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nub-lang-archive-2/compiler/NubLang/Generation/QBE/QBEGenerator.cs
nub31 fd27d2709d ...
2025-09-11 21:22:30 +02:00

1439 lines
49 KiB
C#

using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Text;
using NubLang.Tokenization;
using NubLang.TypeChecking;
using NubLang.TypeChecking.Node;
namespace NubLang.Generation.QBE;
public class QBEGenerator
{
private readonly QBEWriter _writer;
private readonly TypedModule _module;
private readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<string, ModuleSignature> _moduleSignatures;
private readonly List<CStringLiteral> _cStringLiterals = [];
private readonly List<StringLiteral> _stringLiterals = [];
private readonly Stack<string> _breakLabels = [];
private readonly Stack<string> _continueLabels = [];
private int _tmpIndex;
private int _labelIndex;
private int _cStringLiteralIndex;
private int _stringLiteralIndex;
private bool _codeIsReachable = true;
public QBEGenerator(TypedModule module, IReadOnlyDictionary<string, ModuleSignature> moduleSignatures)
{
_module = module;
_moduleSignatures = moduleSignatures;
_writer = new QBEWriter();
}
public string Emit()
{
_cStringLiterals.Clear();
_stringLiterals.Clear();
_breakLabels.Clear();
_continueLabels.Clear();
_tmpIndex = 0;
_labelIndex = 0;
_cStringLiteralIndex = 0;
_stringLiteralIndex = 0;
_codeIsReachable = true;
foreach (var (module, signature) in _moduleSignatures)
{
foreach (var structType in signature.StructTypes)
{
EmitStructType(module, structType);
_writer.NewLine();
}
}
foreach (var structDef in _module.Definitions.OfType<StructNode>())
{
EmitStructDefinition(structDef);
_writer.NewLine();
}
foreach (var funcDef in _module.Definitions.OfType<FuncNode>())
{
EmitFuncDefinition(funcDef);
_writer.NewLine();
}
// foreach (var structDef in _module.Definitions.OfType<StructNode>().Where(x => x.InterfaceImplementations.Count > 0))
// {
// _writer.Write($"data {StructVtableName(_module.Name, structDef.Name)} = {{ ");
//
// foreach (var interfaceImplementation in structDef.InterfaceImplementations)
// {
// var interfaceDef = _definitionTable.LookupInterface(interfaceImplementation.Name);
// foreach (var func in interfaceDef.Functions)
// {
// _writer.Write($"l {StructFuncName(_module.Name, structDef.Name, func.Name)}, ");
// }
// }
//
// _writer.WriteLine("}");
// }
foreach (var cStringLiteral in _cStringLiterals)
{
_writer.WriteLine($"data {cStringLiteral.Name} = {{ b \"{cStringLiteral.Value}\", b 0 }}");
}
foreach (var stringLiteral in _stringLiterals)
{
var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(stringLiteral.Value).Select(b => $"b {b}");
_writer.WriteLine($"data {stringLiteral.Name} = {{ l {stringLiteral.Value.Length}, {string.Join(", ", bytes)} }}");
}
return _writer.ToString();
}
private static string QBEAssign(TypeNode type)
{
if (type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out _))
{
return simpleType.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.I8 or StorageSize.U8 or StorageSize.I16 or StorageSize.U16 or StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 => "=w",
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 => "=l",
StorageSize.F32 => "=s",
StorageSize.F64 => "=d",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(simpleType.StorageSize))
};
}
return "=l";
}
private void EmitStore(TypeNode type, string value, string destination)
{
string store;
if (type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out _))
{
store = simpleType.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.I8 or StorageSize.U8 => "storeb",
StorageSize.I16 or StorageSize.U16 => "storeh",
StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 => "storew",
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 => "storel",
StorageSize.F32 => "stores",
StorageSize.F64 => "stored",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(simpleType.StorageSize))
};
}
else
{
store = "storel";
}
_writer.Indented($"{store} {value}, {destination}");
}
private string EmitLoad(TypeNode type, string from)
{
string load;
if (type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out _))
{
load = simpleType.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 => "loadl",
StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 => "loadw",
StorageSize.I16 => "loadsh",
StorageSize.I8 => "loadsb",
StorageSize.U16 => "loaduh",
StorageSize.U8 => "loadub",
StorageSize.F64 => "loadd",
StorageSize.F32 => "loads",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(simpleType.StorageSize))
};
}
else
{
load = "loadl";
}
var into = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{into} {QBEAssign(type)} {load} {from}");
return into;
}
private void EmitMemset(string destination, int value, string length)
{
var count = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{count} =l copy 0");
var loopLabel = LabelName();
_writer.WriteLine(loopLabel);
