...

makefile

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ build-dir:
 	cp .build/kernel.bin .build/iso/boot/
 	grub-mkrescue -o .build/nub-os.iso .build/iso/
 
-.build/kernel.bin: build-dir .build/boot.o .build/kernel.o .build/print.o
+.build/kernel.bin: build-dir .build/boot.o .build/kernel.o .build/print.o .build/idt.o .build/keyboard.o .build/exceptions.o .build/interrupts.o
-	$(LD) -Ttext 0x100000 -o .build/kernel.bin .build/boot.o .build/kernel.o .build/print.o
+	$(LD) -Ttext 0x100000 -o .build/kernel.bin .build/boot.o .build/kernel.o .build/print.o .build/idt.o .build/keyboard.o .build/exceptions.o .build/interrupts.o
 
 .build/kernel.o: build-dir src/kernel.c
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o .build/kernel.o src/kernel.c
@@ -26,5 +26,17 @@ build-dir:
 .build/print.o: build-dir src/print.c
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o .build/print.o src/print.c
 
+.build/idt.o: build-dir src/idt.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o .build/idt.o src/idt.c
+
+.build/keyboard.o: build-dir src/keyboard.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o .build/keyboard.o src/keyboard.c
+
+.build/exceptions.o: build-dir src/exceptions.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o .build/exceptions.o src/exceptions.c
+
+.build/interrupts.o: build-dir src/interrupts.asm
+	nasm -f elf64 -o .build/interrupts.o src/interrupts.asm
+
 .build/boot.o: build-dir src/boot.asm
 	nasm -f elf64 -o .build/boot.o src/boot.asm

src/exceptions.c

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "print.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+void exception_handler(uint64_t* stack)
+{
+    uint64_t interrupt_num = stack[0];
+    uint64_t error_code = stack[1];
+
+    print("EXCEPTION: ");
+    if (interrupt_num == 0)
+    {
+        print("Division by zero");
+    }
+    else if (interrupt_num == 13)
+    {
+        print("General protection fault");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        print("Unknown exception");
+    }
+    print("\nError code: ");
+    // You'd need to implement number printing here
+    print("\nSystem halted.\n");
+
+    while (1)
+    {
+        __asm__ volatile("hlt");
+    }
+}

src/idt.c

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#include "idt.h"
+#include "print.h"
+
+#define IDT_ENTRIES 256
+
+struct idt_entry
+{
+    uint16_t offset_low;
+    uint16_t selector;
+    uint8_t ist;
+    uint8_t type_attr;
+    uint16_t offset_mid;
+    uint32_t offset_high;
+    uint32_t zero;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+struct idt_ptr
+{
+    uint16_t limit;
+    uint64_t base;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+static struct idt_entry idt[IDT_ENTRIES];
+static struct idt_ptr idt_pointer;
+
+extern void isr0(void);
+extern void isr13(void);
+extern void keyboard_handler_asm(void);
+
+static void idt_set_gate(uint8_t num, uint64_t handler, uint16_t sel, uint8_t flags)
+{
+    idt[num].offset_low = handler & 0xFFFF;
+    idt[num].selector = sel;
+    idt[num].ist = 0;
+    idt[num].type_attr = flags;
+    idt[num].offset_mid = (handler >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
+    idt[num].offset_high = (handler >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    idt[num].zero = 0;
+}
+
+void idt_init(void)
+{
+    idt_pointer.limit = (sizeof(struct idt_entry) * IDT_ENTRIES) - 1;
+    idt_pointer.base = (uint64_t)&idt;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < IDT_ENTRIES; i++)
+    {
+        idt_set_gate(i, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    idt_set_gate(0, (uint64_t)isr0, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    idt_set_gate(13, (uint64_t)isr13, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    idt_set_gate(33, (uint64_t)keyboard_handler_asm, 0x08, 0x8E);
+
+    __asm__ volatile("lidt %0" : : "m"(idt_pointer));
+
+    print_clr("[success]", FG_GREEN, BG_BLACK);
+    print(" idt initialized\n");
+}

src/idt.h

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+
+void idt_init(void);

