}");
+                break;
+            }
+            case (NubPointerType, NubPointerType):
+            case (NubPointerType, NubIntType):
+            case (NubIntType, NubPointerType):
+            {
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = inttoptr {MapType(sourceType)} {source} to {MapType(targetType)}");
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException($"Cast from {sourceType} to {targetType} not implemented");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new Tmp(result, castNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+
+    private Tmp EmitConstArrayIndexAccess(IndentedTextWriter writer, ConstArrayIndexAccessNode constArrayIndexAccessNode)
+    {
+        var arrayPtr = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, constArrayIndexAccessNode.Target));
+        var index = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, constArrayIndexAccessNode.Index));
+
+        var elementType = ((NubConstArrayType)constArrayIndexAccessNode.Target.Type).ElementType;
+        var ptrTmp = NewTmp("array.element");
+        writer.WriteLine($"{ptrTmp} = getelementptr {MapType(elementType)}, ptr {arrayPtr}, {MapType(constArrayIndexAccessNode.Index.Type)} {index}");
+
+        return new Tmp(ptrTmp, constArrayIndexAccessNode.Type, true);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitConstArrayInitializer(IndentedTextWriter writer, ConstArrayInitializerNode constArrayInitializerNode, string? destination = null)
+    {
+        var arrayType = (NubConstArrayType)constArrayInitializerNode.Type;
+
+        if (destination == null)
+        {
+            destination = NewTmp("array");
+            writer.WriteLine($"{destination} = alloca {MapType(arrayType)}");
+        }
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < constArrayInitializerNode.Values.Count; i++)
+        {
+            var value = constArrayInitializerNode.Values[i];
+            var indexTmp = NewTmp("array.element");
+            writer.WriteLine($"{indexTmp} = getelementptr {MapType(arrayType)}, ptr {destination}, i32 0, i32 {i}");
+            EmitExpressionInto(writer, value, indexTmp);
+        }
+
+        return new Tmp(destination, constArrayInitializerNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitCStringLiteral(IndentedTextWriter writer, CStringLiteralNode cStringLiteralNode)
+    {
+        var escaped = EscapeStringForLLVM(cStringLiteralNode.Value);
+
+        var stringWithNull = cStringLiteralNode.Value + "\0";
+        var length = stringWithNull.Length;
+
+        var globalName = $"@.str.{_stringLiterals.Count}";
+
+        _stringLiterals.Add((globalName, length, escaped));
+
+        var gepTmp = NewTmp("str.ptr");
+        writer.WriteLine($"{gepTmp} = getelementptr [{length} x i8], ptr {globalName}, i32 0, i32 0");
+
+        return new Tmp(gepTmp, cStringLiteralNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private string EscapeStringForLLVM(string input)
+    {
+        var result = new StringBuilder();
+        foreach (var c in input)
+        {
+            if (c == '\0')
+                result.Append("\\00");
+            else if (c == '\n')
+                result.Append("\\0A");
+            else if (c == '\r')
+                result.Append("\\0D");
+            else if (c == '\t')
+                result.Append("\\09");
+            else if (c == '\\')
+                result.Append("\\\\");
+            else if (c == '"')
+                result.Append("\\22");
+            else if (c < 32 || c > 126)
+                result.Append($"\\{(int)c:X2}");
+            else
+                result.Append(c);
+        }
+
+        return result.ToString();
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitDereference(IndentedTextWriter writer, DereferenceNode dereferenceNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitFloat32Literal(IndentedTextWriter writer, Float32LiteralNode float32LiteralNode)
+    {
+        var literal = ((double)float32LiteralNode.Value).ToString("R", System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+        if (!literal.Contains('.'))
+        {
+            literal += ".0";
+        }
+
+        return new Tmp(literal, float32LiteralNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitFloat64Literal(IndentedTextWriter writer, Float64LiteralNode float64LiteralNode)
+    {
+        var literal = float64LiteralNode.Value.ToString("R", System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+        if (!literal.Contains('.'))
+        {
+            literal += ".0";