var continueLabel = LabelName();
var doneLabel = LabelName();
var condition = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{condition} =w cultl {count}, {length}");
_writer.Indented($"jnz {condition}, {continueLabel}, {doneLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(continueLabel);
var destinationAddress = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{destinationAddress} =l add {destination}, {count}");
_writer.Indented($"storeb {value}, {destinationAddress}");
_writer.Indented($"{count} =l add {count}, 1");
_writer.Indented($"jmp {loopLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(doneLabel);
}
private void EmitMemcpy(string source, string destination, string length)
{
var count = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{count} =l copy 0");
var loopLabel = LabelName();
_writer.WriteLine(loopLabel);
var continueLabel = LabelName();
var doneLabel = LabelName();
var condition = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{condition} =w cultl {count}, {length}");
_writer.Indented($"jnz {condition}, {continueLabel}, {doneLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(continueLabel);
var sourceAddress = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{sourceAddress} =l add {source}, {count}");
var destinationAddress = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{destinationAddress} =l add {destination}, {count}");
var value = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{value} =w loadub {sourceAddress}");
_writer.Indented($"storeb {value}, {destinationAddress}");
_writer.Indented($"{count} =l add {count}, 1");
_writer.Indented($"jmp {loopLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(doneLabel);
}
private string EmitArraySizeInBytes(ArrayTypeNode type, string array)
{
var size = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{size} =l loadl {array}");
_writer.Indented($"{size} =l mul {size}, {SizeOf(type.ElementType)}");
_writer.Indented($"{size} =l add {size}, 8");
return size;
}
private string EmitCStringSizeInBytes(string cstring)
{
var count = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{count} =l copy 0");
var loopLabel = LabelName();
_writer.WriteLine(loopLabel);
var address = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{address} =l add {cstring}, {count}");
var value = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{value} =w loadub {address}");
var notZeroLabel = LabelName();
var zeroLabel = LabelName();
_writer.Indented($"jnz {value}, {notZeroLabel}, {zeroLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(notZeroLabel);
_writer.Indented($"{count} =l add {count}, 1");
_writer.Indented($"jmp {loopLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(zeroLabel);
return count;
}
private string EmitStringSizeInBytes(string nubstring)
{
var size = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{size} =l loadl {nubstring}");
_writer.Indented($"{size} =l add {size}, 8");
return size;
}
private void EmitCopyInto(ExpressionNode source, string destination)
{
// Simple types are passed in registers and can therefore just be stored
if (source.Type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out var complexType))
{
var value = EmitExpression(source);
EmitStore(simpleType, value, destination);
return;
}
// Structs and interfaces has known sizes at compile time
if (complexType is StructTypeNode or InterfaceTypeNode)
{
var value = EmitExpression(source);
_writer.Indented($"blit {value}, {destination}, {SizeOf(complexType)}");
}
// The rest of the complex types has unknown sizes
else
{
var value = EmitExpression(source);
var size = complexType switch
{
ArrayTypeNode arrayType => EmitArraySizeInBytes(arrayType, value),
CStringTypeNode => EmitCStringSizeInBytes(value),
StringTypeNode => EmitStringSizeInBytes(value),
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(source.Type))
};
var buffer = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{buffer} =l alloc8 {size}");
EmitMemcpy(value, buffer, size);
EmitStore(complexType, buffer, destination);
}
}
private string EmitCopy(ExpressionNode source)
{
// Allowlist for types which are safe to not copy
if (source is ArrayInitializerNode or StructInitializerNode or ConvertToInterfaceNode or LiteralNode)
{
return EmitExpression(source);
}
// Simple types are passed in registers and therefore always copied
if (source.Type.IsSimpleType(out _, out var complexType))
{
return EmitExpression(source);
}
// For the rest, we figure out the size of the type and shallow copy them
var value = EmitExpression(source);
var destination = TmpName();
// Structs and interfaces has known sizes at compile time
if (complexType is StructTypeNode or InterfaceTypeNode)
{
var size = SizeOf(complexType);
_writer.Indented($"{destination} =l alloc8 {size}");
_writer.Indented($"blit {value}, {destination}, {size}");
}
// The rest of the complex types has unknown sizes