src/interrupts.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+section .text
+
+global isr0
+global isr13
+global keyboard_handler_asm
+
+extern exception_handler
+extern keyboard_handler
+
+isr0:
+    push 0
+    push 0
+    jmp exception_common
+
+isr13:
+    push 13
+    jmp exception_common
+
+exception_common:
+    push rax
+    push rbx
+    push rcx
+    push rdx
+    push rsi
+    push rdi
+    push rbp
+    push r8
+    push r9
+    push r10
+    push r11
+    push r12
+    push r13
+    push r14
+    push r15
+    
+    mov rdi, rsp
+    call exception_handler
+    
+    pop r15
+    pop r14
+    pop r13
+    pop r12
+    pop r11
+    pop r10
+    pop r9
+    pop r8
+    pop rbp
+    pop rdi
+    pop rsi
+    pop rdx
+    pop rcx
+    pop rbx
+    pop rax
+    
+    add rsp, 16
+    iretq
+
+keyboard_handler_asm:
+    push rax
+    push rbx
+    push rcx
+    push rdx
+    push rsi
+    push rdi
+    push rbp
+    push r8
+    push r9
+    push r10
+    push r11
+    push r12
+    push r13
+    push r14
+    push r15
+    
+    call keyboard_handler
+    
+    mov al, 0x20
+    out 0x20, al
+    
+    pop r15
+    pop r14
+    pop r13
+    pop r12
+    pop r11
+    pop r10
+    pop r9
+    pop r8
+    pop rbp
+    pop rdi
+    pop rsi
+    pop rdx
+    pop rcx
+    pop rbx
+    pop rax
+    
+    iretq

src/kernel.c

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
+#include "idt.h"
+#include "keyboard.h"
 #include "print.h"
 
 void kernel_main(void)
 {
-    print("Starting nub-os\n");
+    idt_init();
-}
+    keyboard_init();
+
+    print("Welcome to nub OS\n");
+    print("> ");
+}

src/keyboard.c

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#include "print.h"
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define KEYBOARD_DATA_PORT 0x60
+#define KEYBOARD_STATUS_PORT 0x64
+
+static char scancode_to_ascii[] = { 0,    0,   '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',  '0', '-', '=',  '\b',
+                                    '\t', 'q', 'w', 'e', 'r', 't', 'y', 'u', 'i', 'o', 'p',  '[', ']', '\n', 0,
+                                    'a',  's', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l', ';', '\'', '`', 0,   '\\', 'z',
+                                    'x',  'c', 'v', 'b', 'n', 'm', ',', '.', '/', 0,   '*',  0,   ' ' };
+
+static char input_buffer[256];
+static int buffer_index = 0;
+static bool key_available = false;
+
+static uint8_t inb(uint16_t port)
+{
+    uint8_t result;
+    __asm__ volatile("inb %1, %0" : "=a"(result) : "Nd"(port));
+    return result;
+}
+
+void keyboard_handler(void)
+{
+    uint8_t scancode = inb(KEYBOARD_DATA_PORT);
+
+    if (scancode & 0x80)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (scancode < sizeof(scancode_to_ascii))
+    {
+        char ascii = scancode_to_ascii[scancode];
+        if (ascii)
+        {
+            if (ascii == '\b')
+            {
+                if (buffer_index > 0)
+                {
+                    buffer_index--;
+                    print("\b \b");
+                }
+            }
+            else if (ascii == '\n')
+            {
+                input_buffer[buffer_index] = '\0';
+                print("\n");
+                key_available = true;
+            }
+            else if (buffer_index < 255)
+            {
+                input_buffer[buffer_index++] = ascii;
+                char str[2] = { ascii, '\0' };
+                print(str);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+char* keyboard_get_line(void)
+{
+    buffer_index = 0;
+    key_available = false;
+
+    while (!key_available)
+    {
+        __asm__ volatile("hlt");
+    }
+
+    return input_buffer;
+}
+
+void keyboard_init(void)
+{
+    __asm__ volatile("sti");
+    print_clr("[success]", FG_GREEN, BG_BLACK);
+    print(" keyboard initialized\n");
+}

src/keyboard.h

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
+
+void keyboard_init(void);
+char* keyboard_get_line(void);

src/print.c

@@ -8,38 +8,6 @@
 #define BUF_START 0xb8000
 #define BUF_END (BUF_START + BUF_SIZE)
 
