nub-lang/compiler/Compiler/Generator.cs

using System.Text;

namespace Compiler;

public sealed class Generator(List<NodeDefinition> nodes)
{
    public static string Emit(List<NodeDefinition> nodes)
    {
        return new Generator(nodes).Emit();
    }

    private IndentedTextWriter writer = new();

    private string Emit()
    {
        writer.WriteLine("""
                         struct string {
                            const char *data;
                            int length;
                         };

                         """);

        foreach (var node in nodes.OfType<NodeDefinitionFunc>())
        {
            var parameters = node.Parameters.Select(x => CType(x.Type, x.Name.Ident));
            writer.WriteLine($"{CType(node.ReturnType, node.Name.Ident)}({string.Join(", ", parameters)});");
        }

        writer.WriteLine();

        foreach (var node in nodes.OfType<NodeDefinitionFunc>())
        {
            var parameters = node.Parameters.Select(x => CType(x.Type, x.Name.Ident));
            writer.WriteLine($"{CType(node.ReturnType, node.Name.Ident)}({string.Join(", ", parameters)})");
            writer.WriteLine("{");
            using (writer.Indent())
            {
                EmitStatement(node.Body);
            }

            writer.WriteLine("}");
            writer.WriteLine();
        }

        return writer.ToString();
    }

    private void EmitStatement(NodeStatement node)
    {
        switch (node)
        {
            case NodeStatementBlock statement:
                EmitStatementBlock(statement);
                break;
            case NodeStatementFuncCall statement:
                EmitStatementFuncCall(statement);
                break;
            case NodeStatementReturn statement:
                EmitStatementReturn(statement);
                break;
        }
    }

    private void EmitStatementBlock(NodeStatementBlock node)
    {
        writer.WriteLine("{");
        using (writer.Indent())
        {
            foreach (var statement in node.Statements)
                EmitStatement(statement);
        }

        writer.WriteLine("}");
    }

    private void EmitStatementFuncCall(NodeStatementFuncCall node)
    {
        var name = EmitExpression(node.Func);
        var parameterValues = node.Parameters.Select(EmitExpression).ToList();
        writer.WriteLine($"{name}({string.Join(", ", parameterValues)});");
    }

    private void EmitStatementReturn(NodeStatementReturn statement)
    {
        var value = EmitExpression(statement.Value);
        writer.WriteLine($"return {value};");
    }

    private string EmitExpression(NodeExpression node)
    {
        return node switch
        {
            NodeExpressionBoolLiteral expression => EmitExpressionBoolLiteral(expression),
            NodeExpressionIntLiteral expression => EmitExpressionIntLiteral(expression),
            NodeExpressionStringLiteral expression => EmitExpressionStringLiteral(expression),
            NodeExpressionIdent expression => EmitExpressionIdent(expression),
        };
    }

    private string EmitExpressionBoolLiteral(NodeExpressionBoolLiteral expression)
    {
        return expression.Value.Value ? "1" : "0";
    }

    private string EmitExpressionIntLiteral(NodeExpressionIntLiteral expression)
    {
        return expression.Value.Value.ToString();
    }

    private string EmitExpressionStringLiteral(NodeExpressionStringLiteral expression)
    {
        return $"(struct string){{ \"{expression.Value.Value}\", {expression.Value.Value.Length} }}";
    }

    private string EmitExpressionIdent(NodeExpressionIdent expression)
    {
        return expression.Value.Ident;
    }

    private static string CType(NodeType type, string? variableName = null)
    {
        return type switch
        {
            NodeTypeVoid => "void" + (variableName != null ? $" {variableName}" : ""),
            NodeTypeBool => "bool" + (variableName != null ? $" {variableName}" : ""),
            NodeTypeSInt intType => CTypeSInt(intType, variableName),
            NodeTypeUInt intType => CTypeUInt(intType, variableName),
            NodeTypePointer ptr => CType(ptr.To) + "*" + (variableName != null ? $" {variableName}" : ""),
            NodeTypeString => "struct string" + (variableName != null ? $" {variableName}" : ""),
            NodeTypeFunc fn => CTypeFunc(fn, variableName),
        };
    }

    private static string CTypeSInt(NodeTypeSInt intType, string? varName)
    {
        var cType = intType.Width switch
        {
            8 => "char",
            16 => "short",
            32 => "int",
            64 => "long long",
        };

        return cType + (varName != null ? $" {varName}" : "");
    }

    private static string CTypeUInt(NodeTypeUInt intType, string? varName)
    {
        var cType = intType.Width switch
        {
            8 => "unsigned char",
            16 => "unsigned short",
            32 => "unsigned int",
            64 => "unsigned long long",
        };

        return cType + (varName != null ? $" {varName}" : "");
    }

    private static string CTypeFunc(NodeTypeFunc fn, string? varName)
    {
        var returnType = CType(fn.ReturnType);
        var parameters = string.Join(", ", fn.Parameters.Select(p => CType(p)));

        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(parameters))
        {
            parameters = "void";
        }

        if (varName != null)
        {
            return $"{returnType} (*{varName})({parameters})";
        }

        return $"{returnType} (*)({parameters})";
    }
}

internal class IndentedTextWriter
{
    private readonly StringBuilder _builder = new();
    private int _indentLevel;

    public IDisposable Indent()
    {
        _indentLevel++;
        return new IndentScope(this);
    }

    public void WriteLine(string text)
    {
        WriteIndent();
        _builder.AppendLine(text);
    }

    public void Write(string text)
    {
        WriteIndent();
        _builder.Append(text);
    }

    public void WriteLine()
    {
        _builder.AppendLine();
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return _builder.ToString();
    }

    private void WriteIndent()
    {
        if (_builder.Length > 0)
        {
            var lastChar = _builder[^1];
            if (lastChar != '\n' && lastChar != '\r')
                return;
        }

        for (var i = 0; i < _indentLevel; i++)
        {
            _builder.Append("    ");
        }
    }

    private class IndentScope : IDisposable
    {
        private readonly IndentedTextWriter _writer;
        private bool _disposed;

        public IndentScope(IndentedTextWriter writer)
        {
            _writer = writer;
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            if (_disposed) return;
            _writer._indentLevel--;
            _disposed = true;
        }
    }
}