Files
nub-lang/src/compiler/Generation/QBE/QBEGenerator.cs
2025-07-03 21:49:50 +02:00

1314 lines
47 KiB
C#

using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Text;
using Syntax;
using Syntax.Parsing.Node;
using Syntax.Tokenization;
using Syntax.Typing;
using Syntax.Typing.BoundNode;
namespace Generation.QBE;
public static class QBEGenerator
{
private static BoundSyntaxTree _syntaxTree = null!;
private static BoundDefinitionTable _definitionTable = null!;
private static QBEWriter _writer = new();
private static List<CStringLiteral> _cStringLiterals = [];
private static List<StringLiteral> _stringLiterals = [];
private static Stack<string> _breakLabels = [];
private static Stack<string> _continueLabels = [];
private static Queue<(BoundAnonymousFuncNode Func, string Name)> _anonymousFunctions = [];
private static Stack<Variable> _variables = [];
private static Stack<int> _variableScopes = [];
private static int _variableIndex;
private static int _labelIndex;
private static int _anonymousFuncIndex;
private static int _cStringLiteralIndex;
private static int _stringLiteralIndex;
private static bool _codeIsReachable = true;
public static string Emit(BoundSyntaxTree syntaxTree, BoundDefinitionTable definitionTable, string file)
{
_syntaxTree = syntaxTree;
_definitionTable = definitionTable;
_writer = new QBEWriter();
_cStringLiterals = [];
_stringLiterals = [];
_breakLabels = [];
_continueLabels = [];
_anonymousFunctions = [];
_variables = [];
_variableScopes = [];
_variableIndex = 0;
_labelIndex = 0;
_anonymousFuncIndex = 0;
_cStringLiteralIndex = 0;
_stringLiteralIndex = 0;
_codeIsReachable = true;
_writer.WriteLine($"dbgfile \"{file}\"");
_writer.WriteLine();
foreach (var structDef in _definitionTable.GetStructs())
{
EmitStructDefinition(structDef);
_writer.WriteLine();
}
foreach (var funcDef in _syntaxTree.Definitions.OfType<BoundLocalFuncDefinitionNode>())
{
EmitFuncDefinition(funcDef, FuncName(funcDef), funcDef.Parameters, funcDef.ReturnType, funcDef.Body, funcDef.Exported);
_writer.WriteLine();
}
while (_anonymousFunctions.TryDequeue(out var anon))
{
EmitFuncDefinition(anon.Func, anon.Name, anon.Func.Parameters, anon.Func.ReturnType, anon.Func.Body, false);
_writer.WriteLine();
}
foreach (var cStringLiteral in _cStringLiterals)
{
_writer.WriteLine($"data {cStringLiteral.Name} = {{ b \"{cStringLiteral.Value}\", b 0 }}");
}
foreach (var stringLiteral in _stringLiterals)
{
var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(stringLiteral.Value).Select(b => $"b {b}");
_writer.WriteLine($"data {stringLiteral.Name} = {{ l {stringLiteral.Value.Length}, {string.Join(", ", bytes)} }}");
}
return _writer.ToString();
}
private static string VarName()
{
return $"%v{++_variableIndex}";
}
private static string LabelName()
{
return $"@l{++_labelIndex}";
}
private static string CStringName()
{
return $"$cstring{++_cStringLiteralIndex}";
}
private static string StringName()
{
return $"$string{++_stringLiteralIndex}";
}
private static string FuncName(BoundFuncDefinition funcDef)
{
return funcDef switch
{
BoundExternFuncDefinitionNode externFuncDefinition => $"${externFuncDefinition.CallName}",
BoundLocalFuncDefinitionNode localFuncDefinition => localFuncDefinition.Exported
? $"${localFuncDefinition.Name}"
: $"${localFuncDefinition.Namespace}_{localFuncDefinition.Name}",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(funcDef))
};
}
private static string StructName(BoundStructDefinitionNode structDef)
{
return $":{structDef.Namespace}_{structDef.Name}";
}
private static void EmitStore(NubType type, string value, string destination)
{
var store = type switch
{
NubPrimitiveType primitiveType => primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "storel",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "storew",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "storeh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "storeb",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "stored",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "stores",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubArrayType or NubPointerType or NubStructType or NubFuncType or NubCStringType or NubStringType => "storel",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{type}' type cannot be used in store instructions")
};
_writer.WriteLine($" {store} {value}, {destination}");
}
private static Val EmitLoad(NubType type, string from)
{
var into = VarName();
var load = type switch
{