+        }
+
+        return new Tmp(literal, float64LiteralNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitFuncCall(IndentedTextWriter writer, FuncCallNode funcCallNode)
+    {
+        var result = NewTmp();
+
+        var parameterStrings = new List<string>();
+
+        foreach (var parameter in funcCallNode.Parameters)
+        {
+            var value = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, parameter));
+            parameterStrings.Add($"{MapType(parameter.Type)} {value}");
+        }
+
+        var functionPtr = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, funcCallNode.Expression));
+
+        if (funcCallNode.Type is NubVoidType)
+        {
+            writer.WriteLine($"call {MapType(funcCallNode.Type)} {functionPtr}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            writer.WriteLine($"{result} = call {MapType(funcCallNode.Type)} {functionPtr}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
+        }
+
+        return new Tmp(result, funcCallNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitFuncIdentifier(IndentedTextWriter writer, FuncIdentifierNode funcIdentifierNode)
+    {
+        var name = FuncName(funcIdentifierNode.ModuleToken.Value, funcIdentifierNode.NameToken.Value, funcIdentifierNode.ExternSymbolToken?.Value);
+        return new Tmp($"@{name}", funcIdentifierNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitI16Literal(IndentedTextWriter writer, I16LiteralNode i16LiteralNode)
+    {
+        return new Tmp(i16LiteralNode.Value.ToString(), i16LiteralNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitI32Literal(IndentedTextWriter writer, I32LiteralNode i32LiteralNode)
+    {
+        return new Tmp(i32LiteralNode.Value.ToString(), i32LiteralNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitI64Literal(IndentedTextWriter writer, I64LiteralNode i64LiteralNode)
+    {
+        return new Tmp(i64LiteralNode.Value.ToString(), i64LiteralNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitI8Literal(IndentedTextWriter writer, I8LiteralNode i8LiteralNode)
+    {
+        return new Tmp(i8LiteralNode.Value.ToString(), i8LiteralNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitSize(IndentedTextWriter writer, SizeNode sizeNode)
+    {
+        return new Tmp(sizeNode.TargetType.GetSize().ToString(), sizeNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitSliceIndexAccess(IndentedTextWriter writer, SliceIndexAccessNode sliceIndexAccessNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitStringLiteral(IndentedTextWriter writer, StringLiteralNode stringLiteralNode)
+    {
+        throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitStructFieldAccess(IndentedTextWriter writer, StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccessNode)
+    {
+        var target = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, structFieldAccessNode.Target));
+
+        var structType = (NubStructType)structFieldAccessNode.Target.Type;
+        var index = structType.GetFieldIndex(structFieldAccessNode.FieldToken.Value);
+
+        var ptrTmp = NewTmp($"struct.field.{structFieldAccessNode.FieldToken.Value}");
+        writer.WriteLine($"{ptrTmp} = getelementptr %{StructName(structType.Module, structType.Name)}, ptr {target}, i32 0, i32 {index}");
+
+        return new Tmp(ptrTmp, structFieldAccessNode.Type, true);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitStructInitializer(IndentedTextWriter writer, StructInitializerNode structInitializerNode, string? destination = null)
+    {
+        if (destination == null)
+        {
+            destination = NewTmp("struct");
+            writer.WriteLine($"{destination} = alloca {MapType(structInitializerNode.Type)}");
+        }
+
+        var structType = (NubStructType)structInitializerNode.Type;
+
+        writer.WriteLine($"call void @{StructName(structType.Module, structType.Name)}.new(ptr {destination})");
+
+        foreach (var (name, value) in structInitializerNode.Initializers)
+        {
+            var index = structType.GetFieldIndex(name.Value);
+            var fieldTmp = NewTmp($"struct.field.{name}");
+            writer.WriteLine($"{fieldTmp} = getelementptr %{StructName(structType.Module, structType.Name)}, ptr {destination}, i32 0, i32 {index}");
+
+            EmitExpressionInto(writer, value, fieldTmp);
+        }
+
+        return new Tmp(destination, structInitializerNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitU16Literal(IndentedTextWriter writer, U16LiteralNode u16LiteralNode)
+    {
