Files
nub-lang/src/Generation/QBE/QBEGenerator.cs
nub31 33b101681d ...
2025-06-22 18:18:42 +02:00

1359 lines
50 KiB
C#

using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Text;
using Syntax;
using Syntax.Parsing;
using Syntax.Parsing.Definitions;
using Syntax.Parsing.Expressions;
using Syntax.Parsing.Statements;
using Syntax.Tokenization;
using Syntax.Typing;
namespace Generation.QBE;
public static class QBEGenerator
{
private static CompilationUnit _compilationUnit = null!;
private static DefinitionTable _definitionTable = null!;
private static StringBuilder _builder = new();
private static List<CStringLiteral> _cStringLiterals = [];
private static Stack<string> _breakLabels = [];
private static Stack<string> _continueLabels = [];
private static Queue<(AnonymousFuncNode Func, string Name)> _anonymousFunctions = [];
private static Stack<Variable> _variables = [];
private static Stack<int> _variableScopes = [];
private static int _variableIndex;
private static int _labelIndex;
private static int _anonymousFuncIndex;
private static int _cStringLiteralIndex;
private static bool _codeIsReachable = true;
public static string Emit(CompilationUnit compilationUnit, DefinitionTable definitionTable)
{
_compilationUnit = compilationUnit;
_definitionTable = definitionTable;
_builder = new StringBuilder();
_cStringLiterals = [];
_breakLabels = [];
_continueLabels = [];
_anonymousFunctions = [];
_variables = [];
_variableScopes = [];
_variableIndex = 0;
_labelIndex = 0;
_anonymousFuncIndex = 0;
_cStringLiteralIndex = 0;
_codeIsReachable = true;
foreach (var structDef in _definitionTable.GetStructs())
{
EmitStructDefinition(structDef);
_builder.AppendLine();
}
foreach (var funcDef in _compilationUnit.Definitions.OfType<LocalFuncDefinitionNode>())
{
EmitFuncDefinition(FuncName(funcDef), funcDef.Parameters, funcDef.ReturnType, funcDef.Body, funcDef.Exported);
_builder.AppendLine();
}
while (_anonymousFunctions.TryDequeue(out var anon))
{
EmitFuncDefinition(anon.Name, anon.Func.Parameters, anon.Func.ReturnType, anon.Func.Body, false);
_builder.AppendLine();
}
foreach (var cStringLiteral in _cStringLiterals)
{
_builder.AppendLine($"data {cStringLiteral.Name} = {{ b \"{cStringLiteral.Value}\", b 0 }}");
}
return _builder.ToString();
}
private static string VarName()
{
return $"%v{++_variableIndex}";
}
private static string LabelName()
{
return $"@l{++_labelIndex}";
}
private static string CStringName()
{
return $"$cstring{++_cStringLiteralIndex}";
}
private static string FuncName(IFuncSignature funcDef)
{
return funcDef switch
{
ExternFuncDefinitionNode externFuncDefinition => $"${externFuncDefinition.CallName}",
LocalFuncDefinitionNode localFuncDefinition => localFuncDefinition.Exported
? $"${localFuncDefinition.Name}"
: $"${localFuncDefinition.Namespace}_{localFuncDefinition.Name}",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(funcDef))
};
}
private static string StructName(StructDefinitionNode structDef)
{
return $":{structDef.Namespace}_{structDef.Name}";
}
private static string QBEStore(NubType type)
{
return type switch
{
NubArrayType => "storel",
NubPointerType => "storel",
NubPrimitiveType primitiveType => primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 => "storel",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 => "storew",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 => "storeh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 => "storeb",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "storel",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "storew",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "storeh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 => "storeb",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "stored",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "stores",
PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "storew",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubStructType => "storel",
NubFixedArrayType => "storel",
NubFuncType => "storel",
NubCStringType => "storel",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{type}' type cannot be used in store instructions")
};
}
private static string QBELoad(NubType type)
{
return type switch
{
NubArrayType => "loadl",
NubPointerType => "loadl",
NubPrimitiveType primitiveType => primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 => "loadl",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 => "loadw",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 => "loadsh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 => "loadsb",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "loadl",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "loadw",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "loaduh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 => "loadub",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "loadd",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "loads",
PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "loadw",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubStructType => "loadl",
NubFixedArrayType => "loadl",
NubFuncType => "loadl",
NubCStringType => "loadl",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{type}' type cannot be used in load instructions")
};
}
private static string QBEAssign(NubType type)
{
return type switch
{
NubArrayType => "=l",
NubPointerType => "=l",
NubPrimitiveType primitiveType => primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 => "=l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 => "=w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 => "=w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 => "=w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "=l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "=w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "=w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 => "=w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "=d",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "=s",
PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "=w",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubStructType => "=l",
NubFixedArrayType => "=l",
NubFuncType => "=l",
NubCStringType => "=l",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{type}' type cannot be used in variables")
};
}
private static int AlignmentOf(NubType type)
{
switch (type)
{
case NubPrimitiveType primitiveType:
{
return primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => 8,
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => 4,
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => 2,
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 => 1,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
};
}
case NubStructType nubStructType:
{
var definition = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(nubStructType.Namespace, nubStructType.Name).GetValue();
return definition.Fields.Max(f => AlignmentOf(f.Type));
}
case NubPointerType:
case NubArrayType:
case NubCStringType:
case NubFuncType:
{
return 8;
}
case NubFixedArrayType nubFixedArrayType:
{
return AlignmentOf(nubFixedArrayType.ElementType);
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
}
private static int AlignTo(int offset, int alignment)
{
return (offset + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
}
private static int SizeOf(NubType type)
{
switch (type)
{
case NubPrimitiveType primitiveType:
{
return primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => 8,
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => 4,
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => 2,
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 => 1,
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => 8,
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => 4,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
};
}
case NubStructType nubStructType:
{
var definition = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(nubStructType.Namespace, nubStructType.Name).GetValue();
var size = 0;
var maxAlignment = 1;
foreach (var field in definition.Fields)
{
var fieldAlignment = AlignmentOf(field.Type);
maxAlignment = Math.Max(maxAlignment, fieldAlignment);
size = AlignTo(size, fieldAlignment);
size += SizeOf(field.Type);
}
size = AlignTo(size, maxAlignment);
return size;
}
case NubPointerType:
case NubArrayType:
case NubCStringType:
case NubFuncType:
{
return 8;
}
case NubFixedArrayType nubFixedArrayType:
{
return SizeOf(nubFixedArrayType.ElementType) * nubFixedArrayType.Capacity + 8;
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
}
private static int OffsetOf(StructDefinitionNode structDefinition, string member)
{
var offset = 0;
foreach (var field in structDefinition.Fields)
{
if (field.Name == member)
{
return offset;
}
var fieldAlignment = AlignmentOf(field.Type);
offset = AlignTo(offset, fieldAlignment);
offset += SizeOf(field.Type);
}
throw new UnreachableException($"Member '{member}' not found in struct");
}
private static bool IsPointerType(NubType type)
{
if (type.IsVoid)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException($"{nameof(IsPointerType)} should not be called on void types");
}
return type is NubStructType or NubFixedArrayType;
}
private static void EmitFuncDefinition(string name, List<FuncParameter> parameters, NubType returnType, BlockNode body, bool exported)
{
_variables.Clear();
_variableScopes.Clear();
if (exported)
{
_builder.Append("export ");
}
_builder.Append("function ");
if (returnType is not NubVoidType)
{
_builder.Append(returnType switch
{
NubArrayType => "l",
NubPointerType => "l",
NubPrimitiveType primitiveType => primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 => "l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 => "w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 => "sh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 => "sb",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "uh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 => "ub",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "d",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "s",
PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "w",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubStructType structType => StructName(_definitionTable.LookupStruct(structType.Namespace, structType.Name).GetValue()),
NubFixedArrayType => "l",
NubFuncType => "l",
NubCStringType => "l",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{returnType}' type cannot be used as a function return type")
});
_builder.Append(' ');
}
_builder.Append(name);
var parameterStrings = parameters.Select(parameter =>
{
var qbeType = parameter.Type switch
{
NubArrayType => "l",
NubPointerType => "l",
NubPrimitiveType primitiveType => primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 => "l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 => "w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 => "sh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 => "sb",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "uh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 => "ub",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "d",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "s",
PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "w",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubStructType structType => StructName(_definitionTable.LookupStruct(structType.Namespace, structType.Name).GetValue()),
NubFixedArrayType => "l",
NubFuncType => "l",
NubCStringType => "l",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{parameter.Type}' type cannot be used as a function parameter type")
};
return $"{qbeType} %{parameter.Name}";
});
_builder.AppendLine($"({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)}) {{");
_builder.AppendLine("@start");
List<Variable> parameterVars = [];
foreach (var parameter in parameters)
{
var parameterName = "%" + parameter.Name;
if (parameter.Type is NubPrimitiveType primitiveType)
{
switch (primitiveType.Kind)
{
case PrimitiveTypeKind.I16:
parameterName = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {parameterName} =w extsh %{parameter.Name}");
break;
case PrimitiveTypeKind.I8:
parameterName = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {parameterName} =w extsb %{parameter.Name}");
break;
case PrimitiveTypeKind.U16:
parameterName = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {parameterName} =w extuh %{parameter.Name}");
break;
case PrimitiveTypeKind.U8:
parameterName = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {parameterName} =w extub %{parameter.Name}");
break;
}
}
parameterVars.Add(new Variable(parameter.Name, new Val(parameterName, parameter.Type)));
}
EmitBlock(body, parameterVars);
if (body.Statements.LastOrDefault() is not ReturnNode)
{
if (returnType is NubVoidType)
{
_builder.AppendLine(" ret");
}
}
_builder.AppendLine("}");
}
private static void EmitStructDefinition(StructDefinitionNode structDefinition)
{
_builder.Append($"type {StructName(structDefinition)} = {{ ");
foreach (var structDefinitionField in structDefinition.Fields)
{
var qbeType = structDefinitionField.Type switch
{
NubArrayType => "l",
NubPointerType => "l",
NubPrimitiveType primitiveType => primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 => "l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 => "w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 => "h",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 => "b",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "h",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 => "b",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "d",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "s",
PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "w",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubStructType structType => StructName(_definitionTable.LookupStruct(structType.Namespace, structType.Name).GetValue()),
NubFixedArrayType fixedArrayType => $"b {SizeOf(fixedArrayType)}",
NubFuncType => "l",
NubCStringType => "l",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{structDefinitionField.Type}' type cannot be used in structs")
};
_builder.Append(qbeType + ", ");
}
_builder.AppendLine("}");
}
private static void EmitStatement(StatementNode statement)
{
switch (statement)
{
case ArrayIndexAssignmentNode arrayIndexAssignment:
EmitArrayIndexAssignment(arrayIndexAssignment);
break;
case BreakNode:
EmitBreak();
break;
case ContinueNode:
EmitContinue();
break;
case DereferenceAssignmentNode dereferenceAssignment:
EmitDereferenceAssignment(dereferenceAssignment);
break;
case IfNode ifStatement:
EmitIf(ifStatement);
break;
case MemberAssignmentNode memberAssignment:
EmitMemberAssignment(memberAssignment);
break;
case ReturnNode @return:
EmitReturn(@return);
break;
case StatementExpressionNode statementExpression:
EmitExpression(statementExpression.Expression);
break;
case VariableDeclarationNode variableDeclaration:
EmitVariableDeclaration(variableDeclaration);
break;