NubPrimitiveType primitiveType => primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "loadl",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "loadw",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 => "loadsh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 => "loadsb",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "loaduh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "loadub",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "loadd",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "loads",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubArrayType or NubPointerType or NubStructType or NubFuncType or NubCStringType or NubStringType => "loadl",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{type}' type cannot be used in load instructions")
};
_writer.WriteLine($" {into} {QBEAssign(type)} {load} {from}");
return new Val(into, type, ValKind.Direct);
}
private static void EmitMemcpy(string source, string destination, string length)
{
_writer.WriteLine($" call $nub_memcpy(l {source}, l {destination}, l {length})");
}
private static string EmitArraySizeInBytes(NubArrayType type, string array)
{
var size = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {size} =l loadl {array}");
_writer.WriteLine($" {size} =l mul {size}, {SizeOf(type.ElementType)}");
_writer.WriteLine($" {size} =l add {size}, 8");
return size;
}
private static string EmitCStringSizeInBytes(string cstring)
{
var size = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {size} =l call $nub_cstring_length(l {cstring})");
_writer.WriteLine($" {size} =l add {size}, 1");
return size;
}
private static string EmitStringSizeInBytes(string nubstring)
{
var size = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {size} =l loadl {nubstring}");
_writer.WriteLine($" {size} =l add {size}, 8");
return size;
}
private static bool EmitTryMoveInto(BoundExpressionNode source, string destinationPointer)
{
switch (source)
{
case BoundArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializer:
{
EmitStore(source.Type, EmitUnwrap(EmitArrayInitializer(arrayInitializer)), destinationPointer);
return true;
}
case BoundStructInitializerNode structInitializer:
{
EmitStructInitializer(structInitializer, destinationPointer);
return true;
}
case BoundLiteralNode { Kind: LiteralKind.String } literal:
{
EmitStore(source.Type, EmitUnwrap(EmitLiteral(literal)), destinationPointer);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
private static void EmitCopyIntoOrInitialize(BoundExpressionNode source, string destinationPointer)
{
// If the source is a value which is not used yet such as an array/struct initializer or literal, we can skip copying
if (EmitTryMoveInto(source, destinationPointer))
{
return;
}
var value = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(source));
switch (source.Type)
{
case NubComplexType complexType:
{
var size = complexType switch
{
NubArrayType nubArrayType => EmitArraySizeInBytes(nubArrayType, value),
NubCStringType => EmitCStringSizeInBytes(value),
NubStringType => EmitStringSizeInBytes(value),
NubStructType nubStructType => SizeOf(nubStructType).ToString(),
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(complexType))
};
switch (complexType)
{
case NubArrayType:
case NubCStringType:
case NubStringType:
{
var buffer = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {buffer} =l alloc8 {size}");
EmitMemcpy(value, buffer, size);
EmitStore(source.Type, buffer, destinationPointer);
return;
}
case NubStructType:
{
EmitMemcpy(value, destinationPointer, size);
return;
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(complexType));
}
}
}
case NubSimpleType simpleType:
{
EmitStore(simpleType, value, destinationPointer);
return;
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(source.Type));
}
}
}
private static bool EmitTryCreateWithoutCopy(BoundExpressionNode source, [NotNullWhen(true)] out string? destination)
{
switch (source)
{
case BoundArrayInitializerNode:
case BoundStructInitializerNode:
case BoundLiteralNode { Kind: LiteralKind.String }:
{
destination = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(source));
return true;
}
}
destination = null;
return false;
}
private static string EmitCreateCopyOrInitialize(NubType type, BoundExpressionNode source)
{
// If the source is a value which is not used yet such as an array/struct initializer or literal, we can skip copying
if (EmitTryCreateWithoutCopy(source, out var uncopiedValue))
{
return uncopiedValue;
}
var value = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(source));
switch (type)
{
case NubComplexType complexType:
{
var destination = VarName();
var size = complexType switch
{
NubArrayType nubArrayType => EmitArraySizeInBytes(nubArrayType, value),
NubCStringType => EmitCStringSizeInBytes(value),
NubStringType => EmitStringSizeInBytes(value),
NubStructType nubStructType => SizeOf(nubStructType).ToString(),