+        return new Tmp(u16LiteralNode.Value.ToString(), u16LiteralNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitU32Literal(IndentedTextWriter writer, U32LiteralNode u32LiteralNode)
+    {
+        return new Tmp(u32LiteralNode.Value.ToString(), u32LiteralNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitU64Literal(IndentedTextWriter writer, U64LiteralNode u64LiteralNode)
+    {
+        return new Tmp(u64LiteralNode.Value.ToString(), u64LiteralNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitU8Literal(IndentedTextWriter writer, U8LiteralNode u8LiteralNode)
+    {
+        return new Tmp(u8LiteralNode.Value.ToString(), u8LiteralNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitUnaryExpression(IndentedTextWriter writer, UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpressionNode)
+    {
+        var operand = Unwrap(writer, EmitExpression(writer, unaryExpressionNode.Operand));
+        var result = NewTmp("unary");
+
+        switch (unaryExpressionNode.Operator)
+        {
+            case UnaryOperator.Negate:
+                switch (unaryExpressionNode.Operand.Type)
+                {
+                    case NubIntType intType:
+                        writer.WriteLine($"{result} = sub {MapType(intType)} 0, {operand}");
+                        break;
+                    case NubFloatType floatType:
+                        writer.WriteLine($"{result} = fneg {MapType(floatType)} {operand}");
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
+                }
+
+                break;
+            case UnaryOperator.Invert:
+                writer.WriteLine($"{result} = xor i1 {operand}, true");
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
+        }
+
+        return new Tmp(result, unaryExpressionNode.Type, false);
+    }
+
+    private Tmp EmitVariableIdentifier(IndentedTextWriter writer, VariableIdentifierNode variableIdentifierNode)
+    {
+        return new Tmp($"%{variableIdentifierNode.NameToken.Value}", variableIdentifierNode.Type, true);
+    }
+
+    private string StructName(StructNode structNode)
+    {
+        return StructName(_module, structNode.NameToken.Value);
+    }
+
+    private string StructName(string module, string name)
+    {
+        return $"struct.{module}.{name}";
+    }
+
+    private string FuncName(FuncPrototypeNode funcNodePrototype)
+    {
+        return FuncName(_module, funcNodePrototype.NameToken.Value, funcNodePrototype.ExternSymbolToken?.Value);
+    }
+
+    private string FuncName(string module, string name, string? externSymbol)
+    {
+        if (externSymbol != null)
+        {
+            return externSymbol;
+        }
+
+        return $"{module}.{name}";
+    }
+
+    private string MapType(NubType type)
+    {
+        return type switch
+        {
+            NubArrayType arrayType => $"{MapType(arrayType.ElementType)}*",
+            NubBoolType => "i1",
+            NubConstArrayType constArrayType => $"[{constArrayType.Size} x {MapType(constArrayType.ElementType)}]",
+            NubFloatType floatType => floatType.Width == 32 ? "float" : "double",
+            NubFuncType funcType => MapFuncType(funcType),
+            NubIntType intType => $"i{intType.Width}",
+            NubPointerType pointerType => $"{MapType(pointerType.BaseType)}*",
+            NubSliceType sliceType => throw new NotImplementedException(),
+            NubStringType stringType => throw new NotImplementedException(),
+            NubStructType structType => $"%{StructName(structType.Module, structType.Name)}",
+            NubVoidType => "void",
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(type))
+        };
+    }
+
+    private string MapFuncType(NubFuncType funcType)
+    {
+        var paramTypes = string.Join(", ", funcType.Parameters.Select(MapType));
+        var returnType = MapType(funcType.ReturnType);
+        return $"{returnType} ({paramTypes})*";
+    }
+
+    private record Tmp(string Ident, NubType Type, bool LValue);
+
+    private string Unwrap(IndentedTextWriter writer, Tmp tmp)
+    {
+        if (tmp.LValue && !tmp.Type.IsAggregate())
+        {
+            var newTmp = NewTmp("deref");
+            writer.WriteLine($"{newTmp} = load {MapType(tmp.Type)}, ptr {tmp.Ident}");
+            return newTmp;
+        }
+
+        return tmp.Ident;
+    }
+
+    private string NewTmp(string name = "t")
+    {
+        return $"%{name}.{++_tmpIndex}";
+    }
+
+    private string NewLabel(string name = "l")
+    {
+        return $"{name}.{++_labelIndex}";
+    }
+}