case VariableAssignmentNode variableAssignment:
EmitVariableAssignment(variableAssignment);
break;
case WhileNode whileStatement:
EmitWhile(whileStatement);
break;
default:
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(statement));
}
}
private static void EmitArrayIndexAssignment(ArrayIndexAssignmentNode arrayIndexAssignment)
{
var array = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayIndexAssignment.ArrayIndexAccess.Array));
var index = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayIndexAssignment.ArrayIndexAccess.Index));
EmitArrayBoundsCheck(array, index);
var value = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayIndexAssignment.Value));
switch (arrayIndexAssignment.ArrayIndexAccess.Array.Type)
{
case NubArrayType arrayType:
{
var pointer = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {pointer} =l mul {index}, {SizeOf(arrayType.ElementType)}");
_builder.AppendLine($" {pointer} =l add {pointer}, 8");
_builder.AppendLine($" {pointer} =l add {array}, {pointer}");
EmitCopy(arrayType.ElementType, value, pointer);
break;
}
case NubFixedArrayType fixedArrayType:
{
var pointer = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {pointer} =l mul {index}, {SizeOf(fixedArrayType.ElementType)}");
_builder.AppendLine($" {pointer} =l add {pointer}, 8");
_builder.AppendLine($" {pointer} =l add {array}, {pointer}");
EmitCopy(fixedArrayType.ElementType, value, pointer);
break;
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
}
private static void EmitBlock(BlockNode block, List<Variable>? variables = null)
{
_variableScopes.Push(_variables.Count);
if (variables != null)
{
foreach (var variable in variables)
{
_variables.Push(variable);
}
}
foreach (var statement in block.Statements.Where(_ => _codeIsReachable))
{
EmitStatement(statement);
}
var count = _variableScopes.Pop();
while (_variableScopes.Count > count)
{
_variableScopes.Pop();
}
_codeIsReachable = true;
}
private static void EmitBreak()
{
_builder.AppendLine($" jmp {_breakLabels.Peek()}");
_codeIsReachable = false;
}
private static void EmitContinue()
{
_builder.AppendLine($" jmp {_continueLabels.Peek()}");
_codeIsReachable = false;
}
private static void EmitDereferenceAssignment(DereferenceAssignmentNode dereferenceAssignment)
{
var pointer = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(dereferenceAssignment.Dereference.Expression));
var value = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(dereferenceAssignment.Value));
EmitCopy(dereferenceAssignment.Value.Type, value, pointer);
}
private static void EmitIf(IfNode ifStatement)
{
var trueLabel = LabelName();
var falseLabel = LabelName();
var endLabel = LabelName();
var result = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(ifStatement.Condition));
_builder.AppendLine($" jnz {result}, {trueLabel}, {falseLabel}");
_builder.AppendLine(trueLabel);
EmitBlock(ifStatement.Body);
_builder.AppendLine($" jmp {endLabel}");
_builder.AppendLine(falseLabel);
if (ifStatement.Else.HasValue)
{
ifStatement.Else.Value.Match
(
elseIfNode => EmitIf(elseIfNode),
elseNode => EmitBlock(elseNode)
);
}
_builder.AppendLine(endLabel);
}
private static void EmitMemberAssignment(MemberAssignmentNode memberAssignment)
{
var structType = memberAssignment.MemberAccess.Expression.Type as NubStructType;
Debug.Assert(structType != null);
var structDefinition = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(structType.Namespace, structType.Name).GetValue();
var offset = OffsetOf(structDefinition, memberAssignment.MemberAccess.Member);
var item = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(memberAssignment.MemberAccess.Expression));
var pointer = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {pointer} =l add {item}, {offset}");
var value = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(memberAssignment.Value));
EmitCopy(memberAssignment.Value.Type, value, pointer);
}
private static void EmitReturn(ReturnNode @return)
{
if (@return.Value.HasValue)
{
var result = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(@return.Value.Value));
_builder.AppendLine($" ret {result}");
}
else
{
_builder.AppendLine(" ret");
}
}
private static void EmitVariableDeclaration(VariableDeclarationNode variableDeclaration)
{
var tmp = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {tmp} =l alloc8 {SizeOf(variableDeclaration.Type)}");
_variables.Push(new Variable(variableDeclaration.Name, new Val(tmp, variableDeclaration.Type)));
}
private static void EmitVariableAssignment(VariableAssignmentNode variableAssignment)
{
var value = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(variableAssignment.Value));
var variable = _variables.Single(x => x.Name == variableAssignment.Identifier.Name);
EmitCopy(variableAssignment.Value.Type, value, variable.Val.Name);
}
private static void EmitWhile(WhileNode whileStatement)
{
var conditionLabel = LabelName();
var iterationLabel = LabelName();
var endLabel = LabelName();
_breakLabels.Push(endLabel);
_continueLabels.Push(conditionLabel);