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(complexType))
};
_writer.WriteLine($" {destination} =l alloc8 {size}");
EmitMemcpy(value, destination, size);
return destination;
}
case NubSimpleType:
{
return value;
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(type));
}
}
}
private static string QBEAssign(NubType type)
{
return type switch
{
NubPrimitiveType primitiveType => primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "=l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "=w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "=w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "=w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "=d",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "=s",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubArrayType or NubPointerType or NubStructType or NubFuncType or NubCStringType or NubStringType => "=l",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{type}' type cannot be used in variables")
};
}
private static int AlignmentOf(NubType type)
{
switch (type)
{
case NubPrimitiveType primitiveType:
{
return primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => 8,
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => 4,
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => 2,
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => 1,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
};
}
case NubStructType nubStructType:
{
var definition = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(nubStructType.Namespace, nubStructType.Name).GetValue();
return definition.Fields.Max(f => AlignmentOf(f.Type));
}
case NubPointerType:
case NubArrayType:
case NubCStringType:
case NubStringType:
case NubFuncType:
return 8;
default:
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
private static int AlignTo(int offset, int alignment)
{
return (offset + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
}
private static int SizeOf(NubType type)
{
switch (type)
{
case NubPrimitiveType primitiveType:
{
return primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => 8,
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => 4,
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => 2,
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => 1,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
};
}
case NubStructType nubStructType:
{
var definition = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(nubStructType.Namespace, nubStructType.Name).GetValue();
var size = 0;
var maxAlignment = 1;
foreach (var field in definition.Fields)
{
var fieldAlignment = AlignmentOf(field.Type);
maxAlignment = Math.Max(maxAlignment, fieldAlignment);
size = AlignTo(size, fieldAlignment);
size += SizeOf(field.Type);
}
size = AlignTo(size, maxAlignment);
return size;
}
case NubPointerType:
case NubArrayType:
case NubCStringType:
case NubStringType:
case NubFuncType:
return 8;
default:
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
private static int OffsetOf(BoundStructDefinitionNode structDefinition, string member)
{
var offset = 0;
foreach (var field in structDefinition.Fields)
{
if (field.Name == member)
{
return offset;
}
var fieldAlignment = AlignmentOf(field.Type);
offset = AlignTo(offset, fieldAlignment);
offset += SizeOf(field.Type);
}
throw new UnreachableException($"Member '{member}' not found in struct");
}
private static void EmitFuncDefinition(BoundNode debugNode, string name, List<BoundFuncParameter> parameters, NubType returnType, BoundBlockNode body, bool exported)
{
_writer.ResetLineTracker();
_variables.Clear();
_variableScopes.Clear();
var builder = new StringBuilder();
if (exported)
{
builder.Append("export ");
}
builder.Append("function ");
if (returnType is not NubVoidType)
{
builder.Append(returnType switch
{
NubPrimitiveType primitiveType => primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 => "sh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 => "sb",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "uh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "ub",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "d",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "s",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubStructType structType => StructName(_definitionTable.LookupStruct(structType.Namespace, structType.Name).GetValue()),
NubArrayType or NubPointerType or NubFuncType or NubCStringType or NubStringType => "l",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{returnType}' type cannot be used as a function return type")
});
builder.Append(' ');
}
builder.Append(name);
var parameterStrings = parameters.Select(parameter =>
{
var qbeType = parameter.Type switch
{