-enum FG_COLOR
-{
-    FG_BLACK = 0x0,
-    FG_BLUE = 0x1,
-    FG_GREEN = 0x2,
-    FG_CYAN = 0x3,
-    FG_RED = 0x4,
-    FG_MAGENTA = 0x5,
-    FG_BROWN = 0x6,
-    FG_LIGHT_GRAY = 0x7,
-    FG_DARK_GRAY = 0x8,
-    FG_LIGHT_BLUE = 0x9,
-    FG_LIGHT_GREEN = 0xA,
-    FG_LIGHT_CYAN = 0xB,
-    FG_LIGHT_RED = 0xC,
-    FG_LIGHT_MAGENTA = 0xD,
-    FG_YELLOW = 0xE,
-    FG_WHITE = 0xF,
-};
-
-enum BG_COLOR
-{
-    BG_BLACK = 0x0,
-    BG_BLUE = 0x1,
-    BG_GREEN = 0x2,
-    BG_CYAN = 0x3,
-    BG_RED = 0x4,
-    BG_MAGENTA = 0x5,
-    BG_BROWN = 0x6,
-    BG_LIGHT_GRAY = 0x7,
-};
-
 typedef struct
 {
     uint8_t character;
@@ -66,7 +34,7 @@ void scroll(void)
     }
 }
 
-void put_char(char c, uint8_t color)
+void put_char(char c, FG_COLOR fg_color, BG_COLOR bg_color)
 {
     if (c == '\n')
     {
@@ -75,6 +43,7 @@ void put_char(char c, uint8_t color)
     }
     else
     {
+        uint8_t color = fg_color | bg_color << 4;
         vga_buffer[cursor_row * COLUMNS + cursor_col] = (vga_char){ c, color };
         cursor_col++;
     }
@@ -94,11 +63,14 @@ void put_char(char c, uint8_t color)
 
 void print(const char* string)
 {
-    uint8_t color = FG_WHITE | BG_BLACK << 4;
+    print_clr(string, FG_WHITE, BG_BLACK);
+}
 
+void print_clr(const char* string, FG_COLOR fg_color, BG_COLOR bg_color)
+{
     for (int i = 0; string[i]; i++)
     {
-        put_char(string[i], color);
+        put_char(string[i], fg_color, bg_color);
     }
 }
 

src/print.h

@@ -1,8 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-void kernel_print(const char* string);
+typedef enum
+{
+    FG_BLACK = 0x0,
+    FG_BLUE = 0x1,
+    FG_GREEN = 0x2,
+    FG_CYAN = 0x3,
+    FG_RED = 0x4,
+    FG_MAGENTA = 0x5,
+    FG_BROWN = 0x6,
+    FG_LIGHT_GRAY = 0x7,
+    FG_DARK_GRAY = 0x8,
+    FG_LIGHT_BLUE = 0x9,
+    FG_LIGHT_GREEN = 0xA,
+    FG_LIGHT_CYAN = 0xB,
+    FG_LIGHT_RED = 0xC,
+    FG_LIGHT_MAGENTA = 0xD,
+    FG_YELLOW = 0xE,
+    FG_WHITE = 0xF,
+} FG_COLOR;
 
-void put_char(char c, uint8_t color);
+typedef enum
+{
+    BG_BLACK = 0x0,
+    BG_BLUE = 0x1,
+    BG_GREEN = 0x2,
+    BG_CYAN = 0x3,
+    BG_RED = 0x4,
+    BG_MAGENTA = 0x5,
+    BG_BROWN = 0x6,
+    BG_LIGHT_GRAY = 0x7,
+} BG_COLOR;
+
+void put_char(char c, FG_COLOR fg_color, BG_COLOR bg_color);
 void print(const char* string);
+void print_clr(const char* string, FG_COLOR fg_color, BG_COLOR bg_color);
 void clear_screen(void);
 void set_cursor_position(int row, int col);

src/string.c

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+int strcmp(const char* a, const char* b)
+{
+    while ((*a != '\0' && *b != '\0') && *a == *b)
+    {
+        a++;
+        b++;
+    }
+
+    return (*a == *b) ? 0 : (*a > *b) ? 1 : -1;
+}

src/string.h

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+
+int strcmp(const char* a, const char* b);