_builder.AppendLine($" jmp {conditionLabel}");
_builder.AppendLine(iterationLabel);
EmitBlock(whileStatement.Body);
_builder.AppendLine(conditionLabel);
var result = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(whileStatement.Condition));
_builder.AppendLine($" jnz {result}, {iterationLabel}, {endLabel}");
_builder.AppendLine(endLabel);
_continueLabels.Pop();
_breakLabels.Pop();
}
private static Val EmitExpression(ExpressionNode expression)
{
return expression switch
{
AddressOfNode addressOf => EmitAddressOf(addressOf),
AnonymousFuncNode anonymousFunc => EmitAnonymousFunc(anonymousFunc),
ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndex => EmitArrayIndexAccess(arrayIndex),
ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializer => EmitArrayInitializer(arrayInitializer),
BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression => EmitBinaryExpression(binaryExpression),
DereferenceNode dereference => EmitDereference(dereference),
FixedArrayInitializerNode fixedArrayInitializer => EmitFixedArrayInitializer(fixedArrayInitializer),
FuncCallNode funcCallExpression => EmitFuncCall(funcCallExpression),
IdentifierNode identifier => EmitIdentifier(identifier),
LiteralNode literal => EmitLiteral(literal),
StructInitializerNode structInitializer => EmitStructInitializer(structInitializer),
UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpression => EmitUnaryExpression(unaryExpression),
MemberAccessNode memberAccess => EmitMemberAccess(memberAccess),
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(expression))
};
}
private static Val EmitAnonymousFunc(AnonymousFuncNode anonymousFunc)
{
var name = $"$anon_func{++_anonymousFuncIndex}";
_anonymousFunctions.Enqueue((anonymousFunc, name));
return new Val(name, anonymousFunc.Type, ValKind.Func);
}
private static string EmitArrayIndexPointer(ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccess)
{
var array = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccess.Array));
var index = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccess.Index));
EmitArrayBoundsCheck(array, index);
var elementType = arrayIndexAccess.Array.Type switch
{
NubArrayType arrayType => arrayType.ElementType,
NubFixedArrayType fixedArrayType => fixedArrayType.ElementType,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
};
var pointer = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {pointer} =l mul {index}, {SizeOf(elementType)}");
_builder.AppendLine($" {pointer} =l add {pointer}, 8");
_builder.AppendLine($" {pointer} =l add {array}, {pointer}");
return pointer;
}
private static Val EmitArrayIndexAccess(ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccess)
{
var pointer = EmitArrayIndexPointer(arrayIndexAccess);
var outputName = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} {QBEAssign(arrayIndexAccess.Type)} {QBELoad(arrayIndexAccess.Type)} {pointer}");
return new Val(outputName, arrayIndexAccess.Type);
}
private static void EmitArrayBoundsCheck(string array, string index)
{
var count = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {count} =l loadl {array}");
var isNegative = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {isNegative} =w csltl {index}, 0");
var isOob = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {isOob} =w csgel {index}, {count}");
var anyOob = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {anyOob} =w or {isNegative}, {isOob}");
var oobLabel = LabelName();
var notOobLabel = LabelName();
_builder.AppendLine($" jnz {anyOob}, {oobLabel}, {notOobLabel}");
_builder.AppendLine(oobLabel);
_builder.AppendLine($" call $nub_panic_array_oob()");
_builder.AppendLine(notOobLabel);
}
private static Val EmitArrayInitializer(ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializer)
{
var capacity = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayInitializer.Capacity));
var elementSize = SizeOf(arrayInitializer.ElementType);
var capacityInBytes = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {capacityInBytes} =l mul {capacity}, {elementSize}");
var totalSize = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {totalSize} =l add {capacityInBytes}, 8");
var arrayPointer = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {arrayPointer} =l alloc8 {totalSize}");
_builder.AppendLine($" storel {capacity}, {arrayPointer}");
var dataPointer = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {dataPointer} =l add {arrayPointer}, 8");
_builder.AppendLine($" call $nub_memset(l {dataPointer}, w 0, l {capacityInBytes})");
return new Val(arrayPointer, arrayInitializer.Type);
}
private static Val EmitDereference(DereferenceNode dereference)
{
var result = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(dereference.Expression));
var outputName = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} {QBEAssign(dereference.Type)} {QBELoad(dereference.Type)} {result}");
return new Val(outputName, dereference.Type);
}
private static Val EmitAddressOf(AddressOfNode addressOf)
{
switch (addressOf.Expression)