NubPrimitiveType primitiveType => primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 => "sh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 => "sb",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "uh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "ub",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "d",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "s",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubStructType structType => StructName(_definitionTable.LookupStruct(structType.Namespace, structType.Name).GetValue()),
NubArrayType or NubPointerType or NubFuncType or NubCStringType or NubStringType => "l",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{parameter.Type}' type cannot be used as a function parameter type")
};
return $"{qbeType} %{parameter.Name}";
});
builder.Append($"({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)}) {{");
_writer.WriteLine(builder.ToString());
_writer.WriteLine("@start");
List<Variable> parameterVars = [];
foreach (var parameter in parameters)
{
var parameterName = "%" + parameter.Name;
if (parameter.Type is NubPrimitiveType primitiveType)
{
switch (primitiveType.Kind)
{
case PrimitiveTypeKind.I16:
parameterName = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {parameterName} =w extsh %{parameter.Name}");
break;
case PrimitiveTypeKind.I8:
parameterName = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {parameterName} =w extsb %{parameter.Name}");
break;
case PrimitiveTypeKind.U16:
parameterName = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {parameterName} =w extuh %{parameter.Name}");
break;
case PrimitiveTypeKind.U8:
parameterName = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {parameterName} =w extub %{parameter.Name}");
break;
}
}
parameterVars.Add(new Variable(parameter.Name, new Val(parameterName, parameter.Type, ValKind.Direct)));
}
EmitBlock(body, parameterVars);
if (body.Statements.LastOrDefault() is not BoundReturnNode)
{
if (returnType is NubVoidType)
{
_writer.WriteLine(" ret");
}
}
_writer.WriteLine("}");
}
private static void EmitStructDefinition(BoundStructDefinitionNode structDefinition)
{
var builder = new StringBuilder();
builder.Append($"type {StructName(structDefinition)} = {{ ");
foreach (var structDefinitionField in structDefinition.Fields)
{
var qbeType = structDefinitionField.Type switch
{
NubPrimitiveType primitiveType => primitiveType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "h",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "b",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "d",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "s",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubStructType structType => StructName(_definitionTable.LookupStruct(structType.Namespace, structType.Name).GetValue()),
NubArrayType or NubPointerType or NubFuncType or NubCStringType or NubStringType => "l",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{structDefinitionField.Type}' type cannot be used in structs")
};
builder.Append(qbeType + ", ");
}
builder.Append("}");
_writer.WriteLine(builder.ToString());
}
private static void EmitStatement(BoundStatementNode statement)
{
switch (statement)
{
case BoundAssignmentNode assignment:
EmitAssignment(assignment);
break;
case BoundBreakNode @break:
EmitBreak(@break);
break;
case BoundContinueNode @continue:
EmitContinue(@continue);
break;
case BoundIfNode ifStatement:
EmitIf(ifStatement);
break;
case BoundReturnNode @return:
EmitReturn(@return);
break;
case BoundStatementExpressionNode statementExpression:
EmitExpression(statementExpression.Expression);
break;
case BoundVariableDeclarationNode variableDeclaration:
EmitVariableDeclaration(variableDeclaration);
break;
case BoundWhileNode whileStatement:
EmitWhile(whileStatement);
break;
default:
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(statement));
}
}
private static void EmitAssignment(BoundAssignmentNode assignment)
{
var destination = EmitExpression(assignment.Expression);
Debug.Assert(destination.Kind == ValKind.Pointer);
EmitCopyIntoOrInitialize(assignment.Value, destination.Name);
}
private static void EmitBlock(BoundBlockNode block, List<Variable>? variables = null)
{
_variableScopes.Push(_variables.Count);
if (variables != null)
{
foreach (var variable in variables)
{
_variables.Push(variable);
}
}
foreach (var statement in block.Statements.Where(_ => _codeIsReachable))
{
EmitStatement(statement);
}
var count = _variableScopes.Pop();
while (_variableScopes.Count > count)
{
_variableScopes.Pop();
}
_codeIsReachable = true;
}
private static void EmitBreak(BoundBreakNode @break)
{
_writer.WriteLine($" jmp {_breakLabels.Peek()}");
_codeIsReachable = false;
}