else
{
var size = complexType switch
{
ArrayTypeNode arrayType => EmitArraySizeInBytes(arrayType, value),
CStringTypeNode => EmitCStringSizeInBytes(value),
StringTypeNode => EmitStringSizeInBytes(value),
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(source.Type))
};
_writer.Indented($"{destination} =l alloc8 {size}");
EmitMemcpy(value, destination, size);
}
return destination;
}
// Utility to create QBE type names for function parameters and return types
private string FuncQBETypeName(TypeNode type)
{
if (type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out var complexType))
{
return simpleType.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 => "l",
StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 => "w",
StorageSize.I16 => "sh",
StorageSize.I8 => "sb",
StorageSize.U16 => "uh",
StorageSize.U8 => "ub",
StorageSize.F64 => "d",
StorageSize.F32 => "s",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
};
}
if (complexType is StructTypeNode structType)
{
return StructTypeName(structType.Module, structType.Name);
}
return "l";
}
private void EmitFuncDefinition(FuncNode funcDef)
{
if (funcDef.Body == null) return;
_labelIndex = 0;
_tmpIndex = 0;
_writer.Write("export function ");
if (funcDef.Signature.ReturnType is not VoidTypeNode)
{
_writer.Write(FuncQBETypeName(funcDef.Signature.ReturnType) + ' ');
}
_writer.Write(FuncName(_module.Name, funcDef.Name));
_writer.Write("(");
foreach (var parameter in funcDef.Signature.Parameters)
{
_writer.Write(FuncQBETypeName(parameter.Type) + $" %{parameter.Name}");
}
_writer.WriteLine(") {");
_writer.WriteLine("@start");
EmitBlock(funcDef.Body);
// Implicit return for void functions if no explicit return has been set
if (funcDef.Signature.ReturnType is VoidTypeNode && funcDef.Body.Statements.LastOrDefault() is not ReturnNode)
{
_writer.Indented("ret");
}
_writer.WriteLine("}");
}
private void EmitStructDefinition(StructNode structDef)
{
var type = TypeResolver.ResolveStructType(_module.Name, structDef.Name, _moduleSignatures);
// _writer.WriteLine($"export function {StructCtorName(_module.Name, structDef.Name)}() {{");
// _writer.WriteLine("@start");
// _writer.Indented($"%struct =l alloc8 {SizeOf(type)}");
// // todo(nub31): Finish constructor
// _writer.Indented("ret %struct");
// _writer.WriteLine("}");
foreach (var function in structDef.Functions)
{
_labelIndex = 0;
_tmpIndex = 0;
_writer.NewLine();
_writer.Write("export function ");
if (function.Signature.ReturnType is not VoidTypeNode)
{
_writer.Write(FuncQBETypeName(function.Signature.ReturnType) + ' ');
}
_writer.Write(StructFuncName(_module.Name, structDef.Name, function.Name));
_writer.Write("(l %this, ");
foreach (var parameter in function.Signature.Parameters)
{
_writer.Write(FuncQBETypeName(parameter.Type) + $" %{parameter.Name}, ");
}
_writer.WriteLine(") {");
_writer.WriteLine("@start");
EmitBlock(function.Body);
// Implicit return for void functions if no explicit return has been set
if (function.Signature.ReturnType is VoidTypeNode && function.Body.Statements.LastOrDefault() is not ReturnNode)
{
_writer.Indented("ret");
}
_writer.WriteLine("}");
}
}
private void EmitStructType(string module, StructTypeNode structType)
{
_writer.WriteLine($"type {StructTypeName(module, structType.Name)} = {{ ");
foreach (var field in structType.Fields)
{
_writer.Indented($"{StructDefQBEType(field.Type)},");
}
_writer.WriteLine("}");
return;
string StructDefQBEType(TypeNode type)
{
if (type.IsSimpleType(out var simpleType, out var complexType))
{
return simpleType.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 => "l",
StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 => "w",
StorageSize.I16 or StorageSize.U16 => "h",
StorageSize.I8 or StorageSize.U8 => "b",
StorageSize.F64 => "d",
StorageSize.F32 => "s",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
};
}
if (complexType is StructTypeNode childStructType)
{
return StructTypeName(childStructType.Module, childStructType.Name);
}
return "l";
}
}
private void EmitBlock(BlockNode block)
{
foreach (var statement in block.Statements)
{
if (_codeIsReachable)
{
EmitStatement(statement);
}
}
_codeIsReachable = true;
}
private void EmitStatement(StatementNode statement)
{
// var tokens = statement.Tokens.ToArray();
// if (tokens.Length != 0)
// {
// _writer.WriteLine($"dbgloc {tokens[0].FileSpan.Span.Start.Line}");
// }
switch (statement)
{
case AssignmentNode assignment:
EmitAssignment(assignment);
break;
case BreakNode:
EmitBreak();
break;
case ContinueNode:
EmitContinue();
break;
case IfNode ifStatement:
EmitIf(ifStatement);
break;
case ReturnNode @return:
EmitReturn(@return);
break;
case StatementExpressionNode statementExpression:
EmitExpression(statementExpression.Expression);
break;
case VariableDeclarationNode variableDeclaration:
EmitVariableDeclaration(variableDeclaration);
break;
case WhileNode whileStatement:
EmitWhile(whileStatement);
break;
default:
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(statement));
}
}
private void EmitAssignment(AssignmentNode assignment)
{
EmitCopyInto(assignment.Value, EmitAddressOfLValue(assignment.Target));
}
private void EmitBreak()
{
_writer.Indented($"jmp {_breakLabels.Peek()}");
_codeIsReachable = false;
}
private void EmitContinue()
{
_writer.Indented($"jmp {_continueLabels.Peek()}");
_codeIsReachable = false;
}
private void EmitIf(IfNode ifStatement)
{
var trueLabel = LabelName();
var falseLabel = LabelName();
var endLabel = LabelName();
var result = EmitExpression(ifStatement.Condition);
_writer.Indented($"jnz {result}, {trueLabel}, {falseLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(trueLabel);
EmitBlock(ifStatement.Body);
_writer.Indented($"jmp {endLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(falseLabel);
if (ifStatement.Else.HasValue)
{
ifStatement.Else.Value.Match(EmitIf, EmitBlock);
}
_writer.WriteLine(endLabel);
}
private void EmitReturn(ReturnNode @return)
{
if (@return.Value.HasValue)
{
var result = EmitExpression(@return.Value.Value);
_writer.Indented($"ret {result}");
}
else
{
_writer.Indented("ret");
}
}
private void EmitVariableDeclaration(VariableDeclarationNode variableDeclaration)
{
var name = $"%{variableDeclaration.Name}";
_writer.Indented($"{name} =l alloc8 {SizeOf(variableDeclaration.Type)}");
if (variableDeclaration.Assignment.HasValue)
{
EmitCopyInto(variableDeclaration.Assignment.Value, name);
}
}
private void EmitWhile(WhileNode whileStatement)
{
var conditionLabel = LabelName();
var iterationLabel = LabelName();
var endLabel = LabelName();
_breakLabels.Push(endLabel);
_continueLabels.Push(conditionLabel);
_writer.Indented($"jmp {conditionLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(iterationLabel);
EmitBlock(whileStatement.Body);
_writer.WriteLine(conditionLabel);
var result = EmitExpression(whileStatement.Condition);
_writer.Indented($"jnz {result}, {iterationLabel}, {endLabel}");
_writer.WriteLine(endLabel);
_continueLabels.Pop();
_breakLabels.Pop();
}
private string EmitExpression(ExpressionNode expression)
{
// var tokens = expression.Tokens.ToArray();
// if (tokens.Length != 0)
// {
// _writer.WriteLine($"dbgloc {tokens[0].FileSpan.Span.Start.Line}");
// }
return expression switch
{
ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializer => EmitArrayInitializer(arrayInitializer),
StructInitializerNode structInitializer => EmitStructInitializer(structInitializer),
AddressOfNode addressOf => EmitAddressOf(addressOf),
DereferenceNode dereference => EmitDereference(dereference),
BinaryExpressionNode binary => EmitBinaryExpression(binary),
FuncCallNode funcCall => EmitFuncCall(funcCall),
InterfaceFuncCallNode interfaceFuncCall => EmitInterfaceFuncCall(interfaceFuncCall),
ConvertToInterfaceNode convertToInterface => EmitConvertToInterface(convertToInterface),
ConvertIntNode convertInt => EmitConvertInt(convertInt),
ConvertFloatNode convertFloat => EmitConvertFloat(convertFloat),
VariableIdentifierNode identifier => EmitVariableIdentifier(identifier),
FuncIdentifierNode funcIdentifier => EmitFuncIdentifier(funcIdentifier),
FuncParameterIdentifierNode funcParameterIdentifier => EmitParameterFuncIdentifier(funcParameterIdentifier),
LiteralNode literal => EmitLiteral(literal),
UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpression => EmitUnaryExpression(unaryExpression),
StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccess => EmitStructFieldAccess(structFieldAccess),
StructFuncCallNode structFuncCall => EmitStructFuncCall(structFuncCall),
ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndex => EmitArrayIndexAccess(arrayIndex),
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(expression))
};
}
private string EmitFuncIdentifier(FuncIdentifierNode funcIdent)
{
// todo(nub31): Support for extern funcs
return FuncName(funcIdent.Module, funcIdent.Name);
}
private string EmitVariableIdentifier(VariableIdentifierNode variableIdent)
{
var address = EmitAddressOfVariableIdent(variableIdent);
return variableIdent.Type.IsSimpleType(out _, out _)
? EmitLoad(variableIdent.Type, address)
: address;
}
private string EmitParameterFuncIdentifier(FuncParameterIdentifierNode funcParameterIdent)
{
return "%" + funcParameterIdent.Name;
}
private string EmitArrayIndexAccess(ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccess)
{
// var address = EmitAddressOfArrayIndexAccess(arrayIndexAccess);
// if (arrayIndexAccess.Type is StructTypeNode)
// {
// return address;
// }
//
// return EmitLoad(arrayIndexAccess.Type, address);
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
private string EmitArrayInitializer(ArrayInitializerNode arrayInitializer)
{
var capacity = EmitExpression(arrayInitializer.Capacity);
var elementSize = SizeOf(arrayInitializer.ElementType);