{
case ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccess:
var pointer = EmitArrayIndexPointer(arrayIndexAccess);
return new Val(pointer, addressOf.Type);
case DereferenceNode dereference:
return EmitExpression(dereference.Expression);
case IdentifierNode identifier:
if (identifier.Namespace.HasValue)
{
throw new NotSupportedException("There is nothing to address in another namespace");
}
return _variables.Single(x => x.Name == identifier.Name).Val;
case MemberAccessNode memberAccess:
var ptr = EmitMemberAccessPointer(memberAccess);
return new Val(ptr, addressOf.Type);
default:
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
private static Val EmitBinaryExpression(BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression)
{
var left = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(binaryExpression.Left));
var right = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(binaryExpression.Right));
var outputName = VarName();
var output = new Val(outputName, binaryExpression.Type);
switch (binaryExpression.Operator)
{
case BinaryExpressionOperator.Equal:
{
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I64))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w ceql {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I32))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w ceqw {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.Bool))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w ceqw {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
break;
}
case BinaryExpressionOperator.NotEqual:
{
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I64))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w cnel {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I32))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w cnew {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.Bool))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w cnew {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
break;
}
case BinaryExpressionOperator.GreaterThan:
{
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I64))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w csgtl {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I32))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w csgtw {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.Bool))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w csgtw {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
break;
}
case BinaryExpressionOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
{
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I64))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w csgel {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I32))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w csgew {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.Bool))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w csgew {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
break;
}
case BinaryExpressionOperator.LessThan:
{
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I64))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w csltl {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I32))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w csltw {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.Bool))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w csltw {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
break;
}
case BinaryExpressionOperator.LessThanOrEqual:
{
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I64))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w cslel {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I32))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w cslew {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.Bool))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w cslew {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
break;
}
case BinaryExpressionOperator.Plus:
{
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I64))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =l add {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I32))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w add {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
break;
}
case BinaryExpressionOperator.Minus:
{
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I64))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =l sub {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I32))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w sub {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
break;
}
case BinaryExpressionOperator.Multiply:
{
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I64))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =l mul {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I32))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w mul {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
break;
}
case BinaryExpressionOperator.Divide:
{