compiler/NubLang/Syntax/Module.cs

@@ -48,4 +48,13 @@ public sealed class Module
             .Where(x => x.Exported || includePrivate)
             .ToList();
     }
+
+    public List<string> Imports()
+    {
+        return _definitions
+            .OfType<ImportSyntax>()
+            .Select(x => x.NameToken.Value)
+            .Distinct()
+            .ToList();
+    }
 }

compiler/NubLang/Syntax/Parser.cs

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ public sealed class Parser
                 var startIndex = _tokenIndex;
 
                 var exported = TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Export);
+                var packed = TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Packed);
 
                 if (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Extern))
                 {
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ public sealed class Parser
                     Symbol.Module => ParseModule(startIndex),
                     Symbol.Import => ParseImport(startIndex),
                     Symbol.Func => ParseFunc(startIndex, exported, null),
-                    Symbol.Struct => ParseStruct(startIndex, exported),
+                    Symbol.Struct => ParseStruct(startIndex, exported, packed),
                     Symbol.Enum => ParseEnum(startIndex, exported),
                     _ => throw new CompileException(Diagnostic
                         .Error($"Expected 'func', 'struct', 'enum', 'import' or 'module' but found '{keyword.Symbol}'")
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ public sealed class Parser
         return new FuncSyntax(GetTokens(startIndex), prototype, body);
     }
 
-    private StructSyntax ParseStruct(int startIndex, bool exported)
+    private StructSyntax ParseStruct(int startIndex, bool exported, bool packed)
     {
         var name = ExpectIdentifier();
 
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ public sealed class Parser
             fields.Add(new StructFieldSyntax(GetTokens(memberStartIndex), fieldName, fieldType, fieldValue));
         }
 
-        return new StructSyntax(GetTokens(startIndex), name, exported, fields);
+        return new StructSyntax(GetTokens(startIndex), name, exported, packed, fields);
     }
 
     private EnumSyntax ParseEnum(int startIndex, bool exported)
@@ -422,7 +423,7 @@ public sealed class Parser
             case Symbol.Pipe:
                 binaryExpressionOperator = BinaryOperatorSyntax.BitwiseOr;
                 return true;
-            case Symbol.Caret:
+            case Symbol.XOr:
                 binaryExpressionOperator = BinaryOperatorSyntax.BitwiseXor;
                 return true;
             default:
@@ -444,6 +445,7 @@ public sealed class Parser
             IdentifierToken identifier => ParseIdentifier(startIndex, identifier),
             SymbolToken symbolToken => symbolToken.Symbol switch
             {
+                Symbol.Ampersand => new AddressOfSyntax(GetTokens(startIndex), ParsePrimaryExpression()),
                 Symbol.OpenParen => ParseParenthesizedExpression(),
                 Symbol.Minus => new UnaryExpressionSyntax(GetTokens(startIndex), UnaryOperatorSyntax.Negate, ParsePrimaryExpression()),
                 Symbol.Bang => new UnaryExpressionSyntax(GetTokens(startIndex), UnaryOperatorSyntax.Invert, ParsePrimaryExpression()),
@@ -516,12 +518,6 @@ public sealed class Parser
         var startIndex = _tokenIndex;
         while (HasToken)
         {
-            if (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Ampersand))
-            {
-                expr = new AddressOfSyntax(GetTokens(startIndex), expr);
-                continue;
-            }
-
             if (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Caret))
             {
                 expr = new DereferenceSyntax(GetTokens(startIndex), expr);
@@ -650,7 +646,7 @@ public sealed class Parser
         var startIndex = _tokenIndex;
         if (TryExpectIdentifier(out var name))
         {
-            if (name.Value[0] == 'u' && int.TryParse(name.Value[1..], out var size))
+            if (name.Value[0] == 'u' && ulong.TryParse(name.Value[1..], out var size))
             {
                 if (size is not 8 and not 16 and not 32 and not 64)
                 {
@@ -664,7 +660,7 @@ public sealed class Parser
                 return new IntTypeSyntax(GetTokens(startIndex), false, size);
             }
 