var capacityInBytes = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{capacityInBytes} =l mul {capacity}, {elementSize}");
var totalSize = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{totalSize} =l add {capacityInBytes}, 8");
var arrayPointer = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{arrayPointer} =l alloc8 {totalSize}");
_writer.Indented($"storel {capacity}, {arrayPointer}");
var dataPointer = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{dataPointer} =l add {arrayPointer}, 8");
EmitMemset(dataPointer, 0, capacityInBytes);
return arrayPointer;
}
private string EmitDereference(DereferenceNode dereference)
{
var address = EmitExpression(dereference.Expression);
if (dereference.Type is StructTypeNode)
{
return address;
}
return EmitLoad(dereference.Type, address);
}
private string EmitAddressOf(AddressOfNode addressOf)
{
return EmitAddressOfLValue(addressOf.LValue);
}
private string EmitAddressOfLValue(LValueExpressionNode addressOf)
{
return addressOf switch
{
ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccess => EmitAddressOfArrayIndexAccess(arrayIndexAccess),
StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccess => EmitAddressOfStructFieldAccess(structFieldAccess),
VariableIdentifierNode variableIdent => EmitAddressOfVariableIdent(variableIdent),
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(addressOf))
};
}
private string EmitAddressOfArrayIndexAccess(ArrayIndexAccessNode arrayIndexAccess)
{
var array = EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccess.Target);
var index = EmitExpression(arrayIndexAccess.Index);
var elementType = ((ArrayTypeNode)arrayIndexAccess.Target.Type).ElementType;
var offset = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{offset} =l mul {index}, {SizeOf(elementType)}");
_writer.Indented($"{offset} =l add {offset}, 8");
_writer.Indented($"{offset} =l add {array}, {offset}");
return offset;
}
private string EmitAddressOfStructFieldAccess(StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccess)
{
var target = EmitExpression(structFieldAccess.Target);
var structType = TypeResolver.ResolveStructType(structFieldAccess.StructType.Module, structFieldAccess.StructType.Name, _moduleSignatures);
var offset = OffsetOf(structType, structFieldAccess.Field);
var address = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{address} =l add {target}, {offset}");
return address;
}
private string EmitAddressOfVariableIdent(VariableIdentifierNode variableIdent)
{
return "%" + variableIdent.Name;
}
private string EmitBinaryExpression(BinaryExpressionNode binaryExpression)
{
var left = EmitExpression(binaryExpression.Left);
var right = EmitExpression(binaryExpression.Right);
var outputName = TmpName();
var instruction = EmitBinaryInstructionForOperator(binaryExpression.Operator, binaryExpression.Left.Type);
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} {QBEAssign(binaryExpression.Left.Type)} {instruction} {left}, {right}");
return outputName;
}
private static string EmitBinaryInstructionForOperator(BinaryOperator op, TypeNode type)
{
return op switch
{
BinaryOperator.RightShift => type switch
{
IntTypeNode { Signed: true } => "sar",
IntTypeNode { Signed: false } => "shr",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"Right shift not supported for type '{type}'")
},
BinaryOperator.BitwiseAnd => "and",
BinaryOperator.BitwiseOr => "or",
BinaryOperator.BitwiseXor => "xor",
BinaryOperator.LeftShift => "shl",
BinaryOperator.Divide => type switch
{
IntTypeNode { Signed: true } => "div",
IntTypeNode { Signed: false } => "udiv",
FloatTypeNode => "div",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"Division not supported for type '{type}'")
},
BinaryOperator.Modulo => type switch
{
IntTypeNode { Signed: true } => "rem",
IntTypeNode { Signed: false } => "urem",
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"Modulo not supported for type '{type}'")
},
BinaryOperator.Plus => "add",
BinaryOperator.Minus => "sub",
BinaryOperator.Multiply => "mul",
BinaryOperator.Equal => type switch
{
IntTypeNode intType => intType.Width switch
{
<= 32 => "ceqw",
64 => "ceql",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
FloatTypeNode floatType => floatType.Width switch
{
32 => "ceqs",
64 => "ceqd",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"Equality comparison not supported for type '{type}'")
},
BinaryOperator.NotEqual => type switch
{
IntTypeNode intType => intType.Width switch
{
<= 32 => "cnew",
64 => "cnel",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
FloatTypeNode floatType => floatType.Width switch
{
32 => "cnes",
64 => "cned",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"Inequality comparison not supported for type '{type}'")
},
BinaryOperator.LessThan => type switch
{
IntTypeNode { Signed: true } intType => intType.Width switch
{
<= 32 => "csltw",
64 => "csltl",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