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I64))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =l div {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
if (binaryExpression.Left.Type.Equals(NubPrimitiveType.I32))
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w div {left}, {right}");
return output;
}
break;
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
throw new NotSupportedException($"Binary operator {binaryExpression.Operator} for types {binaryExpression.Left.Type} and {binaryExpression.Right.Type} not supported");
}
private static Val EmitIdentifier(IdentifierNode identifier)
{
if (_definitionTable.LookupFunc(identifier.Namespace.Or(_compilationUnit.Namespace), identifier.Name).TryGetValue(out var func))
{
return new Val(FuncName(func), identifier.Type, ValKind.Func);
}
if (!identifier.Namespace.HasValue)
{
return _variables.Single(v => v.Name == identifier.Name).Val;
}
throw new UnreachableException();
}
private static Val EmitLiteral(LiteralNode literal)
{
if (literal.Type.IsInteger)
{
switch (literal.Kind)
{
case LiteralKind.Integer:
return new Val(literal.Literal, literal.Type, ValKind.Literal);
case LiteralKind.Float:
return new Val(literal.Literal.Split(".").First(), literal.Type, ValKind.Literal);
default:
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
if (literal.Type.IsFloat64)
{
var value = double.Parse(literal.Literal, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value);
return new Val(bits.ToString(), literal.Type, ValKind.Literal);
}
if (literal.Type.IsFloat32)
{
var value = float.Parse(literal.Literal, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(value);
return new Val(bits.ToString(), literal.Type, ValKind.Literal);
}
switch (literal.Kind)
{
case LiteralKind.String:
var cStringLiteral = new CStringLiteral(literal.Literal, CStringName());
_cStringLiterals.Add(cStringLiteral);
return new Val(cStringLiteral.Name, literal.Type, ValKind.Literal);
case LiteralKind.Bool:
return new Val(bool.Parse(literal.Literal) ? "1" : "0", literal.Type, ValKind.Literal);
default:
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
private static Val EmitStructInitializer(StructInitializerNode structInitializer)
{
var structDefinition = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(structInitializer.StructType.Namespace, structInitializer.StructType.Name).GetValue();
var output = VarName();
var size = SizeOf(structInitializer.StructType);
_builder.AppendLine($" {output} =l alloc8 {size}");
foreach (var field in structDefinition.Fields)
{
var offset = OffsetOf(structDefinition, field.Name);
if (structInitializer.Initializers.TryGetValue(field.Name, out var fieldValue))
{
var value = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(fieldValue));
var pointer = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {pointer} =l add {output}, {offset}");
EmitCopy(field.Type, value, pointer);
}
else if (field.Value.HasValue)
{
var value = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(field.Value.Value));
var pointer = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {pointer} =l add {output}, {offset}");
EmitCopy(field.Type, value, pointer);
}
else
{
Debug.Assert(false);
}
}
return new Val(output, structInitializer.StructType);
}
private static Val EmitUnaryExpression(UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpression)
{
var operand = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(unaryExpression.Operand));
var outputName = VarName();
switch (unaryExpression.Operator)
{
case UnaryExpressionOperator.Negate:
{
switch (unaryExpression.Operand.Type)
{
case NubPrimitiveType { Kind: PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 }:
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =l neg {operand}");
return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type);
case NubPrimitiveType { Kind: PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 or PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 }:
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w neg {operand}");
return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type);
case NubPrimitiveType { Kind: PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 }:
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =d neg {operand}");
return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type);
case NubPrimitiveType { Kind: PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 }:
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =s neg {operand}");
return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type);
}
break;
}
case UnaryExpressionOperator.Invert:
{
switch (unaryExpression.Operand.Type)
{
case NubPrimitiveType { Kind: PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool }:
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =w xor {operand}, 1");
return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type);
}
break;
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
throw new NotSupportedException($"Unary operator {unaryExpression.Operator} for type {unaryExpression.Operand.Type} not supported");