-            if (name.Value[0] == 'i' && int.TryParse(name.Value[1..], out size))
+            if (name.Value[0] == 'i' && ulong.TryParse(name.Value[1..], out size))
             {
                 if (size is not 8 and not 16 and not 32 and not 64)
                 {
@@ -678,7 +674,7 @@ public sealed class Parser
                 return new IntTypeSyntax(GetTokens(startIndex), true, size);
             }
 
-            if (name.Value[0] == 'f' && int.TryParse(name.Value[1..], out size))
+            if (name.Value[0] == 'f' && ulong.TryParse(name.Value[1..], out size))
             {
                 if (size is not 32 and not 64)
                 {
@@ -716,12 +712,6 @@ public sealed class Parser
             }
         }
 
-        if (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Ampersand))
-        {
-            var baseType = ParseType();
-            return new RefTypeSyntax(GetTokens(startIndex), baseType);
-        }
-
         if (TryExpectSymbol(Symbol.Caret))
         {
             var baseType = ParseType();

compiler/NubLang/Syntax/Syntax.cs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public record FuncSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, FuncPrototypeSyntax Prototype, Bloc
 
 public record StructFieldSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, IdentifierToken NameToken, TypeSyntax Type, ExpressionSyntax? Value) : SyntaxNode(Tokens);
 
-public record StructSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, IdentifierToken NameToken, bool Exported, List<StructFieldSyntax> Fields) : DefinitionSyntax(Tokens, NameToken, Exported);
+public record StructSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, IdentifierToken NameToken, bool Exported, bool Packed, List<StructFieldSyntax> Fields) : DefinitionSyntax(Tokens, NameToken, Exported);
 
 public record EnumFieldSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, IdentifierToken NameToken, IntLiteralToken? ValueToken) : SyntaxNode(Tokens);
 
@@ -134,9 +134,9 @@ public record PointerTypeSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, TypeSyntax BaseType) : TypeS
 
 public record VoidTypeSyntax(List<Token> Tokens) : TypeSyntax(Tokens);
 
-public record IntTypeSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, bool Signed, int Width) : TypeSyntax(Tokens);
+public record IntTypeSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, bool Signed, ulong Width) : TypeSyntax(Tokens);
 
-public record FloatTypeSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, int Width) : TypeSyntax(Tokens);
+public record FloatTypeSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, ulong Width) : TypeSyntax(Tokens);
 
 public record BoolTypeSyntax(List<Token> Tokens) : TypeSyntax(Tokens);
 
@@ -150,6 +150,4 @@ public record ConstArrayTypeSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, TypeSyntax BaseType, ulon
 
 public record CustomTypeSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, IdentifierToken? ModuleToken, IdentifierToken NameToken) : TypeSyntax(Tokens);
 
-public record RefTypeSyntax(List<Token> Tokens, TypeSyntax BaseType) : TypeSyntax(Tokens);
-
 #endregion

compiler/NubLang/Syntax/Token.cs

@@ -14,14 +14,29 @@ public record IdentifierToken(SourceSpan Span, string Value) : Token(Span)
 