private static void EmitContinue(BoundContinueNode @continue)
{
_writer.WriteLine($" jmp {_continueLabels.Peek()}");
_codeIsReachable = false;
}
private static void EmitIf(BoundIfNode ifStatement)
{
var trueLabel = LabelName();
var falseLabel = LabelName();
var endLabel = LabelName();
var result = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(ifStatement.Condition));
_writer.WriteLine($" jnz {result}, {trueLabel}, {falseLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(trueLabel);
EmitBlock(ifStatement.Body);
_writer.WriteLine($" jmp {endLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(falseLabel);
if (ifStatement.Else.HasValue)
{
ifStatement.Else.Value.Match
(
elseIfNode => EmitIf(elseIfNode),
elseNode => EmitBlock(elseNode)
);
}
_writer.WriteLine(endLabel);
}
private static void EmitReturn(BoundReturnNode @return)
{
if (@return.Value.HasValue)
{
var result = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(@return.Value.Value));
_writer.WriteLine($" ret {result}");
}
else
{
_writer.WriteLine(" ret");
}
}
private static void EmitVariableDeclaration(BoundVariableDeclarationNode variableDeclaration)
{
var variable = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {variable} =l alloc8 {SizeOf(variableDeclaration.Type)}");
if (variableDeclaration.Assignment.HasValue)
{
EmitCopyIntoOrInitialize(variableDeclaration.Assignment.Value, variable);
}
_variables.Push(new Variable(variableDeclaration.Name, new Val(variable, variableDeclaration.Type, ValKind.Pointer)));
}
private static void EmitWhile(BoundWhileNode whileStatement)
{
var conditionLabel = LabelName();
var iterationLabel = LabelName();
var endLabel = LabelName();
_breakLabels.Push(endLabel);
_continueLabels.Push(conditionLabel);
_writer.WriteLine($" jmp {conditionLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(iterationLabel);
EmitBlock(whileStatement.Body);
_writer.WriteLine(conditionLabel);
var result = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(whileStatement.Condition));
_writer.WriteLine($" jnz {result}, {iterationLabel}, {endLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(endLabel);
_continueLabels.Pop();
_breakLabels.Pop();
}
private static Val EmitExpression(BoundExpressionNode expression)
{
return expression switch
{
BoundAddressOfNode addressOf => EmitAddressOf(addressOf),
BoundAnonymousFuncNode anonymousFunc => EmitAnonymousFunc(anonymousFunc),
BoundArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndex => EmitArrayIndexAccess(arrayIndex),
BoundArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializer => EmitArrayInitializer(arrayInitializer),
BoundBinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression => EmitBinaryExpression(binaryExpression),
BoundDereferenceNode dereference => EmitDereference(dereference),
BoundFuncCallNode funcCallExpression => EmitFuncCall(funcCallExpression),
BoundIdentifierNode identifier => EmitIdentifier(identifier),
BoundLiteralNode literal => EmitLiteral(literal),
BoundStructInitializerNode structInitializer => EmitStructInitializer(structInitializer),
BoundUnaryExpressionNode unaryExpression => EmitUnaryExpression(unaryExpression),
BoundMemberAccessNode memberAccess => EmitMemberAccess(memberAccess),
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(expression))
};
}
private static Val EmitAnonymousFunc(BoundAnonymousFuncNode anonymousFunc)
{
var name = $"$anon_func{++_anonymousFuncIndex}";
_anonymousFunctions.Enqueue((anonymousFunc, name));
return new Val(name, anonymousFunc.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
private static Val EmitArrayIndexAccess(BoundArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccess)
{
var array = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccess.Array));
var index = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccess.Index));
var elementType = ((NubArrayType)arrayIndexAccess.Array.Type).ElementType;
var pointer = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {pointer} =l mul {index}, {SizeOf(elementType)}");
_writer.WriteLine($" {pointer} =l add {pointer}, 8");
_writer.WriteLine($" {pointer} =l add {array}, {pointer}");
return new Val(pointer, arrayIndexAccess.Type, ValKind.Pointer);
}
private static void EmitArrayBoundsCheck(string array, string index)
{
var count = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {count} =l loadl {array}");
var isNegative = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {isNegative} =w csltl {index}, 0");
var isOob = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {isOob} =w csgel {index}, {count}");
var anyOob = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {anyOob} =w or {isNegative}, {isOob}");
var oobLabel = LabelName();