IntTypeNode { Signed: false } intType => intType.Width switch
{
<= 32 => "cultw",
64 => "cultl",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
FloatTypeNode floatType => floatType.Width switch
{
32 => "clts",
64 => "cltd",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"Less than comparison not supported for type '{type}'")
},
BinaryOperator.LessThanOrEqual => type switch
{
IntTypeNode { Signed: true } intType => intType.Width switch
{
<= 32 => "cslew",
64 => "cslel",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
IntTypeNode { Signed: false } intType => intType.Width switch
{
<= 32 => "culew",
64 => "culel",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
FloatTypeNode floatType => floatType.Width switch
{
32 => "cles",
64 => "cled",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"Less than or equal comparison not supported for type '{type}'")
},
BinaryOperator.GreaterThan => type switch
{
IntTypeNode { Signed: true } intType => intType.Width switch
{
<= 32 => "csgtw",
64 => "csgtl",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
IntTypeNode { Signed: false } intType => intType.Width switch
{
<= 32 => "cugtw",
64 => "cugtl",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
FloatTypeNode floatType => floatType.Width switch
{
32 => "cgts",
64 => "cgtd",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"Greater than comparison not supported for type '{type}'")
},
BinaryOperator.GreaterThanOrEqual => type switch
{
IntTypeNode { Signed: true } intType => intType.Width switch
{
<= 32 => "csgew",
64 => "csgel",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
IntTypeNode { Signed: false } intType => intType.Width switch
{
<= 32 => "cugew",
64 => "cugel",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
FloatTypeNode floatType => floatType.Width switch
{
32 => "cges",
64 => "cged",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
_ => throw new NotSupportedException($"Greater than or equal comparison not supported for type '{type}'")
},
// todo(nub31): Implement short circuiting
BinaryOperator.LogicalAnd => "and",
BinaryOperator.LogicalOr => "or",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(op))
};
}
private string EmitLiteral(LiteralNode literal)
{
switch (literal.Kind)
{
case LiteralKind.Integer:
{
if (literal.Type is FloatTypeNode { Width: 32 })
{
var value = float.Parse(literal.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(value);
return bits.ToString();
}
if (literal.Type is FloatTypeNode { Width: 64 })
{
var value = double.Parse(literal.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value);
return bits.ToString();
}
if (literal.Type is IntTypeNode)
{
return literal.Value;
}
break;
}
case LiteralKind.Float:
{
if (literal.Type is IntTypeNode)
{
return literal.Value.Split(".").First();
}
if (literal.Type is FloatTypeNode { Width: 32 })
{
var value = float.Parse(literal.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(value);
return bits.ToString();
}
if (literal.Type is FloatTypeNode { Width: 64 })
{
var value = double.Parse(literal.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
var bits = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value);
return bits.ToString();
}
break;
}
case LiteralKind.String:
{
if (literal.Type is StringTypeNode)
{
var stringLiteral = new StringLiteral(literal.Value, StringName());
_stringLiterals.Add(stringLiteral);
return stringLiteral.Name;
}
if (literal.Type is CStringTypeNode)
{
var cStringLiteral = new CStringLiteral(literal.Value, CStringName());
_cStringLiterals.Add(cStringLiteral);
return cStringLiteral.Name;
}
break;
}
case LiteralKind.Bool:
{
if (literal.Type is BoolTypeNode)
{
return bool.Parse(literal.Value) ? "1" : "0";
}
break;
}
}
throw new NotSupportedException($"Cannot create literal of kind '{literal.Kind}' for type {literal.Type}");
}
private string EmitStructInitializer(StructInitializerNode structInitializer)
{
var destination = TmpName();
var size = SizeOf(structInitializer.StructType);
_writer.Indented($"{destination} =l alloc8 {size}");
foreach (var (field, value) in structInitializer.Initializers)
{
var offset = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{offset} =l add {destination}, {OffsetOf(structInitializer.StructType, field)}");
EmitCopyInto(value, offset);
}
return destination;
}
private string EmitUnaryExpression(UnaryExpressionNode unaryExpression)
{
var operand = EmitExpression(unaryExpression.Operand);
var outputName = TmpName();
switch (unaryExpression.Operator)
{
case UnaryOperator.Negate:
{
switch (unaryExpression.Operand.Type)
{
case IntTypeNode { Signed: true, Width: 64 }:
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} =l neg {operand}");
return outputName;
case IntTypeNode { Signed: true, Width: 8 or 16 or 32 }:
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} =w neg {operand}");
return outputName;
case FloatTypeNode { Width: 64 }:
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} =d neg {operand}");
return outputName;
case FloatTypeNode { Width: 32 }:
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} =s neg {operand}");
return outputName;
}
break;
}
case UnaryOperator.Invert:
{
switch (unaryExpression.Operand.Type)
{
case BoolTypeNode:
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} =w xor {operand}, 1");
return outputName;
}
break;
}
default:
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
}
throw new NotSupportedException($"Unary operator {unaryExpression.Operator} for type {unaryExpression.Operand.Type} not supported");
}
private string EmitStructFieldAccess(StructFieldAccessNode structFieldAccess)
{
var address = EmitAddressOfStructFieldAccess(structFieldAccess);
if (structFieldAccess.Type is StructTypeNode)
{
return address;
}
return EmitLoad(structFieldAccess.Type, address);
}
private string EmitStructFuncCall(StructFuncCallNode structFuncCall)
{
var func = StructFuncName(structFuncCall.StructType.Module, structFuncCall.StructType.Name, structFuncCall.Name);
var thisParameter = EmitExpression(structFuncCall.StructExpression);
List<string> parameterStrings = [$"l {thisParameter}"];
foreach (var parameter in structFuncCall.Parameters)
{
var copy = EmitCopy(parameter);
parameterStrings.Add($"{FuncQBETypeName(parameter.Type)} {copy}");
}
if (structFuncCall.Type is VoidTypeNode)
{
_writer.Indented($"call {func}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return string.Empty;
}
else
{
var outputName = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} {QBEAssign(structFuncCall.Type)} call {func}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return outputName;
}
}
private string EmitInterfaceFuncCall(InterfaceFuncCallNode interfaceFuncCall)
{
var target = EmitExpression(interfaceFuncCall.InterfaceExpression);
var functionIndex = interfaceFuncCall.InterfaceType.Functions.ToList().FindIndex(x => x.Name == interfaceFuncCall.Name);
var offset = functionIndex * 8;
var vtable = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{vtable} =l loadl {target}");
var funcOffset = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{funcOffset} =l add {vtable}, {offset}");
var func = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{func} =l loadl {funcOffset}");
var data = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{data} =l add {target}, 8");
_writer.Indented($"{data} =l loadl {data}");
List<string> parameterStrings = [$"l {data}"];
foreach (var parameter in interfaceFuncCall.Parameters)
{
var copy = EmitCopy(parameter);
parameterStrings.Add($"{FuncQBETypeName(parameter.Type)} {copy}");
}
if (interfaceFuncCall.Type is VoidTypeNode)
{
_writer.Indented($"call {func}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return string.Empty;
}
else
{
var outputName = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} {QBEAssign(interfaceFuncCall.Type)} call {func}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return outputName;
}
}
private string EmitConvertToInterface(ConvertToInterfaceNode convertToInterface)
{
var implementation = EmitExpression(convertToInterface.Implementation);
var vtableOffset = 0;
foreach (var interfaceImplementation in convertToInterface.StructType.InterfaceImplementations)
{
if (interfaceImplementation == convertToInterface.InterfaceType)
{
break;
}
vtableOffset += interfaceImplementation.Functions.Count * 8;
}
var destination = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{destination} =l alloc8 {SizeOf(convertToInterface.InterfaceType)}");
var interfaceVtablePointer = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{interfaceVtablePointer} =l add {StructVtableName(convertToInterface.StructType.Module, convertToInterface.StructType.Name)}, {vtableOffset}");
_writer.Indented($"storel {interfaceVtablePointer}, {destination}");
var objectPointer = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{objectPointer} =l add {destination}, 8");
_writer.Indented($"storel {implementation}, {objectPointer}");
return destination;
}
private string EmitConvertInt(ConvertIntNode convertInt)
{
var value = EmitExpression(convertInt.Value);
if (convertInt.ValueType.Width >= convertInt.TargetType.Width)
{
return value;
}
var method = convertInt.ValueType.Signed switch
{
true => convertInt.ValueType.Width switch
{
8 => "extsb",
16 => "extsh",
32 => "extsw",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
},
false => convertInt.ValueType.Width switch
{
8 => "extub",
16 => "extuh",
32 => "extuw",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
}
};
var result = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{result} {QBEAssign(convertInt.TargetType)} {method} {value}");
return result;
}
private string EmitConvertFloat(ConvertFloatNode convertFloat)
{
var value = EmitExpression(convertFloat.Value);
if (convertFloat.ValueType.Width == convertFloat.TargetType.Width)