 public record IntLiteralToken(SourceSpan Span, string Value, int Base) : Token(Span)
 {
-    public ulong AsU64 => Convert.ToUInt64(Value, Base);
+    private string GetNumericValue()
-    public long AsI64 => Convert.ToInt64(Value, Base);
+    {
-    public uint AsU32 => Convert.ToUInt32(Value, Base);
+        // Strip base prefixes: 0b, 0o, 0x
-    public int AsI32 => Convert.ToInt32(Value, Base);
+        return Base switch
-    public ushort AsU16 => Convert.ToUInt16(Value, Base);
+        {
-    public short AsI16 => Convert.ToInt16(Value, Base);
+            2 when Value.StartsWith("0b", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
-    public byte AsU8 => Convert.ToByte(Value, Base);
+                => Value.Substring(2),
-    public sbyte AsI8 => Convert.ToSByte(Value, Base);
+            8 when Value.StartsWith("0o", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                => Value.Substring(2),
+            16 when Value.StartsWith("0x", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                => Value.Substring(2),
+            _ => Value
+        };
+    }
+
+    public ulong AsU64 => Convert.ToUInt64(GetNumericValue(), Base);
+    public long AsI64 => Convert.ToInt64(GetNumericValue(), Base);
+    public uint AsU32 => Convert.ToUInt32(GetNumericValue(), Base);
+    public int AsI32 => Convert.ToInt32(GetNumericValue(), Base);
+    public ushort AsU16 => Convert.ToUInt16(GetNumericValue(), Base);
+    public short AsI16 => Convert.ToInt16(GetNumericValue(), Base);
+    public byte AsU8 => Convert.ToByte(GetNumericValue(), Base);
+    public sbyte AsI8 => Convert.ToSByte(GetNumericValue(), Base);
 
     public float AsF32 => Convert.ToSingle(AsI32);
     public double AsF64 => Convert.ToDouble(AsI64);
@@ -85,6 +100,7 @@ public enum Symbol
 
     // Modifier
     Extern,
+    Packed,
     Export,
 
     Colon,
@@ -118,6 +134,7 @@ public enum Symbol
     Pipe,
     And,
     Or,
+    XOr,
     At,
     QuestionMark,
 }

compiler/NubLang/Syntax/Tokenizer.cs

@@ -68,19 +68,17 @@ public sealed class Tokenizer
 
     private Token ParseToken(char current, int lineStart, int columnStart)
     {
-        // Numbers
         if (char.IsDigit(current))
         {
             return ParseNumber(lineStart, columnStart);
         }
 
-        // String literals
         if (current == '"')
         {
             return ParseString(lineStart, columnStart);
         }
 
-        // Try keywords and symbols by length (longest first)
+        // note(nub31): Look for keywords (longest first in case a keyword fits partially in a larger keyword)
         for (var i = 8; i >= 1; i--)
         {
             if (TryMatchSymbol(i, lineStart, columnStart, out var token))
@@ -89,7 +87,6 @@ public sealed class Tokenizer
             }
         }
 
-        // Identifiers
         if (char.IsLetter(current) || current == '_')
         {
             return ParseIdentifier(lineStart, columnStart);
@@ -103,7 +100,7 @@ public sealed class Tokenizer
         var start = _index;
         var current = _content[_index];
 
-        // Hex literal
+        // note(nub31): 0xFFFFFF
         if (current == '0' && _index + 1 < _content.Length && _content[_index + 1] == 'x')
         {
             Next(2);
@@ -128,7 +125,7 @@ public sealed class Tokenizer
                 16);
         }
 
-        // Binary literal
+        // note(nub31): 0b11001100
         if (current == '0' && _index + 1 < _content.Length && _content[_index + 1] == 'b')
         {
             Next(2);
@@ -153,7 +150,7 @@ public sealed class Tokenizer
                 2);
         }
 
-        // Decimal or float
+        // note(nub31): 23/23.5
         var isFloat = false;
         while (_index < _content.Length)
         {
@@ -191,7 +188,7 @@ public sealed class Tokenizer
 
     private StringLiteralToken ParseString(int lineStart, int columnStart)
     {
-        Next(); // Skip opening quote
+        Next();
         var start = _index;
 
         while (true)
@@ -236,6 +233,20 @@ public sealed class Tokenizer
 
         var span = _content.AsSpan(_index, length);
 
+        if (span is "true")
+        {
+            Next(4);
+            token = new BoolLiteralToken(CreateSpan(lineStart, columnStart), true);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (span is "false")
+        {
+            Next(5);
+            token = new BoolLiteralToken(CreateSpan(lineStart, columnStart), false);
+            return true;
+        }
+
         var symbol = length switch
         {
             8 => span switch
@@ -248,6 +259,7 @@ public sealed class Tokenizer
                 "return" => Symbol.Return,
                 "struct" => Symbol.Struct,
                 "extern" => Symbol.Extern,
+                "packed" => Symbol.Packed,
                 "module" => Symbol.Module,
                 "export" => Symbol.Export,
                 "import" => Symbol.Import,
@@ -286,6 +298,7 @@ public sealed class Tokenizer
                 "&&" => Symbol.And,
                 "||" => Symbol.Or,
                 "::" => Symbol.DoubleColon,
+                "x|" => Symbol.XOr,
                 _ => Symbol.None
             },
             1 => span[0] switch
@@ -360,9 +373,7 @@ public sealed class Tokenizer
             }
         }
 