var notOobLabel = LabelName();
_writer.WriteLine($" jnz {anyOob}, {oobLabel}, {notOobLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(oobLabel);
_writer.WriteLine($" call $nub_panic_array_oob()");
_writer.WriteLine(notOobLabel);
}
private static Val EmitArrayInitializer(BoundArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializer)
{
var capacity = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(arrayInitializer.Capacity));
var elementSize = SizeOf(arrayInitializer.ElementType);
var capacityInBytes = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {capacityInBytes} =l mul {capacity}, {elementSize}");
var totalSize = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {totalSize} =l add {capacityInBytes}, 8");
var arrayPointer = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {arrayPointer} =l alloc8 {totalSize}");
_writer.WriteLine($" storel {capacity}, {arrayPointer}");
var dataPointer = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {dataPointer} =l add {arrayPointer}, 8");
_writer.WriteLine($" call $nub_memset(l {dataPointer}, w 0, l {capacityInBytes})");
return new Val(arrayPointer, arrayInitializer.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
private static Val EmitDereference(BoundDereferenceNode dereference)
{
var pointerType = (NubPointerType)dereference.Expression.Type;
var pointer = EmitExpression(dereference.Expression);
// Complex types are already pointers, so no need to load them
if (pointerType.BaseType is NubComplexType)
{
return pointer;
}
return EmitLoad(dereference.Type, EmitUnwrap(pointer));
}
private static Val EmitAddressOf(BoundAddressOfNode addressOf)
{
var value = EmitExpression(addressOf.Expression);
Debug.Assert(value.Kind == ValKind.Pointer);
return new Val(value.Name, addressOf.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
private static Val EmitBinaryExpression(BoundBinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression)
{
var left = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(binaryExpression.Left));
var right = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(binaryExpression.Right));
var outputName = VarName();
var instruction = EmitBinaryInstructionFor(binaryExpression.Operator, binaryExpression.Left.Type, left, right);
_writer.WriteLine($" {outputName} {QBEAssign(binaryExpression.Left.Type)} {instruction} {left}, {right}");
return new Val(outputName, binaryExpression.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
private static string EmitBinaryInstructionFor(BinaryExpressionOperator op, NubType type, string left, string right)
{
if (op is
BinaryExpressionOperator.Equal or
BinaryExpressionOperator.NotEqual or
BinaryExpressionOperator.GreaterThan or
BinaryExpressionOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual or
BinaryExpressionOperator.LessThan or
BinaryExpressionOperator.LessThanOrEqual)
{
char suffix;
if (type.Is8BitInteger)
{
if (type.IsSignedInteger)
{
_writer.WriteLine($" {left} =w extsb {left}");
_writer.WriteLine($" {right} =w extsb {right}");
}
else
{
_writer.WriteLine($" {left} =w extub {left}");
_writer.WriteLine($" {right} =w extub {right}");
}
suffix = 'w';
}
else if (type.Is16BitInteger)
{
if (type.IsSignedInteger)
{
_writer.WriteLine($" {left} =w extsh {left}");
_writer.WriteLine($" {right} =w extsh {right}");
}
else
{
_writer.WriteLine($" {left} =w extuh {left}");
_writer.WriteLine($" {right} =w extuh {right}");
}
suffix = 'w';
}
else if (type.Is32BitInteger)
{
suffix = 'w';
}
else if (type.Is64BitInteger)
{
suffix = 'l';
}
else
{
throw new NotSupportedException($"Unsupported type '{type}' for binary operator '{op}'");
}
if (op is BinaryExpressionOperator.Equal)
{
return "ceq" + suffix;
}
if (op is BinaryExpressionOperator.NotEqual)
{
return "cne" + suffix;
}
string sign;
if (type.IsSignedInteger)
{
sign = "s";
}
else if (type.IsUnsignedInteger)
{
sign = "u";
}
else if (type.IsFloat)
{
sign = "";
}
else
{
throw new NotSupportedException($"Unsupported type '{type}' for binary operator '{op}'");
}
return op switch
{
BinaryExpressionOperator.GreaterThan => 'c' + sign + "gt" + suffix,
BinaryExpressionOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual => 'c' + sign + "ge" + suffix,
BinaryExpressionOperator.LessThan => 'c' + sign + "lt" + suffix,
BinaryExpressionOperator.LessThanOrEqual => 'c' + sign + "le" + suffix,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(op), op, null)
};
}
return op switch
{
BinaryExpressionOperator.Plus => "add",
BinaryExpressionOperator.Minus => "sub",
BinaryExpressionOperator.Multiply => "mul",
BinaryExpressionOperator.Divide => "div",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(op))
};
}
private static Val EmitIdentifier(BoundIdentifierNode identifier)