}
private static string EmitMemberAccessPointer(MemberAccessNode memberAccess)
{
var item = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(memberAccess.Expression));
switch (memberAccess.Expression.Type)
{
case NubArrayType:
{
if (memberAccess.Member == "count")
{
return item;
}
throw new UnreachableException(nameof(memberAccess.Member));
}
case NubStructType structType:
{
var structDefinition = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(structType.Namespace, structType.Name).GetValue();
var offset = OffsetOf(structDefinition, memberAccess.Member);
var offsetName = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {offsetName} =l add {item}, {offset}");
return offsetName;
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(memberAccess.Expression.Type));
}
}
}
private static Val EmitMemberAccess(MemberAccessNode memberAccess)
{
var pointer = EmitMemberAccessPointer(memberAccess);
var output = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {output} {QBEAssign(memberAccess.Type)} {QBELoad(memberAccess.Type)} {pointer}");
return new Val(output, memberAccess.Type);
}
private static Val EmitFixedArrayInitializer(FixedArrayInitializerNode fixedArrayInitializer)
{
var totalSize = SizeOf(fixedArrayInitializer.Type);
var outputName = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} =l alloc8 {totalSize}");
_builder.AppendLine($" storel {fixedArrayInitializer.Capacity}, {outputName}");
var dataPtr = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {dataPtr} =l add {outputName}, 8");
var dataSize = totalSize - 8;
_builder.AppendLine($" call $nub_memset(l {dataPtr}, w 0, l {dataSize})");
return new Val(outputName, fixedArrayInitializer.Type);
}
private static Val EmitFuncCall(FuncCallNode funcCall)
{
var funcType = (NubFuncType)funcCall.Expression.Type;
var parameterStrings = new List<string>();
for (var i = 0; i < funcCall.Parameters.Count; i++)
{
var parameter = funcCall.Parameters[i];
var result = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(parameter));
var qbeType = parameter.Type switch
{
NubArrayType => "l",
NubPointerType => "l",
NubPrimitiveType pointerType => pointerType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 => "l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 => "w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 => "sh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 => "sb",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "uh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 => "ub",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "d",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "s",
PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "w",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubStructType structType => StructName(_definitionTable.LookupStruct(structType.Namespace, structType.Name).GetValue()),
NubFixedArrayType => "l",
NubFuncType => "l",
NubCStringType => "l",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{parameter.Type}' type cannot be used in function calls")
};
parameterStrings.Add($"{qbeType} {result}");
}
var funcPointer = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(funcCall.Expression));
if (funcType.ReturnType is not NubVoidType)
{
var outputName = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {outputName} {QBEAssign(funcCall.Type)} call {funcPointer}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return new Val(outputName, funcCall.Type);
}
else
{
_builder.AppendLine($" call {funcPointer}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return new Val(string.Empty, funcCall.Type);
}
}
private static void EmitCopy(NubType type, string sourcePtr, string destinationPtr)
{
if (SizeOf(type) > 8)
{
_builder.AppendLine($" blit {sourcePtr}, {destinationPtr}, {SizeOf(type)}");
}
else
{
_builder.AppendLine($" {QBEStore(type)} {sourcePtr}, {destinationPtr}");
}
}
private static string EmitUnwrap(Val val)
{
if (val.Type.IsVoid)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot unwrap temporary of void type");
}
switch (val.Kind)
{
case ValKind.Func:
case ValKind.Literal:
return val.Name;
case ValKind.Variable:
if (IsPointerType(val.Type))
{
return val.Name;
}
else
{
var result = VarName();
_builder.AppendLine($" {result} {QBEAssign(val.Type)} {QBELoad(val.Type)} {val.Name}");
return result;
}
default:
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
}
internal class CStringLiteral(string value, string name)
{
public string Value { get; } = value;
public string Name { get; } = name;
}
internal class Variable(string name, Val val)
{
public string Name { get; } = name;
public Val Val { get; } = val;
}
internal class Val(string name, NubType type, ValKind kind = ValKind.Variable)
{
public string Name { get; } = name;
public NubType Type { get; } = type;
public ValKind Kind { get; } = kind;
public override string ToString()
{
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}
}
internal enum ValKind
{
Func,
Variable,
Literal
}