-        return new IdentifierToken(
+        return new IdentifierToken(CreateSpan(lineStart, columnStart), _content.Substring(start, _index - start));
-            CreateSpan(lineStart, columnStart),
-            _content.Substring(start, _index - start));
     }
 
     private SourceSpan CreateSpan(int lineStart, int columnStart)

compiler/NubLang/Syntax/TypedModule.cs

@@ -33,18 +33,20 @@ public sealed class TypedModule
                 fields.Add(new NubStructFieldType(field.NameToken.Value, typeResolver.ResolveType(field.Type, name), field.Value != null));
             }
 
-            structTypes.Add(new NubStructType(name, structSyntax.NameToken.Value, fields));
+            structTypes.Add(new NubStructType(name, structSyntax.NameToken.Value, structSyntax.Packed, fields));
         }
 
-        return new TypedModule(functionPrototypes, structTypes);
+        return new TypedModule(functionPrototypes, structTypes, module.Imports());
     }
 
-    public TypedModule(List<FuncPrototypeNode> functionPrototypes, List<NubStructType> structTypes)
+    public TypedModule(List<FuncPrototypeNode> functionPrototypes, List<NubStructType> structTypes, List<string> imports)
     {
         FunctionPrototypes = functionPrototypes;
         StructTypes = structTypes;
+        Imports = imports;
     }
 
-    public List<FuncPrototypeNode> FunctionPrototypes { get; set; }
+    public List<FuncPrototypeNode> FunctionPrototypes { get; }
-    public List<NubStructType> StructTypes { get; set; }
+    public List<NubStructType> StructTypes { get; }
+    public List<string> Imports { get; }
 }

examples/playgroud/build.sh

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
-obj=$(nubc main.nub)
+nubc main.nub
-clang $obj ../../runtime/.build/runtime.o -o .build/out
+clang .build/main.ll -o .build/out

examples/playgroud/main.nub

@@ -2,44 +2,6 @@ module main
 
 extern "puts" func puts(text: ^i8)
 
-struct Name
+extern "main" func main(argc: i64, argv: [?]^i8)
 {
-    first: ^i8
-    last: ^i8
-}
-
-struct Human
-{
-    age: u64
-    name: &Name
-}
-
-extern "main" func main(argc: i64, argv: [?]^i8): i64
-{
-    let x: &Human = {
-        age = 23
-        name = {
-            first = "oliver"
-            last = "stene"
-        }
-    }
-
-    let z: Human = {
-        age = 23
-        name = {
-            first = "oliver"
-            last = "stene"
-        }
-    }
-
-    test(x)
-
-    let y = x
-
-    return 0
-}
-
-func test(x: &Human): &Human
-{
-    return x
 }

runtime/ref.c

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ void *rc_alloc(size_t size, void (*destructor)(void *self))
 {
     printf("rc_alloc %zu bytes\n", size);
     ref_header *header = malloc(sizeof(ref_header) + size);
+    memset(header, 0, size);
     if (!header)
     {
         exit(69);
@@ -20,6 +21,9 @@ void *rc_alloc(size_t size, void (*destructor)(void *self))
 
 void rc_retain(void *obj)
 {
+    if (!obj)
+        return;
+
     printf("rc_retain\n");
     ref_header *header = ((ref_header *)obj) - 1;
     header->ref_count++;
@@ -27,6 +31,9 @@ void rc_retain(void *obj)
 
 void rc_release(void *obj)
 {
+    if (!obj)
+        return;
+
     ref_header *header = ((ref_header *)obj) - 1;
     printf("rc_release\n");
     if (--header->ref_count == 0)