{
if (_definitionTable.LookupFunc(identifier.Namespace.Or(_syntaxTree.Namespace), identifier.Name).TryGetValue(out var func))
{
return new Val(FuncName(func), identifier.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
if (!identifier.Namespace.HasValue)
{
return _variables.Single(v => v.Name == identifier.Name).Val;
}
throw new UnreachableException();
}
private static Val EmitLiteral(BoundLiteralNode literal)
{
switch (literal.Kind)
{
case LiteralKind.Integer:
{
if (literal.Type.IsFloat32)
{
var value = float.Parse(literal.Literal, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(value);
return new Val(bits.ToString(), literal.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
if (literal.Type.IsFloat64)
{
var value = double.Parse(literal.Literal, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value);
return new Val(bits.ToString(), literal.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
if (literal.Type.IsInteger)
{
return new Val(literal.Literal, literal.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
break;
}
case LiteralKind.Float:
{
if (literal.Type.IsInteger)
{
return new Val(literal.Literal.Split(".").First(), literal.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
if (literal.Type.IsFloat32)
{
var value = float.Parse(literal.Literal, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(value);
return new Val(bits.ToString(), literal.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
if (literal.Type.IsFloat64)
{
var value = double.Parse(literal.Literal, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value);
return new Val(bits.ToString(), literal.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
break;
}
case LiteralKind.String:
{
if (literal.Type.IsString)
{
var stringLiteral = new StringLiteral(literal.Literal, StringName());
_stringLiterals.Add(stringLiteral);
return new Val(stringLiteral.Name, literal.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
if (literal.Type.IsCString)
{
var cStringLiteral = new CStringLiteral(literal.Literal, CStringName());
_cStringLiterals.Add(cStringLiteral);
return new Val(cStringLiteral.Name, literal.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
break;
}
case LiteralKind.Bool:
{
if (literal.Type.IsBool)
{
return new Val(bool.Parse(literal.Literal) ? "1" : "0", literal.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
break;
}
}
throw new NotSupportedException($"Cannot create literal of kind '{literal.Kind}' for type {literal.Type}");
}
private static Val EmitStructInitializer(BoundStructInitializerNode structInitializer, string? destination = null)
{
var structDefinition = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(structInitializer.StructType.Namespace, structInitializer.StructType.Name).GetValue();
if (destination == null)
{
destination = VarName();
var size = SizeOf(structInitializer.StructType);
_writer.WriteLine($" {destination} =l alloc8 {size}");
}
foreach (var field in structDefinition.Fields)
{
if (!structInitializer.Initializers.TryGetValue(field.Name, out var valueExpression))
{
valueExpression = field.Value.Value;
}
Debug.Assert(valueExpression != null);
var offset = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {offset} =l add {destination}, {OffsetOf(structDefinition, field.Name)}");
EmitCopyIntoOrInitialize(valueExpression, offset);
}
return new Val(destination, structInitializer.StructType, ValKind.Direct);
}
private static Val EmitUnaryExpression(BoundUnaryExpressionNode unaryExpression)
{
var operand = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(unaryExpression.Operand));
var outputName = VarName();
switch (unaryExpression.Operator)
{
case UnaryExpressionOperator.Negate:
{
switch (unaryExpression.Operand.Type)
{
case NubPrimitiveType { Kind: PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 }:
_writer.WriteLine($" {outputName} =l neg {operand}");
return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type, ValKind.Direct);
case NubPrimitiveType { Kind: PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 or PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 }:
_writer.WriteLine($" {outputName} =w neg {operand}");
return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type, ValKind.Direct);
case NubPrimitiveType { Kind: PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 }:
_writer.WriteLine($" {outputName} =d neg {operand}");
return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type, ValKind.Direct);
case NubPrimitiveType { Kind: PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 }:
_writer.WriteLine($" {outputName} =s neg {operand}");
return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
break;
}