{
return value;
}
var method = convertFloat.ValueType.Width switch
{
32 => "exts",
64 => "truncd",
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()
};
var result = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{result} {QBEAssign(convertFloat.TargetType)} {method} {value}");
return result;
}
private string EmitFuncCall(FuncCallNode funcCall)
{
var funcPointer = EmitExpression(funcCall.Expression);
var parameterStrings = new List<string>();
foreach (var parameter in funcCall.Parameters)
{
var copy = EmitCopy(parameter);
parameterStrings.Add($"{FuncQBETypeName(parameter.Type)} {copy}");
}
if (funcCall.Type is VoidTypeNode)
{
_writer.Indented($"call {funcPointer}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return string.Empty;
}
else
{
var outputName = TmpName();
_writer.Indented($"{outputName} {QBEAssign(funcCall.Type)} call {funcPointer}({string.Join(", ", parameterStrings)})");
return outputName;
}
}
private static int SizeOf(TypeNode type)
{
return type switch
{
SimpleTypeNode simple => simple.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.Void => 0,
StorageSize.I8 or StorageSize.U8 => 1,
StorageSize.I16 or StorageSize.U16 => 2,
StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 or StorageSize.F32 => 4,
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 or StorageSize.F64 => 8,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(type), $"Unknown storage size: {simple.StorageSize}")
},
CStringTypeNode => 8,
StringTypeNode => 8,
ArrayTypeNode => 8,
StructTypeNode structType => CalculateStructSize(structType),
InterfaceTypeNode => 16,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(type), $"Unknown type: {type.GetType()}")
};
}
private static int CalculateStructSize(StructTypeNode structType)
{
var offset = 0;
var fields = new List<TypeNode>(structType.Fields.Count);
foreach (var field in structType.Fields)
{
var fieldAlignment = AlignmentOf(field.Type);
offset = AlignTo(offset, fieldAlignment);
offset += SizeOf(field.Type);
}
var structAlignment = CalculateStructAlignment(structType);
return AlignTo(offset, structAlignment);
}
private static int AlignmentOf(TypeNode type)
{
return type switch
{
SimpleTypeNode simple => simple.StorageSize switch
{
StorageSize.Void => 1,
StorageSize.I8 or StorageSize.U8 => 1,
StorageSize.I16 or StorageSize.U16 => 2,
StorageSize.I32 or StorageSize.U32 or StorageSize.F32 => 4,
StorageSize.I64 or StorageSize.U64 or StorageSize.F64 => 8,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(type), $"Unknown storage size: {simple.StorageSize}")
},
CStringTypeNode => 8,
StringTypeNode => 8,
ArrayTypeNode => 8,
StructTypeNode structType => CalculateStructAlignment(structType),
InterfaceTypeNode => 8,
_ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(type), $"Unknown type: {type.GetType()}")
};
}
private static int CalculateStructAlignment(StructTypeNode structType)
{
var maxAlignment = 1;
if (structType.InterfaceImplementations.Any())
{
maxAlignment = Math.Max(maxAlignment, 8);
}
foreach (var field in structType.Fields)
{
var fieldAlignment = AlignmentOf(field.Type);
maxAlignment = Math.Max(maxAlignment, fieldAlignment);
}
return maxAlignment;
}
private static int AlignTo(int offset, int alignment)
{
return (offset + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
}
private static int OffsetOf(StructTypeNode structDef, string member)
{
var offset = 0;
foreach (var field in structDef.Fields)
{
if (field.Name == member)
{
return offset;
}
var fieldAlignment = AlignmentOf(field.Type);
offset = AlignTo(offset, fieldAlignment);
offset += SizeOf(field.Type);
}
throw new UnreachableException($"Member '{member}' not found in struct");
}
#region Naming utilities
private string TmpName()
{
return $"%t{++_tmpIndex}";
}
private string LabelName()
{
return $"@l{++_labelIndex}";
}
private string CStringName()
{
return $"$cstring{++_cStringLiteralIndex}";
}
private string StringName()
{
return $"$string{++_stringLiteralIndex}";
}
private string FuncName(string module, string name)
{
var type = TypeResolver.ResolveFunctionType(module, name, _moduleSignatures);
var symbol = type.ExternSymbol ?? $"{module}.{name}";
return "$" + symbol;
}
private string StructTypeName(string module, string name)
{
return $":{module}.{name}";
}
private string StructFuncName(string module, string structName, string funcName)
{
return $"${module}.{structName}_func.{funcName}";
}
private string StructCtorName(string module, string structName)
{
return $"${module}.{structName}_ctor";
}
private string StructVtableName(string module, string structName)
{
return $"${module}.{structName}_vtable";
}
#endregion
}
public class StringLiteral(string value, string name)
{
public string Value { get; } = value;
public string Name { get; } = name;
}
public class CStringLiteral(string value, string name)
{
public string Value { get; } = value;
public string Name { get; } = name;
}