case UnaryExpressionOperator.Invert:
{
switch (unaryExpression.Operand.Type)
{
case NubPrimitiveType { Kind: PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool }:
_writer.WriteLine($" {outputName} =w xor {operand}, 1");
return new Val(outputName, unaryExpression.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
break;
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
throw new NotSupportedException($"Unary operator {unaryExpression.Operator} for type {unaryExpression.Operand.Type} not supported");
}
private static Val EmitMemberAccess(BoundMemberAccessNode memberAccess)
{
var item = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(memberAccess.Expression));
var output = VarName();
switch (memberAccess.Expression.Type)
{
case NubArrayType:
{
if (memberAccess.Member == "count")
{
_writer.WriteLine($" {output} =l loadl {item}");
return new Val(output, memberAccess.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
break;
}
case NubStringType:
{
if (memberAccess.Member == "count")
{
_writer.WriteLine($" {output} =l call $nub_string_length(l {item})");
return new Val(output, memberAccess.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
break;
}
case NubCStringType:
{
if (memberAccess.Member == "count")
{
_writer.WriteLine($" {output} =l call $nub_cstring_length(l {item})");
return new Val(output, memberAccess.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
break;
}
case NubStructType structType:
{
var structDefinition = _definitionTable.LookupStruct(structType.Namespace, structType.Name).GetValue();
var offset = OffsetOf(structDefinition, memberAccess.Member);
_writer.WriteLine($" {output} =l add {item}, {offset}");
return new Val(output, memberAccess.Type, ValKind.Pointer);
}
}
throw new UnreachableException();
}
private static Val EmitFuncCall(BoundFuncCallNode funcCall)
{
var funcType = (NubFuncType)funcCall.Expression.Type;
var parameterStrings = new List<string>();
foreach (var parameter in funcCall.Parameters)
{
var qbeType = parameter.Type switch
{
NubPrimitiveType pointerType => pointerType.Kind switch
{
PrimitiveTypeKind.I64 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U64 => "l",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I32 or PrimitiveTypeKind.U32 => "w",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I16 => "sh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.I8 => "sb",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U16 => "uh",
PrimitiveTypeKind.U8 or PrimitiveTypeKind.Bool => "ub",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F64 => "d",
PrimitiveTypeKind.F32 => "s",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
NubStructType structType => StructName(_definitionTable.LookupStruct(structType.Namespace, structType.Name).GetValue()),
NubArrayType or NubPointerType or NubFuncType or NubCStringType or NubStringType => "l",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"'{parameter.Type}' type cannot be used in function calls")
};
var copy = EmitCreateCopyOrInitialize(parameter.Type, parameter);
parameterStrings.Add($"{qbeType} {copy}");
}
var funcPointer = EmitUnwrap(EmitExpression(funcCall.Expression));
if (funcType.ReturnType is not NubVoidType)
{
var outputName = VarName();
_writer.WriteLine($" {outputName} {QBEAssign(funcCall.Type)} call {funcPointer}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return new Val(outputName, funcCall.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
else
{
_writer.WriteLine($" call {funcPointer}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return new Val(string.Empty, funcCall.Type, ValKind.Direct);
}
}
private static string EmitUnwrap(Val val)
{
if (val.Type.IsVoid)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot unwrap temporary of void type");
}
switch (val.Kind)
{
case ValKind.Direct:
{
return val.Name;
}
case ValKind.Pointer:
{
if (val.Type is NubStructType)
{
return val.Name;
}
return EmitLoad(val.Type, val.Name).Name;
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
}
}
internal class StringLiteral(string value, string name)
{
public string Value { get; } = value;
public string Name { get; } = name;
}
internal class CStringLiteral(string value, string name)
{
public string Value { get; } = value;
public string Name { get; } = name;
}
internal class Variable(string name, Val val)
{
public string Name { get; } = name;
public Val Val { get; } = val;
}
internal class Val(string name, NubType type, ValKind kind)
{
public string Name { get; } = name;
public NubType Type { get; } = type;
public ValKind Kind { get; } = kind;
public override string ToString()
{
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}
}
internal enum ValKind
{
Pointer,
Direct,
}